Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Hosp Med 2019 Feb 20;14:E1-E4. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Rockville, Maryland.

For more than 20 years, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program has been identifying and synthesizing evidence to inform evidence-based healthcare. Recognizing that many healthcare settings continue to face challenges in disseminating and implementing evidence into practice, AHRQ's EPC program has also embarked on initiatives to facilitate the translation of evidence into practice and to measure and monitor how practice changes impact health outcomes. The program has structured its efforts around the three phases of the Learning Healthcare System cycle: knowledge, practice, and data. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 11;8:32. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) affect patients in acute-care hospitals worldwide. No systematic review has been published on adoption and implementation of the infection prevention and control (IPC) key components. The objective of this systematic review was to assess adoption and implementation of the three areas issued by the "National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China" in acute-care hospitals in Mainland China, and to compare the findings with the key and core components on effective IPC, issued by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Read More

Clin Ter 2019 Jan-Feb;170(1):e41-e47

Section of Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University of Bari " Aldo Moro", Bari - UOC Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Policlinico of Bari, Bari.

Clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. The main virulence factors of C. difficile are the toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Read More

Am J Infect Control 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of community-onset and healthcare-associated infection, with high recurrence rates, and associated high morbidity and mortality. We report national rates, leading causes, and predictors of hospital readmission for CDI.

Methods: Retrospective study of data from the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database of patients with a primary diagnosis of CDI and re-hospitalization within 30-days. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Internal Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objectives: The role of asymptomatic carriers in CDI epidemiology is not fully understood. Our aim was to evaluate CD carriage prevalence on admission, associated risk factors and the risk to develop CDI.

Methods: A ten-week surveillance program for CD carriage of all medical patients admitted to the Sheba Medical Center was implemented, utilizing admission rectal swab PCR (Xpert C. Read More

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Feb 15:1-5. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Internal Medicine,University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,Iowa City, Iowa.

Objective: To characterize healthcare provider diagnostic testing practices for identifying Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) and asymptomatic carriage in children.

Design: Electronic survey.

Methods: An 11-question survey was sent by e-mail or facsimile to all pediatric infectious diseases (PID) members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Emerging Infections Network (EIN). Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

3 Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Background: Hospital over-capacity often forces boarding patients outside of their designated intensive care unit (ICU). Anecdotal evidence suggested medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients boarding in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) were responsible for increases in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates. We studied the effect of ICU boarding on rates of SICU HAIs. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

We report a case of community-acquired fulminant colitis caused by Clostridium difficile in Japan. A 46-year-old woman was diagnosed with severe infectious enterocolitis and was admitted at another hospital. The stool culture was positive for toxigenic C. Read More

Fed Pract 2018 Jun;35(6):44-46

is a Staff Hospitalist at George E. Wahlen VAMC. is a Gastroenterology Fellow at the University of Utah School of Medicine, and Dr. Cowan is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utah Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, both in Salt Lake City.

This case reinforces the need to consider infectious disease as a possible cause of constipation for a patient on opioids. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 14;9(1):2077. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD 198, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

The association between Clostridium species identification from stool samples in preterm neonates and the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis has been increasingly reported. To confirm the specific impact of Clostridium butyricum in this pathology, selective culture procedure was used for Clostridia isolation. Whole-genome analysis was employed to investigate genomic relationships between isolates. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):384-391. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Background/aim: Clostridium difficile is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections and has become a major public health concern in developed nations. In the present study, the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of toxigenic C. difficile strains isolated in Iran were investigated. Read More

Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

d R M Alden Research Laboratory , Santa Monica , CA 90404 , USA.

Introduction: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection (CDI) is an urgent global threat causing ~500,000 infections annually in the United States of America (USA) and is associated with a 36% 30-day attributable mortality rate. Despite the availability of three therapeutic agents, CDI recurrence occurs in 20-40% of patients, with a 30-40% second recurrence rate in these patients. Consequently, there is a need for novel agents for treating CDI. Read More

Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek 2018 Jun;24(2):57-64

Department of Inectious Diseases, 3rd Medical faculty, Charles University, Prague, Hospital na Bulovce, Czech Republic, e-mail:

We present a case of a 17-year-old female with anti-NMDAR encephalitis probably associated with vaccination against yellow fever. Her symptoms occurred 27 days after vaccination against yellow fever. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis manifested as acute psychosis, memory loss and catatonia following fever with complex partial epileptic seizures. Read More

Folia Med Cracov 2018 ;58(4):105-116

Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków; University Hospital in Kraków, Poland.

Introduction: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, widely spread in the human environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have been increasing, making this particular disease one of the most significant nosocomial infections. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11;19(1):133. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Focused Research Unit in Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, DK-6200, Aabenraa, Denmark.

