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Can Respir J 2020 11;2020:4270826. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread, preventable, and treatable disease. Emphysema is one of the primary components of COPD and manifests itself via decrease in elastic recoil, hyperinflation, and increase in air trapping. Various lung-volume-reduction treatments have come up in recent years for late-stage emphysema patients. Read More

Mediators Inflamm 2020 8;2020:4260204. Epub 2020 May 8.

Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Read More

J Vis Exp 2020 May 11(159). Epub 2020 May 11.

Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;

Cigarette smoking is the major etiological cause for lung emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking also promotes susceptibility to bacterial infections in the respiratory system. However, the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial infections in human lung epithelial cells have yet to be thoroughly studied. Read More

Allergol Int 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

Background: The deterioration of pulmonary function, such as FEV-decline, is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few investigations shed light on useful biomarkers for predicting the decline of pulmonary function. We evaluated whether thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), a Th2 inflammation marker, could predict rapid FEV-decline in COPD patients. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 May 18;9(5). Epub 2020 May 18.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.

Background: Although a reduced carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (Kco) is an important feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), how it changes over time and its relationship with other clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluated longitudinal changes in Kco and their relationship with other clinical outcomes.

Methods: We evaluated patients with COPD from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort, followed up for up to ten years. Read More

Eur J Intern Med 2020 May 17. Epub 2020 May 17.

Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Cona Ferrara, Italy.

Cough, a defense mechanism for clearing the airways of secretions, exudate, or foreign bodies, may become a troublesome symptom. Chronic cough, one of the most frequent symptoms requiring medical attention, is often not due to identifiable causes in adults. Chronic productive cough defines chronic bronchitis, and thus is present in 100% of these patients, and frequently in patients with bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and chronic infectious respiratory diseases. Read More

Arch Pharm Res 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Currently available therapies for COPD mainly relieve symptoms and preserve lung function, suggesting the need to develop novel therapeutic or preventive regimens. Because chronic inflammation is a mechanism of emphysematous lesion formation and because adenosine A receptor signaling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulate inflammation, we investigated the effect of LJ-529, a selective adenosine A receptor agonist and partial PPARγ agonist, on inflammation in vitro and elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in vivo. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 May 19;10(1):8290. Epub 2020 May 19.

UPR Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Alpha1-antitrypsin (α1AT) is an abundant serine-protease inhibitor in circulation. It has an important role in neutralizing the neutrophil elastase activity. Different pathogenic point mutations like Z-α1AT have been implicated in the development of liver cirrhosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the latter being a cluster of progressive lung diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Read More

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020 May 12;201:105696. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Fusion of Regenerative Medicine With DDS, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan. Electronic address:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death worldwide. However, no drugs can regenerate lung tissue in COPD patients, and differentiation-inducing drugs that can effectively treat damaged alveoli are needed. In addition, the presence of systemic comorbidities is also considered problematic. Read More

Front Nutr 2020 21;7:47. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprising of emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common chronic respiratory diseases that impart a huge economic and clinical burden. Factors other than smoking and air pollutants can cause inflammation and emphysematous changes in the lung airspaces or alveoli have been understudied. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed the association of dark green vegetables, vitamin K and Vitamin A with emphysema status among adults at U. Read More

Clin Imaging 2020 Apr 20;64:85-91. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-001 Gdansk, Poland.

Emphysema is one of three main lung pathologies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, along with chronic bronchitis and small airway obstruction. The diagnosis is based on detection of low attenuation areas in lung tissue on chest Computed Tomography, either visual by a radiologist, or automatic by the applied Computed Tomography software. Results of the studies on the association between emphysema and lung cancer incidence are mixed. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 May 5;259:112949. Epub 2020 May 5.

Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020 21;2020:6413491. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable disease related to the respiratory system. A 2017 report by the World Health Organization stated that it was the third most common cause of death in 2015. Macmoondong decoction is a prescription that has been used widely in Korea for the treatment of respiratory diseases, but there have been few investigations into the therapeutic mechanism. Read More

Expert Rev Respir Med 2020 May 18:1-6. Epub 2020 May 18.

Chest Disease Department, Yedikule Research and Training Hospital for Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.

: Defining the optimal therapeutic approach in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) bronchiectasis overlap (CBO) is challenging. The presence of emphysema suggests that COPD is the primary problem and it impacts therapeutic decision making.: We hypothesized that the AreaFE% performance will be reliable in diagnosing the presence of emphysema such that serial CT scanning may not be needed. Read More

Radiology 2020 May 5:191793. Epub 2020 May 5.

