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Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020 Jul 25;52(2):319-328. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.

Background: The long-term natural history of microscopic colitis remains uncertain.

Aim: To describe the mortality in a large unselected cohort of patients with microscopic colitis.

Methods: All Danish patients above 18 years with an incident diagnosis of microscopic colitis from 2001 to 2018 were identified from nationwide registries and compared to age- and sex-matched controls (variable 1:10 ratio). Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark.

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest an increasing global incidence of microscopic colitis, including collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis.

Aims: To investigate the incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis in Denmark.

Methods: In a nationwide cohort study, we included all incident patients with a recorded diagnosis of collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis in the Danish Pathology Register between 2001 and 2016. Read More

Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020 4;13:115-121. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.

Introduction: Microscopic colitis (MC) is an important cause of chronic, watery diarrhoea. Currently, there is no specific biomarker available to guide diagnosis. The use of faecal calprotectin (FCP) as a potential marker has been addressed in only a few studies. Read More

Frontline Gastroenterol 2020 5;11(3):228-234. Epub 2019 Jul 5.

The Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a treatable cause of chronic, non-bloody, watery diarrhoea, but physicians (particularly in primary care) are less familiar with MC than with other causes of chronic diarrhoea. The colon in patients with MC is usually macroscopically normal. MC can only be diagnosed by histological examination of colonic biopsies (subepithelial collagen band >10 µm (collagenous colitis) or >20 intraepithelial lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells (lymphocytic colitis), both with lamina propria inflammation). Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Malakoplakia is an inflammatory process related to defective macrophage response to bacterial infection. To further characterize the clinicopathologic manifestations of gastrointestinal malakoplakia, 26 cases were identified from 6 institutions. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and available stains were reviewed, and pertinent clinicopathologic features analyzed. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2020 Apr 5;46:151520. Epub 2020 Apr 5.

Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 9, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

Microscopic colitis (MC) comprising lymphocytic colitis (LC), collagenous colitis (CC) and the incomplete forms of microscopic colitis (MCi) are frequent causes of chronic watery diarrhea. The diagnosis is based on specific histological features in colonic biopsies. Especially regarding MCi, the histological features may be subtle. Read More

Arab J Gastroenterol 2020 Mar 30;21(1):9-18. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Gastroenterology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.

Background And Study Aims: It has been suggested that smoking may be associated with microscopic colitis (MC) in some studies; however, there are conflicting results in the current literature with many of these studies having significant limitations. Our study aims to offer a meta-analysis evaluating the association between MC, including both its subtypes, and smoking.

Patients And Methods: A systemic review was conducted in PUBMED, Embase, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect databases from inception through December 2019. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2020 Mar 17;55(3):312-320. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with an increased risk to develop anemia, cutaneous diseases, liver diseases, malignancy, osteoporosis, rheumatic diseases, thromboembolism and uveitis. The association between these diseases and microscopic colitis (MC) is not known. The aim of the present systematic review was to examine associations between MC and diseases observed in association with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020 4;2020:9089027. Epub 2020 Jan 4.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Objectives: Microscopic colitis (MC) is characterized by chronic diarrhea, normal colonoscopy findings, and mucosal inflammation in colonic biopsies and can be classified as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). However, the pathogenesis of MC is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to study mast cell counts and activation in MC. Read More

Gut 2020 Feb 28. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.

Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC) encompasses the two histopathological distinct entities of collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). In this Danish population-based cohort study, we examined the risk of MC following stool culture with , , non-typhoidal or a culture-negative stool test.

Design: We identified patients with a first-time positive stool culture with , , non-typhoidal or negative stool test, from 2009 through 2013 in North Denmark Region, Denmark, and matched each with 10 population comparisons. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Feb 25. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Lymphocytic and collagenous colitis are types of microscopic colitis (MC) that commonly cause chronic watery diarrhea, but there are no macroscopic features of MC that can be detected during colonoscopy. Endoscopists therefore often collect multiple random colonic biopsies, potentially oversampling, increasing times of colonoscopy and slide review. We sought to identify sites from which biopsies could be taken and analyzed to identify patients with MC with a high level of sensitivity and determine the appropriate number of biopsies to take at these sites. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7. Epub 2020 Jan 31.

Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Feb 15. Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Inform Diagnostics, Irving, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

In a previous study, we found a variety of inverse associations between the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the occurrence of various forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as microscopic colitis (MC) and its 2 subtypes of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. Two recent studies suggested a 5-fold increase in the occurrence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) among IBD patients. The aim of the present study was to confirm these positive associations between EoE and IBD. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2020 Jan;112(1):53-58

Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, España.

Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea with a great impact on patient quality of life. Microscopic colitis includes two histological subtypes: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Due to the increasing incidence and awareness of this disease over the last decades, several international guidelines have been recently published. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2019 11 20;7(9):1234-1240. Epub 2019 Aug 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Background: Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic, watery diarrhoea. Microscopic colitis is usually effectively treated with budesonide, but some patients are refractory. Data on alternative treatments are sparse. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2019 11 12;7(9):1183-1188. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Department of Gastroenterology, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium.

Background: Budesonide has been proven to be an effective treatment for microscopic colitis (MC). However, the two current commercially available preparations are released in the ileum. Beclomethasone dipropionate (Clipper®) is a synthetic corticosteroid with topical colonic release. Read More

Hum Pathol 2020 02 5;96:87-95. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902 USA. Electronic address:

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may occasionally present with lymphocytic colitis/collagenous colitis (LC/CC) either before or after the onset of IBD. Although a few reports have described a small number of such cases, the relationship between these 2 disorders is still unclear. We evaluated 27 patients with diagnosis of either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn disease (CD) and LC/CC. Read More

Frontline Gastroenterol 2019 Oct 27;10(4):388-393. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic, non-bloody, watery diarrhoea in older patients. The diagnosis depends on characteristic histological findings. Bile acid malabsorption and autoimmune conditions, including coeliac disease, are more frequently found in patients with MC, but colorectal neoplasia and mortality are not increased. Read More

Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2019 09;10(9):e00071

Gastroenterology Unit, Epimad Registry, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.

Objectives: Data on long-term natural history of microscopic colitis (MC), including collagenous (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), are lacking.

Methods: All new cases of MC diagnosed in the Somme area, France, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007, were prospectively included. Colonic biopsies from all patients were reviewed by a group of 4 gastrointestinal pathologist experts to assess the diagnosis of CC or LC. Read More

Dig Liver Dis 2019 12 2;51(12):1646-1651. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Information on the use of fecal markers in microscopic colitis screening is limited.

Aim: To evaluate the risk variables associated with a diagnosis of microscopic colitis including fecal calprotectin.

Methods: Patients submitted for a colonoscopy due to chronic watery diarrhea fulfilling criteria of functional disease were evaluated. Read More

Histopathology 2020 Jan 13;76(2):233-243. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve survival across a range of malignancies but are also associated with a spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) immune-related adverse events (GI-irAEs). The aims of this study were to explore the diagnostic value of gastric and duodenal biopsies and to address considerations in the differential diagnosis.

Methods And Results: We identified 39 patients who were treated with ICIs and had a subsequent upper GI biopsy. Read More

Virchows Arch 2019 Nov 29;475(5):573-578. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Microscopic colitis (MC) includes lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Microscopic changes are required to establish these diagnoses. While criteria exist, interobserver variability has been reported previously. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Aug;31(8):919-927

Hull York Medical School, Hull.

Microscopic colitis (MC), encompassing lymphocytic and collagenous colitis, is a common cause for chronic nonbloody diarrhoea, which impacts significantly on the quality of life for patients. Despite increasing awareness of the condition and its treatment, there is considerable variation in therapeutic approaches. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of budesonide in the treatment of MC. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 22;54(4):446-452. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

a Department of Medicine , Section of Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital , Køge , Denmark.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the bowel, hypothetically induced by an immunologic response to a luminal microbial agent. We aimed to characterize the microbiome composition in MC and subtypes collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) and to identify a possible microbial effect of treatment. Stool samples were collected from MC patients prior to treatment, at 8 weeks (during treatment) and at 16 weeks (after treatment), and from healthy controls, not receiving treatment, at matched time-points. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019 06 15;49(11):1395-1400. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: Epidemiological studies of microscopic colitis have shown varying but increasing incidence rates.

Aim: To assess the incidence of microscopic colitis in Sweden.

Methods: Nationwide cohort study performed in 1995-2015 based on biopsy reports. Read More

Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019 27;12:111-120. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by nonbloody diarrhea in the setting of normal appearing colonic mucosa. MC has two main subtypes based on histopathologic features, collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Management of both subtypes is the same, with treatment goal of reducing the number of bowel movements and improving consistency. Read More

Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2018 Oct-Dec;38(4):345-348

Servicio Patología, Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Callao, Perú.

