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Chin Med J (Engl) 2018 Dec;131(24):2938-2946

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.

Background: Decision-making concerning the treatment of choroid plexus tumor (CPT) in pediatric patients remains a topic of considerable debate. The aim of this work was to describe clinical features and prognostic risk factors of CPT in the pediatric population and to provide theoretical opinions regarding clinical decisions for CPT.

Methods: The data of 96 patients with CPT and younger than 14 years were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Angiogenesis 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

T17 cells play important yet complex roles in cancer development and progression. We previously reported that T17 cells and IL-17 mediate resistance to anti-VEGF therapy by inducing recruitment of immunosuppressive and proangiogenic myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that IL-22, a key effector cytokine expressed by T17 cells, directly acts on endothelial cells to promote tumor angiogenesis. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2018 13;2018:7361212. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of new swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to detect changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: A total of 101 healthy and 97 MS eyes underwent retinal and choroidal assessment using SS Triton OCT (Topcon). Macular thickness and peripapillary data (retinal, ganglion cell layer (GCL+, GCL++) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness) were analyzed, including choroidal thickness evaluation. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Purpose: To evaluate vascular changes in patients with intermediate uveitis with or without retinal vasculitis using swept-source wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients with intermediate uveitis were evaluated using wide-field OCTA. Read More

J Biol Eng 2018 4;12:29. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

1Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI USA.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential to the health of the retina and the proper functioning of the photoreceptors. The RPE is rich in melanosomes, which contain the pigment melanin. Changes in RPE pigmentation are seen with normal aging and in diseases such as albinism and age-related macular degeneration. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 1;9:220. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.

Background: Surgeries for deep-seated lesions are challenging because making a corridor and observing the interface between lesions and normal brain tissue are difficult. The ViewSite Brain Access System, which is a clear plastic tubular retractor system, is used for resection of deep-seated lesions. However, the tapered shape of this system may result in limitation of the surgical field and cause brain injury to observe the interface between lesions and normal tissue. Read More

PLoS One 2018 11;13(12):e0207435. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To evaluate structural changes in the choroid among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), with varying grades of diabetic retinopathy (DR), using enhance depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT) scans.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 eyes with DR and DME and 86 healthy control eyes. Eyes with DME were classified according to the severity of DR as per the international DR severity scale. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 10;18(1):315. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.

Background: Despite the potential usefulness of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal and optic disc conditions, the reliability of the imaging modality remains unclear. This study set out to measure the microvascular density of macula and optic disc by mean of optical coherence tomography angiography and report the repeatability of the vessel density measurements.

Methods: Cross sectional observational cohort study. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of B-scan averaging on choroidal thickness using wide-field enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Six high-resolution trans-foveal horizontal enhanced-depth imaging line scans (spanning a 60° field) were acquired consecutively from the right eye of 10 healthy adults (mean age 30 ± 5 years), with each line scan an average of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 B-scans, using the automated real-time image averaging and follow-up features of a Spectralis device. The impact of B-scan averaging on regional measures of wide-field choroidal thickness (across macular and peripheral regions) and their accuracy was investigated, assuming that averaging 100 B-scans would provide the most accurate estimate of choroidal thickness. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2018 30;4:45. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, 850 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disease caused by loss of expression of the paternally inherited copy of several genes on the long arm of chromosome 15. Ophthalmic manifestations of PWS include strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus, hypopigmentation of the iris and choroid, diabetic retinopathy, cataract and congenital ectropion uvea. An overlap between PWS and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) has long been recognized and attributed to deletion of OCA2 gene located in PWS critical region (PWCR). Read More

EMBO Mol Med 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Though congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which is Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53-fold increase in protein concentration, suggesting that transcytosis through the choroid plexus epithelial cells of KO mice is substantially higher than in normal mice. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of physiologic intracranial calcifications detected in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a Turkish subpopulation.

Methods: The CBCT image of the full head of 573 patients taken between 2015 and 2018 was evaluated retrospectively. The prevalence of habenular calcification, petroclinoid ligament, coroid plexus, interclinoid ligament (ICL), and carotico-clinoid ligament (CCL) calcifications was investigated. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Sep;62(3):217-221

Anatomy Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Serpiginous choroiditis represents an inflammation, often asymmetric, situated at the level of the inner choroid, which is related to the retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris. It is known as a primarily idiopathic, but there are authors who consider it an autoimmune process. Many times, fundus autofluorescence is the investigation which is guiding the diagnosis, the management, also the follow-up together with the determination of the progressive visual prognosis. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Sep;62(3):183-187

Anatomy Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

White dot syndromes consists a group of inflammatory eye diseases with an unknown etiology involving the external retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid or combinations of them. They affect one or both eyes, at the same time or not. White dot syndromes are often self-limited, with a variable prognosis, depending on the type of the disease. Read More

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2018 ;7(4):163-168

Ophthalmology Department, Egas Moniz Hospital, CHLO, Lisbon, Portugal.

