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Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Pain Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: This study aimed to determine the predictive factors affecting the success of ganglion impar block applied in chronic coccygodynia.

Methods: Patients who received ganglion impar block to treat coccygodynia between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2021 were retrospectively screened. Of the 195 patients, 102 met the final analysis criteria and were included in the study. Read More

Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2022 ;89(2):158-163

Neurochirurgická klinika Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc.

Coccygodynia, or tailbone pain, is the most common in women after trauma (complicated childbirth, fall). This pain can be treated conservatively (by using analgesics, local injections, physiotherapy) or by surgical coccygectomy. In the presented article, a set of five female patients is evaluated, in whom, after the failing conservative therapy, coccygectomy was indicated for persistent coccygodynia. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022 Jul 23;101(7):e108-e109. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan (W-TW, Y-CH, K-VC); Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (KV-C); and Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey (LÖ).

Int J Spine Surg 2022 Feb 17;16(1):11-19. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

Background: Prior studies of coccygectomy consist of small patient groups, heterogeneous techniques, and high wound complication rates (up to 22%). This study investigates our institution's experience with coccygectomy using a novel "off-center" wound closure technique and analyzes prognostic factors for long-term successful clinical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who underwent coccygectomy from 2006 to 2019 at a single center. Read More

HSS J 2022 Feb 4;18(1):110-115. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Coccygodynia has been described as a disabling pain in the coccyx usually associated with sitting or with changing position from a sitting to a standing position. Pain may radiate to the sacrum, to the lumbar spine, or laterally to the buttocks. Treatment has rarely been studied in the adolescent population. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Feb 15;74:103247. Epub 2022 Jan 15.

Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Introduction: Mixed germ cell tumors are uncommon tumors that contain two or more types of malignant, primitive, or germ cell components. This study aims to report a rare case of extragonadal mixed germ cell tumor of the sacrococcygeal area.

Case Report: A 4-year-old female presented with lower back swelling for two weeks. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022 04 10;47(4):259-262. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Introduction: Coccydynia is a multifactorial complex clinical challenge. A multimodal approach with both conservative measures and procedural interventions is often recommended. We described a novel approach of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the management of coccydynia. Read More

Korean J Pain 2022 Jan;35(1):106-113

Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Coccygodynia is one of the chronic, refractory painful musculoskeletal disorders. Interventional procedures are applied to patients unresponsive to initial treatment in coccygodynia. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes of ganglion impar block (GIB) and caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) in patients with chronic coccygodynia. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2021 Oct 5;10(10):3738-3747. Epub 2021 Nov 5.

Independent Public Health Researcher, Dehradun, India.

Introduction: Pregnancy brings about many changes in mothers' body which continue even after the baby is born. After a vaginal delivery, taking good care of the mother is an essential part of postpartum care and to maintain overall fitness.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of a physiotherapeutic intervention to improve the maternity fitness of Indian women. Read More

Cureus 2021 Nov 18;13(11):e19687. Epub 2021 Nov 18.

Radiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, TUR.

Introduction The coccyx is well-known to be a highly variable structure considering its morphology. To our knowledge, the relationship between the coccygeal types and other morphological features has not been studied yet. In addition to the interrelations among morphological parameters, this study investigated the morphology and morphometry of coccyx more extensively in the adult Turkish population using computerized tomography images. Read More

Global Spine J 2021 Dec 18:21925682211065389. Epub 2021 Dec 18.

Center for Spine Surgery & Research, 298597Middelfart Hospital, Østre Hougvej, Denmark.

Study Design: Systematic Review.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of available treatment options for patients with persistent coccydynia through a systematic review.

Methods: Original peer-reviewed publications on treatment for coccydynia were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines by performing a literature search of relevant databases, from their inception to January 17, 2020, combined with other sources. Read More

Wounds 2021 Sep;33(9):226-230

Inonu University, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Malatya, Turkey.

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis results in progressive destruction of the fascia and overlying tissue. Mortality primarily depends upon the timing of medical care and the extent of infection.

Objective: This article presents a case series of thigh abscesses originating from intra-abdominal pathologic conditions and progressing to necrotizing fasciitis due to delayed diagnosis. Read More

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2021 Oct 28;56(5):558-566. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

Department of Orthopaedics, Instituto de Ciências Médicas da Índia (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Índia.

Nearly 90% of cases of coccydynia can be managed with conservative medical treatment; the remaining 10% need other invasive modalities for pain relief, such as ganglion impar block (GIB) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the ganglion impar. A systematic research was conducted of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting pain relief in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), or its counterparts, following GIB or RFA in coccydynia patients with the purpose to determine the efficacy of GIB and RFA of the ganglion impar in controlling pain in coccydynia patients. Seven studies were delineated, with a total of 189 patients (104 in GIB group and 85 in RFA group). Read More

Eur Spine J 2022 01 25;31(1):176-189. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, MC 8855, USA.

Purpose: We sought to systematically assess and summarize the available literature on outcomes following coccygectomy for refractory coccygodynia.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data concerning patient demographics, validated patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for pain relief, disability outcomes, complications, and reoperation rates were extracted and analyzed. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2022 Jan;88(1):79-83

Departments of Plastic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Background: The plastic surgeon is often asked to reconstruct the sacral area related to pilonidal cysts or a tumor, or after other surgery, such as coccygectomy. When sitting pain is not due to the pudendal or posterior femoral cutaneous nerve injury, the anococcygeal nerve (ACN) must be considered. Clinically, its anatomy is not well known. Read More

PM R 2021 Sep 17. Epub 2021 Sep 17.

