Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 2010 Retina & Macula Centre, Hong Kong.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) compared with multimodal imaging for CNV in CSC eyes and to determine the features that predicted CNV.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive CSC patients were recruited from retina clinic. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Purpose: Pachychoroid spectrum disease encompasses a set of macular disorders secondary to an abnormally thick choroid. However, the pathological process underlying pachychoroid spectrum disease and its overlap with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain unclear. This review aimed to understand the underlying pathology, classification, and phenotypes of pachychoroid spectrum disease. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: There is an ongoing controversial debate about the effectiveness of laser treatments in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC). We performed a prospective non-randomized interventional study to learn about the effects of a subthreshold laser treatment (Topcon Endpoint Management™, Topcon Healthcare Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in patients with cCSC. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2021 Jun 5. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Ophthalmic Oncology Service; Department of Medicine.

Purpose: Investigate clinical and morphologic characteristics of serous retinal disturbances in patients taking extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors.

Participants: Of 61 patients receiving ERK inhibitors for treatment of metastatic cancer, this study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with evidence of retinopathy confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Single center, retrospective study of prospectively collected data METHODS: Clinical exam, fundus photography and OCT were used to evaluate ERK inhibitor retinopathy. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Bristol Trials Centre, Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.

J Curr Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):82-87. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Purpose: To describe a case of pachychoroid disease most compatible with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) presented with a large relapsing retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) associated with only a small amount of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the background of macular drusen in an elderly patient mimicking neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: This was a review of 32 months of the clinical course and findings on multimodal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Results: A large relapsing PED sometimes with small amount of SRF at its apex was found in the background of macular drusen in the right eye of a 63-year-old Thai woman. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):62-67. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal changes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients after water-drinking test (WDT).

Methods: This prospective study included treatment-naïve acute and chronic CSCR eyes and healthy controls. Intraocular pressure and optical coherence tomography measurements with choroidal vascular index (CVI) measurements were done at baseline. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Université de Paris, Ophthalmology Department, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France Centre d'Imagerie et Laser, F-75015, Paris, France.

Purpose: To describe central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) cases presenting as uveal effusion syndrome, providing new insights into "pachychoroid spectrum" diseases.

Methods: Clinical charts, color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound imaging, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and biometry of four eyes of three patients were assessed. A literature review was conducted. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 29;10(11). Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.

Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common macular condition characterized by detachment of the neuroretina and is a frequent cause of central vision loss in adults. Among the various therapeutic strategies, subthreshold microsecond pulsed laser (SML) treatment has become a useful option. Despite the suggested involvement of choroidal circulatory disturbances in CSC, the effects of this treatment on macular microperfusion have not been fully evaluated yet. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 18;10(10). Epub 2021 May 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

To assess the hypofluorescent foci (HFF) on late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF), near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), and fluorescein angiography (FA). The HFF area on late-phase ICGA for at least 20 min was compared with the area of abnormal foci on SW-FAF, NIR-AF, and FA. In 14 consecutive patients (12 men, including 1 with bilateral CSC; and 2 women with unilateral CSC), four kinds of images of 27 eyes were acquired. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 May 11;11(5). Epub 2021 May 11.

UPMC Eye Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Background: To map the choroidal vascularity index and compare two eyes in patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study performed in patients with unilateral CSCR. Choroidal thickness (CT) and Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured and mapped in various zones according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS) grid. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 May 31;21(1):241. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.

Background: The effect of various reduced doses of verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) on choroidal blood flow in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate choroidal blood flow after half-dose PDT (1/2PDT) and one-third dose PDT (1/3PDT) with verteporfin for chronic CSC using laser speckle flowgraphy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients with serous retinal detachment (SRD) caused by chronic CSC for more than 6 months were included in this study. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 May 28;11(1):11278. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.

Pachyvessels are pathologically dilated large choroidal vessels and are associated with the pathogenesis of several pachychoroid-related disorders, including central serous chorioretinopathy. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for pachyvessels in the Japanese population. We included 316 participants (aged ≥ 40 years) with normal right eyes. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 10;12:675295. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

To evaluate efficacy of eplerenone therapy vs. observation on resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in routine clinical practice. Retrospective comparative case series of eyes diagnosed with CSCR treated with eplerenone or observation. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Aims: To identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) by a systematic review and meta-analysis, and to compare the association profiles between CSCR, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods: We searched the EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science for genetic studies of CSCR from the starting dates of the databases to 12 September 2020. We then performed meta-analyses on all SNPs reported by more than two studies and calculated the pooled OR and 95% CIs. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021 May 22:102347. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Cukurova University. Electronic address:

Background: To evaluate the retinal and choroidal microstructural changes at fovea after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: The study included 35 eyes with unilateral chronic CSC treated with half-dose PDT. The foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in the affected eyes were compared with baseline measurements at month 1, 3, and 6 after half-dose PDT, and those of the healthy contralateral eyes. Read More

Prog Retin Eye Res 2021 May 21:100973. Epub 2021 May 21.

Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:

In central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), the macula is detached because of fluid leakage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The fluid appears to originate from choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, but the etiology for the fluid is controversial. The choroidal vascular findings as elucidated by recent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wide-field indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic evaluation show eyes with CSC have many of the same venous patterns that are found in eyes following occlusion of the vortex veins or carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCSF). Read More

Semin Ophthalmol 2021 May 23:1-5. Epub 2021 May 23.

Ophthalmology Department, Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of foveal and extrafoveal half-dose photodynamic therapy (HD-PDT) for chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

Methods: This retrospective, cohort study included cCSC eyes submitted to HD-PDT on foveal (F) or extrafoveal (E) areas. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the following spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) subfoveal parameters: central macular thickness (CMT), outer nuclear layer, external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, interdigitation zone, choroidal thickness and subretinal fluid (SRF). Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021 May 20:1-8. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.

: To evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).: A retrospective, cohort, longitudinal study was conducted using the national health insurance database in Taiwan between 1996 and 2013. Patients diagnosed with OSA were enrolled after exclusion, and a control group with similar age, gender, and major systemic co-morbidities were included in a 1:1 ratio by propensity score matching. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2021 18;14(5):719-724. Epub 2021 May 18.

Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of conbercept intravitreal injection and half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: This study was retrospective. Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) with chronic CSC received conbercept injections while 57 patients (57 eyes) were treated with half-dose PDT. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 06;69(6):1451-1456

Vitreoretina, Uvea and ROP Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe macular changes associated with tilted disc syndrome (TDS) using multimodality imaging.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of the consecutive TDS cases which were studied for macular changes using color fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography were performed wherever required. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 06;69(6):1430-1439

Vitreoretinal Society of India (VRSI); Suven Clinical Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the outcomes of the Vitreo-retinal Society of India (VRSI) Practice Pattern Survey 2020 in medical retina.

Methods: An online survey of members of VRSI was conducted in April 2020 regarding their practice-patterns on varied medical and surgical retina topics concerning imaging and management approach. The results were evaluated by two independent experts in this field and compared with the evidence and other practice patterns in the world. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

A 39-year-old policeman complained of decreased bilateral central vision over the last two years. On examination, visual acuity was 20/40 and 20/400 in the right (OD) and left eye (OS), respectively, and fundoscopy revealed a bilateral hypopigmented macular lesion. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography demonstrated leakage and hyperintense spots, respectively, within the macular areas. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Professor, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images the layers of retinal and choroidal vasculature in the absence of an injectable dye. Since its introduction, OCTA has been utilized in various posterior segment diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). We provide a comprehensive review of OCTA's application to CSCR published between 2014 and 2020. Read More

Orv Hetil 2021 05 16;162(20):770-781. Epub 2021 May 16.

1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szemészeti Klinika, Budapest, Üllői u. 26., 1085.

Összefoglaló. Célunk, hogy közleményünkben összefoglaljuk a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteket egy-egy saját esettel illusztrálva. Az irodalmi adatok és a saját klinikai tapasztalatok alapján összegeztük a pachychorioidealis kórképekkel kapcsolatos ismereteinket, az alcsoportok kezelési lehetőségeiről összefoglaló folyamatábrát készítettünk. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2021 May 16. Epub 2021 May 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Purpose: To explore subretinal fluid (SRF) morphology in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) after one session of either high-density subthreshold micropulse laser (HSML) treatment or half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: We retrospectively obtained optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from a subset of patients from a randomized controlled trial on treatment-naïve eyes with cCSC allocated to either HSML treatment or half-dose PDT. OCT scans were evaluated prior to treatment and 6-8 weeks post-treatment, where we measured maximum SRF height and width, calculated the maximum height-to-maximum width-ratio (maxHWR) and calculated the total SRF volume. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021 Jun 21;22:101098. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) on retinal function using dark adaptation in a human subject, and to follow it through resolution of the disease.

Patients: Single patient, 50 years old male patient, with acute CSCR in one eye and resolved old CSCR in the other eye.

Observations: Observational study in patient with CSCR followed through resolution of the subretinal fluid (52 days). Read More

Biomed Opt Express 2021 Apr 24;12(4):2312-2327. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.

Automated lesion segmentation is one of the important tasks for the quantitative assessment of retinal diseases in SD-OCT images. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown promising advancements in the field of automated image segmentation, whereas they always benefit from large-scale datasets with high-quality pixel-wise annotations. Unfortunately, obtaining accurate annotations is expensive in both human effort and finance. Read More

Med Biol Eng Comput 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disorder of the eye characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina at the posterior pole of the eye. CSCR results from the accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF) due to idiopathic defects at the level of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) that allows serous fluid from the choriocapillaris to diffuse into the subretinal space between RPE and neurosensory retinal layers. This condition is presently investigated by clinicians using invasive angiography or non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Read More

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2021 May 14;11(1):14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Cornea and Refractive Surgery, 121/C, Chord Road, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India.

Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic can cause myriad of ocular manifestations. We report a case of unilateral multi focal central serous retinopathy, post COVID-19 infection in an Asian Indian female.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female presented to us with unilateral blurring, in the right eye (OD), 12 days after COVID-19 infection. Read More