From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory (G.R.W., S.Y.A., F.N.R., C.E.C., C.L.P., A.A.D.), Department of Radiology, Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory (P.N., G.V.S.F., J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Department of Anesthesia (G.Q.R.), and Division of Cardiology (A.M.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02215; Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D., S.P.B., J.M.W.); Asthma and COPD Program, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (M.K.H.); BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.R.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (S.R.); Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (K.Y., G.L.K., J.E.H.); and Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.A.).

Background Smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have smaller left ventricles (LVs) due to reduced preload. Skeletal muscle wasting is also common in COPD, but less is known about its contribution to LV size. Purpose To explore the relationships between CT metrics of emphysema, venous vascular volume, and sarcopenia with the LV epicardial volume (LV) (myocardium and chamber) estimated from chest CT images in participants with COPD and then to determine the clinical relevance of the LV in multivariable models, including sex and anthropomorphic metrics. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 22;15:857-868. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.

Background: Different characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) between Western and Japanese populations have been reported. Risk factors for COPD exacerbation have been reported in Western countries but have not been studied in Japan.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively examined risk factors for COPD exacerbation. Read More

Respirology 2020 May 3. Epub 2020 May 3.

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Patients with severe emphysema have limited treatment options and only derive a small benefit from optimal medical treatment. The only other therapy to have significant clinical beneficial effect in emphysema is LVRS but the perceived risk and invasiveness of surgery has fuelled bronchoscopic approaches to induce lung volume reduction. There are multiple bronchoscopic methods for achieving volume reduction in severe emphysema: EBV, airway bypass procedure, endobronchial coils, thermal (vapour) sclerosis and chemical sclerosis (sealants). Read More

Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2020 ;97(2):12-19

Siberia Federal Scientific and Clinical Center, Tomsk Region, Seversk, Russia.

Aim: Of this study is to substantiate the effectiveness of continuous-cycle technology of rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on an outpatient basis.

Material And Methods: 140 patients with moderate to severe (stage II-III) COPD were examined: 82% with chronic bronchitis phenotype and 18% - with emphysema phenotype. 44% of patients had frequent exacerbations. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland; Department of Cardiac, Vascular, and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Introduction: Secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious complication of end-stage lung disease and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of secondary PH among patients qualified for lung transplantation (LTx).

Material And Methods: The study population consisted of 143 patients qualified for LTx between 2004 and 2019. Read More

Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2020 Apr;7(2):86-98

Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Apparent increased female susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggests sex hormones modulate disease pathogenesis. Little is known about associations between multiparity and lung function in smokers.

Research Question: We hypothesized that multiparity is associated with lung function and measures of emphysema and airway disease. Read More

Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2020 Apr;7(2):79-81

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020 Jun 22;318(6):L1222-L1228. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Parametric response mapping (PRM) is a computed tomography (CT)-based method to phenotype patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is capable of differentiating emphysema-related air trapping with nonemphysematous air trapping (small airway disease), which helps to identify the extent and localization of the disease. Most studies evaluating the gene expression in smokers and COPD patients related this to spirometric measurements, but none have investigated the relationship with CT-based measurements of lung structure. Read More

Respiration 2020 20;99(4):333-343. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Endoscopic valve therapy aims at lung volume reduction that is associated with improved lung function, exercise tolerance and quality of life in emphysema patients. The size of intrabronchial valves of the Spiration® Valve System (SVS) selected to achieve lobar occlusion may have an influence on treatment outcomes.

Methods: 49 severe emphysema patients (M/F: 24/25, age: 64 ± 7 years), with complete interlobar fissures on the side intended to be treated, underwent treatment with at least one 9-mm intrabronchial valve implantation at 3 centers and were followed up at 30, 90 and 180 days after intervention. Read More

Acad Radiol 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Canada; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada. Electronic address:

Rationale And Objectives: The relationships between computed tomography (CT) pulmonary vascularity and MRI ventilation is not well-understood in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Our objective was to evaluate CT pulmonary vascular and MRI ventilation measurements in ex-smokers and to investigate their associations and how such measurements change over time.