Background: Infectious gastroenteritis is common in the emergency department (ED). Patients infected with either Norovirus or toxigenic Clostridium difficile require special isolation procedures. The aims were to describe the aetiology of infectious gastroenteritis in the ED, evaluate whether current isolation procedures, based on clinical judgement are sufficient, and to identify information that might be used to identify patients requiring isolation. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Service de Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of non-carbapenem antibiotics to treat severe extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study conducted in 2 ICUs compared outcomes of patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections administered a carbapenem or a non-carbapenem antibiotic as their definitive treatment. The primary outcome was treatment failure within 30 days, a composite endpoint of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae-infection recurrence and day-30 mortality. Read More

J Clin Gastroenterol 2019 Mar;53 Suppl 1:S1-S41

Department of Gastroenterology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and in medium containing bile, and to adhere to enterocytes. Furthermore LGG is able to produces both a biofilm that can mechanically protect the mucosa, and different soluble factors beneficial to the gut by enhancing intestinal crypt survival, diminishing apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium, and preserving cytoskeletal integrity. Moreover LGG thanks to its lectin-like protein 1 and 2 inhibits some pathogens such as Salmonella species. Read More

Crit Care Med 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, France.

Objectives: Neutropenic enterocolitis occurs in about 5.3% of patients hospitalized for hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Data from critically ill patients with neutropenic enterocolitis are scarce. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2019 Mar 31;28:6-10. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Aix-Marseille Université UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD 198, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

Using the strategy of taxonogenomics, we described sp. nov. strain Marseille-P3100, a Gram-variable, nonmotile, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus. Read More

Intest Res 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.

Background/aims: : Optimal management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with concomitant Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is controversial, especially when CDI diagnosis is made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, which may reflect colonization without infection.

Methods: We performed a multicenter review of all inpatients with IBD and PCR diagnosed CDI. Outcomes included length of stay, 30- and 90-day readmission, colectomy during admission and within 3 months, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, CDI relapse and death for patients who received CS after CDI diagnosis versus those that did not. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Background: In 2017, our hospital was identified as a "High Outlier" for postoperative Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in the American College of Surgeons NSQIP semi-annual report. The Department of Surgery initiated an CDI Task Force with representation from Surgery, Infectious Disease, Pharmacy, and Performance Services to analyze available data, identify opportunities for improvement, and implement strategies to reduce CDI.

Study Design: Strategies to reduce CDI were reviewed from the literature and multi-disciplinary strategies were initiated. Read More

Haematologica 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Hematology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.

Fecal microbiota transplantation is an effective treatment in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Promising results to eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria have also been reported with this procedure, but there are safety concerns in immunocompromised patients. We report results in 10 adult patients colonized with multidrug-resistant bacteria, undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation before (n=4) or after (n=6) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Infection Control, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address:

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. Antibiotic stewardship, environmental disinfection, and reduction of transmission via health care workers are the major modes of CDI prevention within hospitals.

Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the environment in the spread of CDI within hospital rooms. Read More

JAMA 2019 02;321(5):513

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

JAMA 2019 02;321(5):512-513

Hines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois.

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Background: Current guidelines for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) recommend vancomycin enemas for patients with adynamic ileus. There is significant variability in guideline recommendations for vancomycin dose and enema volume and whether a retention enema should be used. The most recent (2017) guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America recommend rectal instillation of 500 mg of vancomycin in 100 mL of physiologic saline every 6 hours as a retention enema. Read More

Am J Surg 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986246 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6246, USA; Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, Nebraska Medical Center, 985126 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6245, USA. Electronic address:

Background: We aim to investigate the effects of delaying surgery on outcomes and cost in patients admitted with severe clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Methods: The Vizient database was queried for patients with CDI who underwent open total abdominal colectomy (TAC). Patients operated on the day of admission were excluded. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Dept of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Objectives: Clostridium difficile is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The accumulation of antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile strains can drive Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) epidemiology. Read More

Methods 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Serological assays detecting antibodies in serum or plasma samples are useful and versatile instruments to investigate an individual's infection and vaccination history, e.g. for clinical diagnosis, personal risk evaluation, and seroepidemiological studies. Read More

Ter Arkh 2018 Nov;90(11):32-36

A.S. Loginov Moscow Сlinical Scientific Сenter, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To study epidemiology and risk factors for Clostridium infection (CDI) associated with Clostridium difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Materials And Methods: 1179 medical records were analyzed in a retrospective study of patients with IBD, of which 764 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of a preliminary diagnosis of CDI. Read More

mSphere 2019 01 30;4(1). Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

() , a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, is the leading single cause of nosocomial infections in the United States. A major risk factor for infection (CDI) is prior exposure to antibiotics, as they increase susceptibility to CDI by altering the membership of the microbial community enabling colonization. The importance of the gut microbiota in providing protection from CDI is underscored by the reported 80 to 90% success rate of fecal microbial transplants in treating recurrent infections. Read More

FASEB J 2019 Jan 30:fj201802453R. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.

