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Acute Med Surg 2020 Jan-Dec;7(1):e613. Epub 2020 Dec 12.

Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan.

Background: During a heat stroke, microvascular injury may occur as a result of thermal damage and systemic hypoperfusion. We present a case of an older woman who experienced emphysematous cholecystitis during a treatment of heat stroke.

Case Presentation: A 91-year-old woman presented unconscious with a blood pressure, pulse, and core temperature of 73/48 mmHg, 135 bpm, and 39. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2020 Nov 19. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Background: Administration of antibiotics within an hour of incision is a common quality metric for reduction of surgical site infections (SSI). Many pediatric patients who undergo surgery for an acute intraabdominal infection are already receiving treatment antibiotics. For these patients, we hypothesized that additional prophylactic antibiotic coverage would not decrease rates of SSI. Read More

Microorganisms 2020 Jun 2;8(6). Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia.

Gallstone disease (GSD) has, for many years, remained a high-cost, socially significant public health problem. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been carried out-both in humans and in animal models-confirming the role of the microbiota in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract as a new link in the etiopathogenesis of GSD. The microbiome of bile correlates with the bacterial composition of saliva, and the microbiome of the biliary tract has a high similarity with the microbiota of the duodenum. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 27;67:86-90. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Subphrenic abscess caused by Clostridium perfringens is rare after hepatic resection. We herein report such a case after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma following treatment of emphysematous cholecystitis.

Case Presentation: A 69-years-old man with chronic hepatitis B, was admitted to our hospital for right subcostal pain and loss of appetite. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2019 26;33:253. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Université de Lubumbashi, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Chirurgie, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo.

Introduction: sickle cell disease is a genetic disease with autosomal inheritance associated with haemoglobin structure abnormality which causes the formation of hemoglobin S. The purpose of our study was to collect data on digestive diseases in patients with sickle cell disease in Lubumbashi and to highlight their epidemiological and clinical features.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study at the Research Center for Sickle Cell Disease in Lubumbashi. Read More

Cureus 2019 Jul 22;11(7):e5193. Epub 2019 Jul 22.

Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.

It is rare for acalculous cholecystitis to present with symptoms outside the abdomen; hence, making its diagnosis can be a challenge. We report a case of a 77-year-old male, with a relevant past medical history of left knee arthroplasty two years prior, who presented with left knee pain and swelling. Cultures from the arthrocentesis grew , which led to a search for the source of infection. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2019 16;84:e41-e45. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Purpose: Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is an uncommon, severe variant of acute cholecystitis caused by gas- forming bacteria - most often and . We present a deceptive case of EC associated with retroperitoneal gas gangrene and emphysematous pancreatitis.

Case Report: An 86-year-old, overweight woman was admitted to the emergency department with non-specific abdominal symptoms. Read More

Am J Surg 2019 03 29;217(3):485-489. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Geisinger Medical Center, USA.

Background: Current guidelines do not specifically address optimal antibiotic duration following cholecystostomy. This study compares outcomes for short-course (<7 days) and long-course (≥7 days) antibiotics post-cholecystostomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of cholecystostomy patients (≥18 years) admitted (1/1/2007-12/31/2017) to one healthcare system. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2018 Jun 21;162. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Den Haag.

Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare presentation of cholecystitis and is caused by gas producing bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella species or Escherichia coli. We describe a fatal case of a 82-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and acute confusion. An ultrasound and subsequent CT scan showed emphysematous cholecystitis. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2017 21;2017:1971457. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.

A 45-year-old woman with suspected Functional Biliary Sphincter Disorder (FBSD) developed related emphysematous cholecystitis after ERCP. A low index of suspicion for emphysematous cholecystitis in this young, otherwise healthy woman led to a significant delay in making the correct diagnosis, and air in the gallbladder was wrongly attributed to a possible gallbladder perforation. ERCP is associated with significant risks, particularly in patients with FBSD, where diagnostic uncertainty renders the balance of risk versus benefit even more critical. Read More

J Visc Surg 2016 11 31;153(5):395-397. Epub 2016 May 31.

Service de chirurgie digestive et vasculaire, centre hospitalier Dax-Côte d'Argent, boulevard Yves-du-Manoir, BP323, 40100 Dax cedex, France. Electronic address:

Acta Chir Belg 2016 Feb;116(1):54-7

a Department of Surgery , Laurentius Hospital, Roermond , The Netherlands.

Emphysematous Cholecystitis is life threatening if left untreated. It is associated with arteriosclerosis, embolic events, and diabetes mellitus. In this report, a patient was presented with an early diagnosis of Emphysematous Cholecystitis and was treated by cholecystectomy without complications. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul 20;30(4):1046-55. Epub 2016 May 20.

School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Bacterial cholangitis and cholecystitis are rarely reported, poorly characterized diseases in the dog.

Objectives: To characterize the clinical features of these conditions.

Animals: Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Feb 11;2016. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.

An 86-year-old man presented with severe pain in the upper abdomen along with fever. On physical examination, we found an arterial blood pressure of 84/43 mm Hg, a heart rate of 80 bpm and a temperature of 38.3°C. Read More

Case Rep Med 2015 1;2015:523402. Epub 2015 Jul 1.