Although choroid has been shown to have a vital role in the pathophysiology of many ocular diseases, its role in the pathogenesis of several other conditions remains uncertain. The authors propose a novel methodology to establish a more accurate Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness (PPCT), using an image-processing software. This study sought to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of PPCT evaluation with ImageJ software in healthy volunteers. Read More

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018 Nov 13. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address:

Introduction: Regenerative therapies in Parkinson's disease aim to slow neurodegeneration and re-establish damaged neuronal circuitry. Neurotrophins are potent endogenous regulators of neuronal survival, development and regeneration. They represent an attractive regenerative treatment option in Parkinson's disease. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2018 Nov 28;131:72-80. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD) represents the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. The macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lies in a high oxidative environment because its high metabolic demand, mitochondria concentration, reactive oxygen species levels, and macular blood flow. It has been suggested that oxidative stress-induced damage to the RPE plays a key role in NE-AMD pathogenesis. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 5:1120672118816225. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

2 Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

Purpose:: To quantify vascular and structural macular variables in healthy eyes and to investigate correlations between these variables and age using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Materials And Methods:: A total of 261 eyes of 261 subjects with normal fundus were included. Central macular thickness, ganglion cell layer to inner plexiform layer thickness, outer retina layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index were measured using optical coherence tomography. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China. Electronic address:

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs), a pigmented cell layer in the outer retina, are constantly exposed to photo-oxidative stress. Autophagy relieves the stress by removing oxidative protein adducts, protein aggregates, and damaged mitochondria. We previously found that miR-29 is downregulated in choroid/RPE tissue in a model of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting that miR-29 deficiency may contribute to autophagy inhibition and AMD progression. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Dec 4;12(1):358. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Eye Unit, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.

Purpose: To describe swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography retinal changes in a case of acute toxoplasmic chorioretinitis both at the time of diagnosis and after healing.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old white woman suffering from acquired toxoplasmic chorioretinitis underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography both at the time of diagnosis and after healing. In the acute phase of the disease, swept-source optical coherence tomography clearly showed retinal and choroidal involvement in the superficial retina and in the choroidal swelling. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018 ;134(5):78-85

Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 125315.

The study presents clinical and genetic analysis of a case of unilateral multifocal uveal choroidal melanoma in a patient of 67 years. Results of ophthalmoscopy, echography, fluorescent angiography, optical coherence tomography are described. Molecular genetic testing of peripheral blood samples was performed, including detection of the occurrences of CC genotype in C3435T polymorphism of the gene ABCB1/MDR1 associated with unfavorable vital prognosis. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018 ;134(5. Vyp. 2):186-194

S.P. Botkin Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Branch No. 1, Ophtalmooncology department, 7 Mamonovskiy Lane, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123001.

When planning conservation therapy for choroidal melanoma (CM), evaluation of its size and stage is done using various methods of visualization, among which is optical coherence tomography (OCT). A recently introduced modification of OCT - Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) allows observation of deep choroid and sclera.

Purpose: To specify clinicomorphologic correlations between OCT signs related to CM and its pathomorphological state as described in literature. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 18;2018:4582816. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

Mutations in the gene usually cause bestrophinopathies, such as the rare progressive diseases Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) and autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB). This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with BVMD or ARB carrying mutations. A total of 12 probands including 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of BVMD and 3 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ARB were recruited for genetics analysis. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018 Oct 1:1-10. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVEMany studies have aimed to determine the most clinically effective surgical intervention for hydrocephalus. However, the costs associated with each treatment option are poorly understood. In this study, the authors conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and ETV with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) in an effort to better understand the clinical effectiveness and costs associated with treating hydrocephalus. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Objective: To describe the microsurgical anatomy of the rhomboid lip and to consider its role by presenting histology and clinical cases.

Methods: We examined 10 (20 sides) formalin-fixed adult human cadaveric heads injected with colored silicone. In total, 20 rhomboid lips were examined posteriorly. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-34, India. Electronic address:

The choroid is the vascular coat of the eye,and its role has been studied in multiple chorioretinal disorders. The recent advancements in choroidal imaging techniques including enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), swept source (SS-OCT), enface OCT and OCT angiography have facilitated an in-depth analysis of choroid. The gradual shift from manual to automated segmentation and binarization methods have led to precise and reproducible measurements of choroidal parameters. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A.