Department of Medical and Surgical Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Background: Coccygodynia is a painful condition of the tailbone that occurs more commonly in females. The association of coccyx pain with pelvic floor symptoms and the prevalence of coccyx pain in women with pelvic pain has not previously been reported.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of coccygodynia in women with pelvic pain and to describe the association of coccygodynia with pelvic floor examination findings and symptoms. Read More

Eur Spine J 2022 01 8;31(1):10-17. Epub 2021 Sep 8.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany.

Background: Treatment of coccygodynia is still a challenging entity. Clear surgical selection criteria are still lacking. The aim of the investigation was to establish a novel radiological classification for surgical decision-making in coccygodynia cases. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022 May 30;47(10):E442-E447. Epub 2021 Aug 30.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this article was to evaluate the results of patients operated for chronic coccydynia, and determine any factors that could affect outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with coccydynia who do not respond to conservative treatment will often profit from coccygectomy. Read More

Trials 2021 Aug 30;22(1):580. Epub 2021 Aug 30.

Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Background: Stress fractures are a common and potentially debilitating overuse injury to bone and occur frequently among military recruits and athletes. Recovery from a lower body stress fracture typically requires several weeks of physical rehabilitation. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of the bioactive portion of parathyroid hormone (1-34 amino acids), is used to treat osteoporosis, prevent osteoporotic fractures, and enhance fracture healing due to its net anabolic effect on bone. Read More

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2022 04 25;226(2):104-111. Epub 2021 Aug 25.

Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Franziskus-Hospital Ahlen, Ahlen, Germany.

Aim: To evaluate low back pain (LBP) incidence and impact throughout pregnancy in terms of women's well-being and delivery outcomes.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional prospective study conducted on singleton pregnancies at ≥37th gestational age admitted for delivery. Localization of LBP, intensity and frequency as well as derived functional disability status were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire. Read More

Trauma Case Rep 2021 Oct 3;35:100514. Epub 2021 Aug 3.

Creighton University School of Medicine Department of Radiology, 7710 Mercy Rd. Suite 502, Omaha, NE 68124, United States of America.

The investigation of embedded soft tissue foreign bodies relies heavily on radiological imaging. The prompt identification of these objects is critical as retained foreign bodies may lead to serious infection or chronic debilitating pain depending on anatomical location. In this report, we present a case of a radiographically occult traumatically implanted foreign body in a 15-year-old female after a high-speed motor vehicle accident. Read More

PM R 2021 Aug 1. Epub 2021 Aug 1.

International Spine, Pain & Performance Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Pain that develops in the coccyx or surrounding tissues is known as coccydynia, which occurs as a result of many etiologies both traumatic and nontraumatic. Although coccydynia most commonly affects middle-aged women, it may be found in both sexes and in all age groups. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the presentation, diagnostic imaging, and pathophysiology of coccydynia, and to comprehensively review the current treatment options. Read More

Bone Jt Open 2021 Jul;2(7):540-544

Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor outcome following coccygectomy on patients with chronic coccydynia and instability of the coccyx.

Methods: From the Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, 134 consecutive patients were identified from a single centre who had coccygectomy from 2011 to 2019. Patient demographic data and patient-reported outcomes, including pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire, and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were obtained at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Read More

Eur Spine J 2021 10 3;30(10):3009-3018. Epub 2021 Jul 3.

Hôpital Cochin, Service de Rééducation Et de Réadaptation de L'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, AP-HP. Centre-Université de Paris, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.

Purpose: To describe long-term outcomes of conservative treatment for chronic coccydynia.

Methods: We conducted a 36-month prospective observational study. Adults with chronic coccydynia (> 2 months) were included. Read More

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2021 Jan-Mar;37(1):90-96. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Orthopaedics, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Background And Aims: Coccygodynia or Coccydynia is pain in the area of coccyx and ganglion impar block is commonly used technique for treatment of coccygodynia.

Material And Methods: Forty patients of either sex in the age group of 20-70 years suffering from coccygodynia, who failed to respond to six weeks of conservative treatment were enrolled in the study. All patients were subjected to detailed clinical history, examination in the Pain Management Centre (Pain Clinic) of our Institute and imaging studies were reviewed. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022 05 7;101(5):417-422. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

From the Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (TA, GR, SS, BF), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SH), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) emerged recently for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions owing to its regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the aim was to compare the efficacies of ESWT and steroid injection in patients with coccydynia.

Design: Thirty-four patients with coccydynia were randomized into two groups. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2021 Mar-Apr;26(2):102-106. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Aims: Coccygodynia (also known as coccydynia and coccyalgia) described for the first time by Simpson in 1859. It is a disabling pain in the coccyx usually provoked by sitting or changing position from a sitting to a standing position. Treatment started with adjustment of ergonomics as specialized cushion for sitting, application of local heat, and oral analgesics. Read More

Basic Clin Neurosci 2020 Nov-Dec;11(6):753-763. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Pelvic floor muscles dysfunction is one of the most important etiologies of coccydynia; therefore, manual therapies have been proposed as the first line of treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biofeedback as a new approach in the treatment of coccydynia.

Methods: Thirty women were randomized into two groups. Read More

J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021 Jan 24;12(1):123-129. Epub 2020 Sep 24.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.

Coccydynia is a disabling condition characterized by pain in the coccyx region of the spine. The first description of the disease was given in as early as 1859. Since then a number of theories have been proposed by various researchers to explain the pathogenesis of the disease. Read More

Bone Joint J 2021 Mar;103-B(3):542-546

Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Sygehus Lillebælt Middelfart Sygehus, Middelfart, Denmark.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability.

Methods: The Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, was used to identify 134 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2019. Routine demographic data, surgical variables, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 to 100) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were collected at baseline and one-year postoperatively. Read More