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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.

Background And Aims: Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and a common cause of chronic diarrhea. Appendectomy has been suggested to have immunomodulating effects in the colon, influencing the risk of gastrointestinal disease. The relationship between appendectomy and MC has only been sparsely studied. Read More

Virchows Arch 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Centre for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.

Drug-induced injury to the gastrointestinal tract has gained growing significance in recent years, and the list of causative medications keeps expanding. Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old female with major depressive disorder treated with two serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine and duloxetine). She developed nausea and weight loss. Read More

Turk Patoloji Derg 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Pathology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, IZMIR, TURKEY.

Objective: Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by a triad of chronic diarrhea, endoscopy without significant abnormality, and distinct histopathological features. Histopathologically, microscopic colitis is divided into 3 subtypes; collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, incomplete microscopic colitis. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the detailed clinicopathological parameters of microscopic colitis cases in the Turkish population. Read More

Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2021 Oct-Dec;41(4):221-226

Clínica Colsanitas. Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Patients with chronic diarrhea often undergo colonoscopy evaluation, however, the performance of biopsies or ileoscopy remains controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of colonoscopy plus biopsies in the study of patients with chronic diarrhea.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopy between 2015 and 2019. Read More

Ann Gastroenterol 2022 May-Jun;35(3):281-289. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA (Laith Almomani, Alisa Likhitsup).

Background: Multiple studies suggested that celiac disease (CD) may be associated with microscopic colitis (MC); however, most were limited by a small sample size or the main scope of interest. We aimed to analyze previously published literature on this association to determine its extent and significance.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PubMed Central, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases from inception through January 2022. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 31;14(3):e23677. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Gastroenterology, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, USA.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and microscopic colitis (MC) are two distinct subgroups within the larger group of colitides. MC could manifest as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). The co-occurrence of MC in patients with IBD is rare, with few cases reported. Read More

J Int Med Res 2022 Mar;50(3):3000605221080104

Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, 444273ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy.

Objective: To investigate the potential inflammatory pathways involved in the development of microscopic colitis (MC).

Methods: This prospective study analysed human intestinal tissue that was collected and classified as healthy controls (HC), microscopic colitis (MC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). An RT Profiler PCR Array for human inflammatory response and autoimmunity was used to evaluate the expression of 84 specific genes related to the inflammatory and autoimmunity pathways. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2022 Mar 17. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Inform Diagnostics, Irving, Texas.

Background: In a subgroup of patients with microscopic colitis (MC), its histopathology changes from lymphocytic (LC) to collagenous colitis (CC) and vice versa. Previous studies have also observed histopathologic transitions between MC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aims: The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of such transitions in a large population of MC patients. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Jul 14;34(7):733-738. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Division of Gastroenterology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon characterized by persistent watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Subtypes of MC include collagenous and lymphocytic MC. Microscopic examination of colon tissue is crucial to confirming the diagnosis because the colonic mucosa often appears normal during flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021 Dec 30. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.

Background: The study sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer in patients with microscopic colitis (MC).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the effect of MC on the risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 2;8:809136. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.

Scand J Gastroenterol 2022 Mar 3;57(3):298-304. Epub 2021 Dec 3.

Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Objectives: Patients with microscopic colitis may have subtle macroscopic findings on colonoscopy such as erythema, edema, or altered vascular pattern; however, radiographic abnormalities on cross-sectional imaging have not been investigated. We aimed at identifying the abdominopelvic radiographic abnormalities in patients with microscopic colitis, as well as possible correlation with endoscopic findings and the need for extended duration of treatment.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with biopsy-proven microscopic colitis at two tertiary centers between 1 January 2010 and 30 April 2020. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 15;8:727412. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel condition with two subtypes, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Unlike patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and non-inflamed individuals, MC patients have reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer, possibly due to increased immune surveillance in MC patients. To examine differences in levels of immunomodulatory molecules, including those involved in immune checkpoint mechanisms, in sera from patients with MC and in colonic biopsies from patients with MC and UC compared with controls. Read More

Cureus 2021 Sep 26;13(9):e18299. Epub 2021 Sep 26.

Gastroenterology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA.

The association between microscopic colitis (MC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncertain and infrequently reported. Rare cases in the literature consist of simultaneous MC and IBD, or progression of one condition to the other. We present a unique case of clinically and endoscopically diagnosed and successfully treated IBD that revealed MC on histology months later due to reappearance of diarrhea. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 12;8:717438. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Microscopic colitis (MC) has become a disease with increased awareness due to the availability of new data about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of this disease. The incidence of MC is increasing, reaching the incidence of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in some populations. However, some aspects of MC are still controversial. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021 12 15;54(11-12):1454-1462. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: The association between autoimmune diseases and microscopic colitis remains uncertain.