Purpose: To review the clinical features of orbital and choroidal metastases from urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract among cases reported in the literature, and to describe a case of orbital metastasis from bladder cancer presenting as apparent internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Methods: Case reports of orbital and choroidal metastases from urothelial carcinomas published in the literature from 1965 to 2018 were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, cancer stage and primary site, time to onset of ocular symptoms, length of presenting ocular symptoms, types of primary ocular symptoms, diagnostic imaging, histology, systemic and ocular treatments, and survival time. Read More

Invest Radiol 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Essen, Essen.

Background: The "glymphatic system" (GS), a brain-wide network of cerebrospinal fluid microcirculation, supplies a pathway through and out of the central nervous system (CNS); malfunction of the system is implicated in a variety of neurological disorders. In this exploratory study, we analyzed the potential of a new imaging approach that we coined delayed T2-weighted gadolinium-enhanced imaging to visualize the GS in vivo.

Methods: Heavily T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (hT2w-FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging was obtained before, and 3 hours and 24 hours after intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) application in 33 neurologically healthy patients and 7 patients with an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to cerebral metastases. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):426-432

Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialised Care, Teaching Centre Clinic Montchoisi, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: To compare the involvement of the retina with that of the choroid in ocular sarcoidosis (OS) using dual fluorescein angiography (FA)/indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Methods: A retrospective study of 23 patients with the diagnosis of OS was performed. Angiographic signs were quantified following the established FA/ICGA scoring system for uveitis. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Cabral 732/1204, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-121, Brazil.

Purpose: To compare choroidal thickness (CT) measurements in preeclamptic and healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy using optical coherence tomography.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 148 eyes of 74 women, divided into two groups: 27 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester (control group) and 47 age-matched pregnant women in the third trimester with preeclampsia (PE group). Of the 47 subjects in preeclampsia group, 26 were classified as having mild PE and 21 as having severe PE. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Nov 24;19(12). Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.

Choroidal endothelial cells supply oxygen and nutrients to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors, recycle metabolites, and dispose of metabolic waste through the choroidal blood circulation. Death of the endothelial cells of the choroid may cause abnormal deposits including unesterified and esterified cholesterol beneath RPE cells and within Bruch's membrane that contribute to the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent cause of blindness in older people. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a cholesterol-binding protein that is involved in mitochondrial cholesterol transport and other cellular functions. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.

Importance: The evolution of fetal brain injury by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is not well described.

Objectives: To perform longitudinal neuroimaging of fetuses and infants exposed to in utero maternal ZIKV infection using concomitant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US), as well as to determine the duration of viremia in pregnant women with ZIKV infection and whether the duration of viremia correlated with fetal and/or infant brain abnormalities.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cohort of 82 pregnant women with clinical criteria for probable ZIKV infection in Barranquilla, Colombia, and Washington, DC, were enrolled from June 15, 2016, through June 27, 2017, with Colombian women identified by community recruitment and physician referral and travel-related cases of American women recruited from a Congenital Zika Program. Read More

Acta Biomater 2018 Nov 23. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UL, Axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada. Electronic address:

The choroid of the eye is a vascularized and pigmented connective tissue lying between the retina and the sclera. Increasing evidence demonstrates that, beyond supplying nutrients to the outer retina, the different choroidal cells contribute to the retina's homeostasis, especially by paracrine signaling. However, the precise role of each cell type is currently unclear. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018 Dec;365(24)

Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.

Escherichia coli is the most common Gram-negative causative agent of neonatal meningitis and E. coli meningitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Previous research has been carried out with regard to the blood-brain barrier and thereby unveiled an assortment of virulence factors involved in E. Read More

Retina 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: To assess and compare clinical features of a ridge-shaped macula (defined as macular elevation only in one meridian across the fovea) in individuals younger than 20 years with those of a dome-shaped macula (DSM) in patients aged 20+ years.

Methods: The retrospective observational case series study included 185 highly myopic eyes of 100 consecutive patients younger than 20 years, who were compared with highly myopic patients with DSMs, aged 20+ years and examined in previous studies.

Results: Seventeen (9. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018 Dec 25;79(Suppl 5):S426-S427. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

Infratentorial ependymomas that arise in the fourth ventricle and extend into the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) through the foramina of Luschka are well described. However, a primary CPA location of an ependymoma is distinctly uncommon. In this video, we present a 46-year-old man with episodes of dizziness, left-sided tinnitus, imbalance, double vision, and nausea. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Nov 23. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathies (FAPs) are life-threatening, autosomal dominant diseases resulting, in most instances, from transthyretin gene (TTR) variants. A small number of TTR variants lead to leptomeningeal amyloidosis (LA), which is a rare FAP subtype with late-onset central nervous system (CNS) impairment symptoms. Previous studies suggest that LA's CNS selectivity was due to complete endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of highly destabilized mutants in peripheral tissues. Read More

Exp Eye Res 2018 Nov 20;180:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Purpose: It has been proposed that changes in the permeability of Bruch's membrane play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This paper investigates, in an in vivo porcine model, the migration of fluorescent latex beads across the Bruch's membrane after subretinal injection.