Introduction: Some authors have found increase of neuroendocrine cells in microscopic colitis and ulcerative colitis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of neuroendocrine cells in ulcerative colitis and lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis.

Materials And Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify neuroendocrine cells through marker chromogranin A (CgA). Read More

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 04;4(4):305-314

Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that frequently causes chronic watery diarrhoea that might be accompanied by abdominal pain, nocturnal diarrhoea, urgency, and faecal incontinence. These symptoms lead to poor quality of life and increased health-care costs. Diagnosis relies on histological examination of multiple biopsy samples from the colonic mucosa, which often show no or only few abnormalities on endoscopy. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2019 Feb 7;123:90-94. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address:

Collagenous colitis is a relatively rare disorder affecting mainly middle-aged women where they present with chronic non-bloody diarrhea. Both with lymphocytic colitis they compose microscopic colitis. The exact cause of collagenous colitis is still unknown however; many potential pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed but no convincing mechanism has been identified. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2019 Jan 5;19(1). Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Background: The long-term natural history of microscopic colitis (MC) (collagenous colitis (CC), lymphocytic colitis (LC)), traditionally considered relapsing but non-progressive diseases, is poorly defined. Whether persistent histologic inflammation in such diseases is associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) or extracolonic cancers has not been robustly established.

Methods: This retrospective cohort included diagnosed with MC at a referral center. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 Dec 2;53(12):1469-1475. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

a Department of Paediatrics , Örebro University Hospital , Örebro , Sweden.

Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC), encompassing collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), is a diagnosis which relies on histopathologic criteria. This report examines the validity of having a diagnosis of MC in Swedish pathology registers.

Methods: We reviewed patient charts from 215 randomly selected individuals from 15 pathology departments in five healthcare regions in Sweden with a relevant histopathology code for MC on colon biopsies. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 11 6;17(12):2523-2532.e1. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Obesity promotes intestinal inflammation and might contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We examined the association between obesity and risk of microscopic colitis in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: We collected data from 192,101 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (from 1986 through 2014) or the NHSII (from 1991 through 2015). Read More

Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2019 Mar 21;65(1):53-62. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette-SGAS Hospital, Turin, Italy -

Microscopic colitis (MC) is diagnosed in presence of microscopic alterations of colonic mucosa, in patients without macroscopic lesions who referred for chronic diarrhea. The two types of MC are lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC), but it is unclear whether these are the different expression of one unique disease or if they are distinct conditions. Today, although MC represents a consistent health problem, being responsible for a large part of gastroenterological consultations for diarrhea, it remains often underestimated. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2018;107(22):1195-1199

2 Zentrum für Gastroenterologie Hepatologie, Zürich-Altstetten.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is still an underestimated cause of chronic, non-bloody watery diarrhea. It is typically manifested in elderly patients with a female predominance. The incidence of microscopic colitis has been increasing. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2018 Nov 16;35(6):370-380. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Pathology, St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, CA 92835, United States. Electronic address:

The alimentary tract serves as host to a large number of diseases. In the non-neoplastic group of disorders, conventional histochemistry continues to play an important diagnostic role. It is particularly important in recognizing specific infectious diseases, such as Helicobacter gastritis, Whipple disease, intestinal tuberculosis and other forms of mycobacteriosis, malakoplakia, intestinal spirochetosis, fungal enteritides, amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, and microsporidiosis. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2019 Mar;13(3):337-340

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Evidence for second-line therapy in patients with microscopic colitis [MC] failing budesonide is scarce, although anti-tumour necrosis factors [anti-TNFs], methotrexate and azathioprine have been reported to be effective in small cohort studies. Vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting α4β7-integrin, prevents homing of T-cells to the gut. We evaluated clinical remission with vedolizumab in budesonide-refractory MC patients. Read More

Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018 13;11:1756284818799599. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Background: Fatigue is a well-recognized symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and has been associated with psychological comorbidity and impaired quality of life in both. However, features associated with fatigue in patients with microscopic colitis (MC) are less clear.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with a new diagnosis of MC including levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, quality of life, and IBS-type symptoms. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 01;114(1):127-134

Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Objective: Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea among the elderly. Although the prevalence of celiac disease appears to be higher in patients with microscopic colitis, the relationship between dietary gluten intake and risk of microscopic colitis among individuals without celiac disease has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 160,744 US women without celiac disease enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 12 23;155(6):1764-1775.e2. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Karolinska Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon primarily affecting postmenopausal women. However, the relation between hormonal determinants, including reproductive and menopausal factors, and risk of microscopic colitis has yet to be characterized.