The antibiotic bacitracin (Bac) inhibits cell wall synthesis of gram-positive bacteria. Here, we discovered a totally different activity of Bac: the neutralization of bacterial exotoxins. Bac prevented intoxication of mammalian cells with the binary enterotoxins Clostridium botulinum C2, C. Read More

JAAPA 2019 Feb;32(2):48-50

Margaret Rancich is a student in the PA program at Butler University in Indianapolis, Ind. Christopher Roman is an assistant professor in the PA program at Butler University. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

The updated Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines for managing Clostridium difficile infections remove metronidazole as first-line therapy and add fecal microbiota transplants to the treatment options. This article reviews the new guidelines and strategies for diagnosis and infection control. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is the most common causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. This spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus is becoming responsible for an increasing number of infections worldwide, both in community and in hospital settings, whose severity can vary widely from an asymptomatic infection to a lethal disease. Read More

North Clin Istanb 2018 Sep;5(3):256-260

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence and severity of CDI in IBD has shown an increasing trend in the last two decades. Patients with IBD are predisposed to CDI secondary to the recurrent use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants and secondary to dysbiosis. Read More

Ann Surg 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Colorectal Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA.

MINI: We began a quality improvement project distributing free Surgical Site Infection Prevention Kits (SSIPK) to all patients undergoing elective colectomy. Patients who received the kit, compared to propensity matched controls who did not receive the kit, had fewer postoperative surgical site infections, lower rates of postoperative ileus, shorter hospital lengths of stay, and fewer readmissions.

Introduction: Patient compliance with preoperative mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation, skin washes, carbohydrate loading, and avoidance of fasting are key components of successful colorectal ERAS and surgical site infection (SSI)-reduction programs. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address:

Background: To minimize Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) incidence which can be life-threatening, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) have often been recommended as a viable solution. Our study aims to evaluate whether ASP interventions have contributed to reducing CDI rates.

Methods: A retrospective review of ASP interventions issued from January 2013 to April 2014 was performed using data from the ASP database of Singapore General Hospital (SGH), a 1600-bed tertiary-care hospital. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Jan 22;80:105-110. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.

Background: Clostridium Difficile Infections (CDIs) have been increasing both in incidence and in severity, representing a big public health concern.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a recently implemented Critical Pathway (CP) focused on patients with CDI in an Italian Teaching Hospital.

Methods: The CP implementation consisted of intervention aimed to faster diagnosis and appropriateness in admission and discharge point of care; activation of a multidisciplinary team; staff training; information to patients and caregivers. Read More

Med Lett Drugs Ther 2018 Nov;60(1559):180-182

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 14;8:12. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

8Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.

Background: infection (CDI) is known as one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of in the stool of hospitalized patients with diarrhea as well as in their environments.

Methods: isolates were characterized according to the presence of toxin genes and antibiotic resistance. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2018 Oct;10(5):287-293

Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Background And Objectives: is responsible for 15-25% of nosocomial antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) cases and all cases of pseudomembranous colitis. has two major virulence factors, toxin A (enterotoxin) and toxin B (cytotoxin). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of strains in patients with diarrhea in Babol' hospitals with toxigenic culture and PCR assay. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2018 Aug 23. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison.

Background: Community-onset Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are increasingly common, but there is little data on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of CDI in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system and compare these variables between hospital-onset (HCF) and community-onset (CO) cases.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients with a positive test for C. Read More

Elife 2019 Jan 22;8. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.

To identify factors that regulate gut microbiota density and the impact of varied microbiota density on health, we assayed this fundamental ecosystem property in fecal samples across mammals, human disease, and therapeutic interventions. Physiologic features of the host (carrying capacity) and the fitness of the gut microbiota shape microbiota density. Therapeutic manipulation of microbiota density in mice altered host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Jan 21:e27604. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.

Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric oncology patients is complex as diarrhea is common, and there is a high rate of colonization in infants and young children. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Regions most affected by diarrhea are the sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asia, where antibiotics are in common use and can make children more vulnerable to Clostridium difficile and pathogens which are not affected by these drugs. Indeed, Clostridium difficile is a major diarrhea-associated pathogen and poses a significant threat to vulnerable and immunocompromised populations. Read More

IDCases 2019 2;15:e00481. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Infectious Disease, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701, USA.

Of the 200 spp. known to exist, approximately 30 have been associated with human disease. Commonly found in soil, marine sediment and mammalian intestinal tracts, these gram-positive bacilli are known to cause infections ranging from cellulitis to septicemia. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 17;9(1):158. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.

Drug resistant bacteria are winning the fight over antibiotics with some bacteria not responding to any antibiotics, threatening modern medicine as we know it. The development of new, effective and safe antibiotics is critical for addressing this issue. Ramizol, a first-in-class styrylbenzene based antibiotic, is an investigational drug indicated for Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). Read More

Acute Med Surg 2019 Jan 24;6(1):78-82. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan.

Case: We describe a rare case of antibiotic-associated fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by . A 79-year-old man with a history of antibiotic therapy was admitted to our emergency department, complaining of consciousness disturbance. Initially, we suspected septic shock and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by intestinal infection. Read More

Clin Transl Allergy 2019 15;9. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

10Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Background: Here we report follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, which investigated fecal microbiota changes with a new amino acid-based formula (AAF) including synbiotics in infants with non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA).

Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive test product (AAF including fructo-oligosaccharides and M-16V) or control product (AAF) for 8 weeks, after which infants could continue study product until 26 weeks. Fecal percentages of bifidobacteria and / group () were assessed at 0, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Read More