Materials And Methods: Ninety ex-smokers (n = 41 without COPD 71 ± 10 years and n = 49 COPD 71 ± 8 years) provided written informed-consent to an ethics-board approved protocol and underwent imaging and pulmonary-function-tests twice, 31 ± 7 months apart. Read More

Cell 2020 May 15;181(4):848-864.e18. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA. Electronic address:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition of chronic bronchitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema that represents a leading cause of death worldwide. While inflammation, fibrosis, mucus hypersecretion, and metaplastic epithelial lesions are hallmarks of this disease, their origins and dependent relationships remain unclear. Here we apply single-cell cloning technologies to lung tissue of patients with and without COPD. Read More

PLoS One 2020 16;15(4):e0230574. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of General Surgery, Chettinad Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Exposures to respirable crystalline silica causes silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, autoimmune disorders and chronic renal disease. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of silico-tuberculosis, silicosis and other respiratory morbidities in sandstone mine workers in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done in sandstone mines in Jodhpur. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2020 Mar 23;20(1):74. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) skeletal muscle dysfunction is a prevalent malady that significantly affects patients' prognosis and quality of life. Although the study of this disease has attracted considerable attention, a definite animal model is yet to be established. This study investigates whether smoke exposure could lead to the development of a COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction model in rats. Read More

Medicine (Abingdon) 2020 Apr 4;48(4):239-243. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

is an Honorary Consultant at the Royal Brompton Hospital, London and Professor of Respiratory Medicine at Imperial College London, UK. His main clinical and research interests are cystic fibrosis, lung cancer and emphysema. He was President of the British Thoracic Society and Chairman of Asthma UK. Competing interests: none declared.

Over the past 200 years lung diseases have shifted from infections - tuberculosis, pneumonia - to diseases of dirty air - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. New diseases have emerged from industrial pollution and HIV infection, while better imaging has revealed others previously unrecognized. Scientific advances in microbiology, imaging and clinical measurement have improved diagnosis and allowed better targeted treatment. Read More

Addiction 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Cannabis is one of the world's most widely used recreational drugs and the second most commonly smoked substance. Research on cannabis and the lungs has been limited by its illegal status, the variability in strength and size of cannabis cigarettes (joints), and the fact that most cannabis users also smoke tobacco, making the effects difficult to separate. Despite these difficulties, the available evidence indicates that smoking cannabis causes bronchitis and is associated with changes in lung function. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 1;15:711-721. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms and progression may differ between men and women. However, limited information is currently available on the pathophysiological and biological factors that may underlie these sex-related differences. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate reports of potential sex-related differences, including genetic, pathophysiological, structural, and other biological factors, that may influence COPD development, manifestation, and progression in women. Read More

Pneumologie 2020 04 9;74(4):240-241. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Pneumologie 2020 Apr 9;74(4):217-221. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Bereich Pneumologie, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden.

CPAP is the most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.Serious complications from this treatment are very rare. Pneumothorax following lung barotrauma under CPAP therapy has been described in case reports only in patients with pre-existing lung and thoracic diseases. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 04;382(15):1478-1480

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

N Engl J Med 2020 04;382(15):1443-1455

From the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany (P.S.); the Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin (N.G.M.); and UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London (D.A.L.).

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020 Jun 7;214(6):1269-1279. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The purpose of this study is to establish whether texture analysis and densitometry are complementary quantitative measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a lung cancer screening setting. This was a retrospective study of data collected prospectively (in 2004-2010) in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial. The texture score, relative area of emphysema, and percentile density were computed for 1915 baseline low-dose lung CT scans and were evaluated, both individually and in combination, for associations with lung function (i. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2020 Apr 6;6(1):65. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 1001-1 Kubara, Omura, Nagasaki, 856-8562, Japan.

Background: It is presumed that tracheobronchomalacia in adults is caused by airway pressure-induced injury due to chronic cough related to pulmonary emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Commonly, a posterolateral approach using stabilizing materials is the surgical technique of choice for treating tracheobronchomalacia. We report a case in which thoracoscopic plication of the membranous portion was performed instead of airway stent placement for tracheobronchomalacia in an elderly individual. Read More

J Thorac Imaging 2020 May;35 Suppl 1:S28-S34

Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prototype algorithm for the fully automated per lobe segmentation and emphysema quantification (EQ) on chest-computed tomography as it compares to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) severity classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Methods: Patients (n=137) who underwent chest-computed tomography acquisition and spirometry within 6 months were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study. Patient-specific spirometry data, which included forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (Tiffeneau-Index), were used to assign patients to their respective GOLD stage I to IV. Read More

Res Health Sci 2020 10;5(1):48-63. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA.

Background: Higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment and income reduce the risk of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for marginalized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities compared to the socially privileged groups such as non-Hispanic Whites. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs also apply to the effects of education and income on CLDs. Read More

Metabolites 2020 Mar 25;10(4). Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease in which airflow obstruction in the lung makes it difficult for patients to breathe. Although COPD occurs predominantly in smokers, there are still deficits in our understanding of the additional risk factors in smokers. To gain a deeper understanding of the COPD molecular signatures, we used Sparse Multiple Canonical Correlation Network (SmCCNet), a recently developed tool that uses sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis, to integrate proteomic and metabolomic data from the blood of 1008 participants of the COPDGene study to identify novel protein-metabolite networks associated with lung function and emphysema. Read More

Acad Radiol 2020 Mar 23. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Rationale And Objectives: Bronchiectasis (BE) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but emphysema and small airways disease, main pathologic features of COPD, have been sparsely studied in BE. We aimed to objectively assess those features in smokers with and without radiographic BE and examine its relationships to airflow obstruction and exercise capacity.