Methods: We collected data from 227,766 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII without a baseline history of microscopic colitis. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018 09 23;48(6):618-625. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Background: Microscopic colitis causes chronic watery diarrhoea and has previously been associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors.

Aim: To explore the association between proton pump inhibitor use and microscopic colitis, including its dependency on timing, dose and choice of proton pump inhibitor.

Methods: Within a 10-year period, we identified 10 652 patients with a first-time diagnosis of microscopic colitis, including 6254 (59%) with collagenous colitis and 4398 (41%) with lymphocytic colitis. Read More

Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018 21;11:1756284818783600. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Background: Patients with microscopic colitis (MC) often present with abdominal pain and diarrhoea, and previous data suggest that there may be overlap between MC and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated the prevalence of IBS-type symptoms in patients with MC, and assess the impact of these symptoms on psychological health and quality of life.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of individuals with a histological diagnosis of MC, collecting demographic data, Rome III IBS-type symptoms, and mood, somatization, and quality of life data. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 Jun 26;7(1):116. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

GI Research Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,, AB25 2ZD, UK.

In recent years, an increasing number of Campylobacter species have been associated with human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Campylobacter concisus, an oral commensal historically linked to gingivitis and periodontitis, has been increasingly detected in the lower GI tract. In the present study, we generated robust genome sequence data from C. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 Jun - Jul;53(7):818-824. Epub 2018 May 31.

a Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Objective: The significantly higher incidence rates of microscopic colitis (MC) in Denmark compared to Sweden remains unexplained.

Methods: Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed MC in the neighbouring regions of Skåne in 2011-2015 and Zealand in 2010-2016 were prospectively identified. Data on large bowel endoscopies and biopsies rates were retrieved. Read More

Colorectal Dis 2018 11 7;20(11):1020-1027. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.

Aim: We report clinicopathological experience of microscopic colitis (MC) in a population-based case series in Northern Ireland over a 9-year period.

Method: The pathology laboratory information system within a large teaching centre serving two healthcare trusts was interrogated for cases coded between 2008 and 2016 as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). Demographic, clinical and follow-up information was collected from healthcare records. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2018 Feb;6(3):69

Digital Pathology, Visiopharm, Hørsholm, Denmark.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing a triad of chronic diarrhea, normal endoscopy and characteristic histological findings. MC embraces two histological subtypes described as lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). The diagnostic criteria of MC were established several years ago and the histological description of LC and CC was based almost exclusively on heamatoxylin-eosin (HE) stained sections. Read More

Colorectal Dis 2018 09 24;20(9):813-820. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Miraca Life Sciences, Irving, TX, USA.

Aim: Previous studies have found an increased risk for microscopic colitis (MC) associated with proton pump inhibitors. In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), proton pump inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk for IBD flares and impaired outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the epidemiological associations between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and MC, UC or CD in a large database. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Mar 30. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK.

Oral budesonide is a second-generation steroid that allows local, selective treatment of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, minimizing systemic exposure. The results of randomized trials comparing budesonide versus placebo or active comparators have led to expert recommendations that budesonide be used to treat mild or moderate active ileocecal Crohn's disease, microscopic colitis (including both collagenous and lymphocytic colitis), ulcerative colitis, and non-cirrhotic autoimmune hepatitis. The mechanism of budesonide action obviates the need for dose tapering due to safety reasons after induction therapy. Read More

Hum Pathol 2018 07 27;77:80-87. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Electronic address:

Microscopic ileitis has been infrequently reported in the literature with the few reported cases usually associated with concurrent microscopic colitis. Having encountered a case of collagenous ileitis involving the diverted distal limb of a loop ileostomy and sparing the proximal limb, we examined additional cases of loop ileostomy, end ileostomy, colostomy, and the accompanying diverted colorectal segment for features of microscopic ileitis and colitis. A total of 101 cases of diverted and nondiverted enteric segments were examined from 37 loop ileostomies, 16 end ileostomies, and 12 colostomies status post-Hartmann's procedure. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 04 16;53(4):410-416. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

a Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden.

Objectives: Onset of microscopic colitis (MC) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), or vice versa, has been reported occasionally but the subject is not well described. We therefore report a retrospective observational study of such patients and review the literature.

Methods: Forty-six Swedish gastroenterology clinics were contacted about patients with diagnoses of both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and MC. Read More