Methods: Forty-one healthy eyes of 33 three-month-old domestic pigs received a subretinal injection of 0. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.

Purpose: To evaluate pre-operative and post-operative morphologic characteristics in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Thirty-three subjects with unilateral idiopathic ERM were enrolled and the contralateral eyes served as controls. Vascular parameters including superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer capillary plexus (OCP), and choroidal capillary plexus (CCP) were evaluated by OCTA. Read More

Lupus 2018 Nov 22:961203318814196. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed ophthalmological examination in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE), including choroidal thickness (ChT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).

Methods: The study included all jSLE patients ( n = 21) diagnosed according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria between January 2017 and April 2017, and an age- and gender-matched control group ( n = 21). The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was used to assess disease activity. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 7;12:2205-2212. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,

Recognizing that <1% of all uveal melanomas occur in young persons, and that very few clinicians encounter more than a few such cases over an extended career, we felt that a retrospective review of literature and sharing of our clinical experience would be appropriate to remind readers about this age subgroup of patients with posterior uveal melanoma. This interest stems from the increase in reported cases of uveal melanoma in younger individuals and recent advances in the field. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Nov 21;8(1):17184. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of haemodialysis on perfused vessel density, choroidal thickness (CT), and retinal thickness in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). We studied twenty-nine eyes of 29 ESRD patients by ophthalmologic examination and SS-OCTA before and after haemodialysis. The colour-coded perfusion density maps were generated and perfused vessel density was calculated. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Nov 21;8(1):17166. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 34, India.

The introduction of wide field optical coherence tomography (WF-OCT) has provided newer insights in the imaging of peripheral choroid. We evaluated choroidal thickness (CT) and large choroidal vessel thickness (LCVT) of 20 eyes in horizontal and vertical meridians using WF-OCT. A high-definition line scan through the fovea in both horizontal and vertical meridian was captured in primary and extremes of gaze to obtain scans up to mid-equator. Read More

J Glaucoma 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital.

Aim: To study the microvascular density of the macular and optic nerve head in healthy and glaucoma subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methodology: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study on healthy subjects and patients with glaucoma. The AngioVue Enhanced Microvascular Imaging System was used to capture the optic nerve head and macula images during one visit. Read More

Mol Imaging Biol 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: Integrin ɑβ, an adhesion molecule overexpressed in neovascular endothelial cells, is involved in ocular angiogenesis. Integrin ɑβ-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide has been used to target and visualize new vessels. We explored the use of integrin ɑβ-targeted RGD peptide ([Tc]IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]) for in vivo molecular imaging of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2018 14;4:42. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

2Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India.

Background And Objectives: The study investigated the intravitreal safety and vitreous disposition of lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in rabbits for its projected use in retinopathy.

Methods: For the safety study, following the baseline ERG recording and fundus photography, 40 µg/50 µl of lisinopril sterile injection was injected unilaterally in the rabbit eyes (n = 4), where other eye served as a control. The electroretinogram and fundus images were obtained at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h following the intravitreal injection. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):1071-1073

Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Placement of ventricular catheter (VC) in an optimal position is the most important factor in determining the outcome of shunt surgery. VC obstruction due to shunt tube placement in brain parenchyma, across the septa, tangled in the choroid plexuses and clogging of VC due to brain matter or other debris are common reasons resulting in shunt complete or partial dysfunction. To resolve these hurdles, many technical advancements have been made including navigation, stereotaxy, sonography, and ventriculoscope-guided VC placement. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):1042-1047

Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Context: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are the established surgical treatments for obstructive hydrocephalus (HCP). Powerful evidence regarding the best therapeutic approach for infants with obstructive HCP is lacked.

Aims: Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of VP shunt and ETV/choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) in infants with obstructive HCP. Read More

MBio 2018 Nov 20;9(6). Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common prion disease in humans and has been iatrogenically transmitted through corneal graft transplantation. Approximately 40% of sCJD patients develop visual or oculomotor symptoms and may seek ophthalmological consultation. Here we used the highly sensitive real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to measure postmortem prion seeding activities in cornea, lens, ocular fluid, retina, choroid, sclera, optic nerve, and extraocular muscle in the largest series of sCJD patient eyes studied by any assay to date. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(13):5441-5446

Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To use color Doppler to analyze blood flow in the retrobulbar central retinal artery (CRA) and central retinal vein (CRV) in monocular retinoblastoma.

Methods: This prospective study included patients with group D and E retinoblastomas managed with only enucleation. Peak blood velocities were assessed in the CRA and CRV of tumor-containing eyes (CRAv and CRVv, respectively). Read More