Material And Methods: We measured emphysema and small airways disease on paired inspiratory-expiratory computed tomography (CT) scans with the parametric response map (PRM and PRM) method in 1184 smokers with and without radiographic BE. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Dec 20;7(24):4329-4332. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Center for Hygiene and Food Safety, Haiduong Medical Technical University, Hai Duong, Vietnam.

Background: The fungal disease caused by invasive fungus Saprochaete capitata is becoming an increasingly popular infection. Fungal pathogens mainly occur in patients with immunocompromised disorders such as hematologic malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia, transplant patients.

Case Report: In this study, we presented a COPD patient infected with S. Read More

Int Marit Health 2020 ;71(1):71-77

Centre for Professional and Environmental Pathologies (Centre de Ressource en Pathologie Professionnelle et Environnementale CRPPE), Brest University Hospital (CHRU), Brest, France.

Background: In France, the monitoring of professional divers is regulated. Several learned societies (French Occupational Medicine Society, French Hyperbaric Medicine Society and French Maritime Medicine Society) have issued follow-up recommendations for professional divers, including medical follow-up. Medical decisions could be temporary unfitness for diving, temporary fitness with monitoring, a restriction of fitness, or permanent unfitness. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 9;15:543-552. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and lung tissue deterioration. Given the high vascularity of the lung, von Willebrand factor (VWF), a central component of wound healing initiation, has previously been assessed in COPD. VWF processing, which is crucial for regulating the primary response of wound healing, has not been assessed directly. Read More

Pulm Circ 2020 Jan-Mar;10(1):2045894020912937. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA.

Pulmonary hypertension may arise as a complication of chronic lung disease typically associated with tissue hypoxia, as well as infectious agents or injury eliciting a type 2 immune response. The onset of pulmonary hypertension in this setting (classified as Group 3) often complicates treatment and worsens prognosis of chronic lung disease. Chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), emphysema, and interstitial lung fibrosis impair airflow and alter lung elastance in addition to affecting pulmonary vascular hemodynamics that may culminate in right ventricle dysfunction. Read More

Br J Pharmacol 2020 Mar 22. Epub 2020 Mar 22.

Justus-Liebig University of Giessen (JLUG), Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.

Background And Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, encompassing chronic airway obstruction and lung emphysema, is a major worldwide health problem and a severe socio-economic burden. Evidence previously provided by our group has shown that inhibition of inducible NOS (iNOS) prevents development of mild emphysema in a mouse model of chronic tobacco smoke exposure and can even trigger lung regeneration. Moreover, we could demonstrate that pulmonary hypertension is not only abolished in cigarette smoke-exposed iNOS mice but also precedes emphysema development. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2020 May 13;21(5):2267-2275. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China.

Adoptive transfer of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) significantly alleviates smoking‑induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats. Considering the critical roles of T cells during COPD development, the present study aimed to further identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effect of BMSCs on splenic T cells isolated from rats following chronic exposure to nicotine. Splenic T cells were co‑cultured with rat BMSCs at various ratios and subsequently, T‑cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 3;15:487-499. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association of PH detected by echocardiography and COPD-related outcome in longitudinal follow-up has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics of COPD patients with PH detected by echocardiography and various outcome parameters such as COPD exacerbation and health status over a three-year observation period. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 3;15:479-486. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Okan University, Okan University Chest Diseases, İçmeler, Turkey.

Purpose: Emphysema is a progressive and irreversible disease, proceeding with the decrease in elastic recoil which is connected to tissue damage caused by chronic inflammation. Lung volume reduction coil (LVRC) method in patients with an advanced level of emphysema and irresponsive to medical treatment is shown to provide increase in lung volumes and exercise capacity, decrease in dyspnea, and increase in quality of life. The purpose of this study is to reveal that LVRC treatment is also efficient in severe COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jan 31;12(1):e6836. Epub 2020 Jan 31.

Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is an umbrella term that covers both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal system. Airway diseases are one of the most commonly studied manifestations of IBD. It is observed that populations with pre-existing obstructive pulmonary conditions are at higher risk of new-onset IBD. Read More