Internal Medicine Residency of Spokane, University of Washington Medical School, Spokane, WA 99204, USA.

Context. Clostridium perfringens septicemia is often associated with translocation from the gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tract and occurs in patients who have malignancy or are immunocompromised. Clostridium perfringens septicemia is usually fatal without early identification, source control, and antibiotics. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2015 Sep 27;21(9):851.e1-9. Epub 2015 May 27.

Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. Electronic address:

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most common surgical diseases. Bacterial infection accounts for 50% to 85% of the disease's onset. Since there is a close relationship between the biliary system and the gut, the aims of this study were to characterize and determine the influence of gut microbiota on AC, to detect the pathogenic microorganism in the biliary system, and to explore the relationship between the gut and bile microbiota of patients with AC. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2014 Sep-Dec;8(3):404-7. Epub 2014 Dec 24.

Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USA.

Emphysematous cholecystitis is an uncommon and dangerous complication of acute cholecystitis. Common risk factors for this disease include male gender, old age, presence of diabetes mellitus and cholelithiasis. The disease is best treated with emergent surgery and parenteral antibiotics. Read More

Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2014 Dec 26;107(5):299-301. Epub 2014 Aug 26.

Allée des Topazes, Centre hospitalier universitaire de La Réunion, site Félix Guyon, CS 11021, 97400, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France,

We report two cases of septic shocks due to Salmonella non typhi infection on sickle cell patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Such patients should enforce food hygiene measures, especially under tropical settings, to avoid potentially deadly severe infections. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2014 Feb;94(1):1-30

Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, CPZ 810, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address:

Infectious and inflammatory diseases comprise some of the most common gastrointestinal disorders resulting in hospitalization in the United States. Accordingly, they occupy a significant proportion of the workload of the acute care surgeon. This article discusses the diagnosis, management, and treatment of appendicitis, acute cholecystitis/cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, diverticulitis, and Clostridium difficile colitis. Read More

Crit Care Clin 2013 Oct 16;29(4):1017-44. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street 16CC-044, Toronto, Ontario M5B1W8, Canada.

Patients in the setting of the intensive care unit can develop intra-abdominal complications that may worsen outcome. Clinical suspicion of such complications coupled with early diagnosis and treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these processes. This article addresses the diagnosis and management of some of the common causes of intra-abdominal catastrophes. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2013 Oct 8;1(1):51-4. Epub 2013 Oct 8.

Department of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

A 48-year-old female developed acute emphysematous cholecystitis after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for evaluation of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Cholecystectomy was performed 2 days later. Cultures grew Clostridium perfringens. Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2013 Oct 16;14(5):483-5. Epub 2013 Jul 16.

1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems , Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013 Jul;95(5):345-8

Cwm Taf Health Board, UK.

Introduction: It has been demonstrated previously that the identification of bactibilia during cholecystectomy is associated with the presence of one or more risk factors: acute cholecystitis, common duct stones, emergency surgery, intraoperative findings and age >70 years. Current evidence-based guidance on antibiotic prophylaxis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is based on elective procedures and does not take into account these factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a selective antibiotic prophylaxis policy limited to high risk patients undergoing LC with the development of port site infections as the primary endpoint. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2013 Jan;19(4):604-6

Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 1308575, Japan.

Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare variant of acute cholecystitis with a high mortality rate. The combination of emphysematous cholecystitis and pneumoperitoneum is also rare. We herein describe a case of emphysematous cholecystitis with massive gas in the abdominal cavity. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2012 ;42(2):162-4

Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Here we describe a case of Clostridia glycolicum (C. glycolicum) bacteremia in a bed-ridden elderly man with chronic illnesses. The bacterium was identified by the Remel RapID ANA II System. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012 Oct 4;45(5):390-2. Epub 2012 May 4.

Emergency Department, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.

Clostridium baratii bacteremia is a rare but severe anaerobic infection. Its major clinical features are neurological presentation, and significant risk factors include hemodialysis, intestinal disease or malignancy. We describe a case of emphysematous cholecystitis complicated by a liver abscess due to C baratii infection in a healthy adult without neurological manifestation. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2012 Jun 7;67(6):1537-9. Epub 2012 Mar 7.

VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of, and the variation in, avoidable use of metronidazole in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system

Methods: Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) data were retrospectively assessed for all patients hospitalized between January 2006 and December 2010 in acute-care wards of all VA medical centres (VAMCs) with complete BCMA data and at least 10 acute-care non-intensive care unit (ICU) beds. Potentially avoidable metronidazole days of therapy (DOT) were defined as the administration of metronidazole with another anti-anaerobic antibiotic on the same day for at least two consecutive days during the same hospitalization. Metronidazole was not considered redundant in combination with another anti-anaerobic agent within 28 days after a positive test for Clostridium difficile and during hospitalizations associated with discharge diagnosis codes for cholecystitis or cholangitis. Read More

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2011 Feb;58(2):129-31

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2010 May;57(5):314-6

Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Area Sanitaria de Ferrol, A Coruña.

Massive hemolysis secondary to sepsis caused by Clostridium perfringens is a rare entity but appears fairly often in the literature. In nearly all published reports, the clinical course is rapid and fatal. We describe the case of a 75-year-old woman with diabetes who was admitted with symptoms consistent with acute cholecystitis. Read More