Aims: To describe the association between autoimmune diseases and microscopic colitis by using a matched case-control design based on nationwide registry data.

Methods: All adult Danish patients with a diagnosis of microscopic colitis from 2001 to 2018 were identified from nationwide registries. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2021 Sep 23;21(1):350. Epub 2021 Sep 23.

Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi-2 Hokkaido, Asahikawa, Japan.

Background: Olmesartan, which is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, reportedly causes spruelike enteropathy, with intestinal villous atrophy as its typical histopathological finding. Interestingly, collagenous and/or lymphocytic gastritis and colitis occur in some patients. We report the case of a 73-year-old Japanese man with a 2-month clinical history of severe diarrhea and weight loss. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021 Sep 2. Epub 2021 Sep 2.

Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: No dietary factors have yet been shown to conclusively impact the incidence of microscopic colitis (MC). Here, we sought to examine the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of MC.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 209,902 participants (age range, 28. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2021 Aug 27. Epub 2021 Aug 27.

Department of Gastroenterology, Centura Health, Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Denver, CO, USA.

Background: Microscopic colitis and Celiac disease have been shown to occur concomitantly, but their relationship has yet to be systematically evaluated. Some patients with refractory microscopic colitis may have simultaneous celiac disease, and the converse is also true.

Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the prevalence and possible association between these two conditions. Read More

Ann Med 2021 12;53(1):1279-1284

GI Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectology, Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Background: Microscopic colitides are chronic immune-inflammatory bowel diseases. The typical presentation is chronic, watery diarrhoea. Inflammation mostly cannot be visualized macroscopic inspection. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2021 Jul 20. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Microscopic colitis (MC) primarily affects older adults; thus, data in younger patients are scarce.

Aims: To compare clinical characteristics and treatment response by age at diagnosis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed at Mayo Clinic and Massachusetts General Hospital. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2022 Jan;16(1):143-161

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Whereas the exact aetiology of microscopic colitis [MC] remains unknown, a dysregulated immune response to luminal factors or medications is the most accepted pathogenesis hypothesis.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the pathogenesis of MC. We applied the Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies and the PRISMA statement for the reporting of systematic reviews [PROSPERO Trial Identifier: CRD42020145008]. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2022 Jan;16(1):49-56

Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark.

Objective: Microscopic colitis [MC], encompassing collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC], is an increasingly prevalent gastrointestinal disease with an unknown aetiology. Previous research has reported significant differences in the incidence of MC within Denmark, with the lowest incidence found in the most populated region [Capital Region of Denmark]. Our aim was to elucidate the causes of these regional differences. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 05 30;20(5):1085-1094. Epub 2021 Jun 30.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Epidemiologic studies from Europe and North America have reported an increasing incidence of microscopic colitis (MC) in the late 20th century, followed by a plateau. This population-based study assessed recent incidence trends and the overall prevalence of MC over the past decade.

Methods: Residents of Olmsted County, MN, diagnosed with collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC) between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019 were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021 06 10;7(1):39. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine associated with urgent watery diarrhoea. MC may occur in people of all ages, although the disease primarily affects older women. Once believed to be rare, MC is now known to be a common cause of chronic watery diarrhoea in high-income countries, affecting 1 in 115 women and 1 in 286 men during their lifetime in Swedish population-based estimates. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2021 05;76(3):318-325

Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Introduction: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a well-recognised cause of chronic diarrhoea in Western countries. It is classically associated with normal endoscopic findings and a higher prevalence among patients with autoimmune disease. Local information regarding this disease remains scarce. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021 07 21;54(1):43-52. Epub 2021 May 21.

Roskilde, Denmark.

Background: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea. Biopsies with characteristic histological features are crucial for establishing the diagnosis. The two main subtypes are collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) but incomplete forms exist. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2021 05;96(5):1302-1308

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon and a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea, predominantly in older patients. Microscopic colitis encompasses 2 different subtypes, lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. The colon typically appears normal endoscopically in MC, and the diagnosis requires histologic evaluation. Read More

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021 05 20;86:84-90. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy and Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Microscopic colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by profuse non-bloody watery diarrhea. Macroscopic abnormality is not present on colonoscopy, and it requires biopsy for diagnosis. Few cases have been attributed to levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor therapy. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2022 Jun 22;67(6):2413-2419. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W. Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background: Increased fecal bile acid excretion (IBAX) occurs in a third of patients with functional diarrhea.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of IBAX in benign inflammatory intestinal and colonic diseases presenting with chronic diarrhea.

Methods: All patients with known inflammatory diseases or resections who underwent 48 h fecal fat and BA testing for chronic diarrhea at a single center were included. Read More