Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

JAMA 2019 Feb;321(7):637

ACS Sens 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Rapid diagnosis of infectious disease at the site of the patient is critical for preventing the escalation of an outbreak into an epidemic. Devices suited to point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of cholera must not only demonstrate clinical laboratory levels of sensitivity and specificity, but must do so in a portable and low-cost manner, with a simplistic readout. We report work towards an on-chip electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cholera toxin subunit B (CTX), based on a dendritic gold architecture biofunctionalized via poly-(2-cyano-ethyl)pyrrole (PCEPy). Read More

Vaccine 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

PaxVax, Inc., 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Ste. 360, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in immune function which can lead to decreased responses to vaccines. Attenuated recombinant Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR elicits a rapid serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) response and protects against cholera diarrhea in volunteer challenge studies but has not been studied in older adults. We evaluated CVD 103-HgR (PXVX0200) in adults age 46-64, compared them to previously studied adults age 18-45, and studied age-related immunogenicity across adults 18-64 years of age. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Molecular Biology Department, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India. Electronic address:

Influenza virus is a common human pathogenic agent that has caused serious respiratory illness and death over the past century and in recent year. Treatment options against pandemic influenza strain A/H1N1 are very limited and unsatisfactory. Therefore we have developed iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) with particle size in the range of 10-15 nm against pandemic influenza strain A/H1N1/Eastern India/66/PR8-H1N1. Read More

Glob Health Action 2019 ;12(1):1574544

b Infectious Diseases Division , International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR) , Dhaka , Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has historically been cholera endemic, with seasonal cholera outbreaks occurring each year. In collaboration with the government of Bangladesh, the Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) initiated operational research to test strategies to reach the high-risk urban population with an affordable oral cholera vaccine (OCV) "ShancholTM" and examine its effectiveness in reducing diarrhea due to cholera. Here we report a sub-analysis focusing on the organization, implementation and effectiveness of different oral cholera vaccine delivery strategies in the endemic urban setting in Bangladesh. Read More

Environ Microbiol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Bacteria of the genus Vibrio are common members of aquatic environments where they compete with other prokaryotes and defend themselves against grazing predators. A macromolecular protein complex called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used for both purposes. Previous research showed that the sole T6SS of the human pathogen V. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 13;9(1):1930. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Interannual climate variability patterns associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon result in climate and environmental anomaly conditions in specific regions worldwide that directly favor outbreaks and/or amplification of variety of diseases of public health concern including chikungunya, hantavirus, Rift Valley fever, cholera, plague, and Zika. We analyzed patterns of some disease outbreaks during the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event in relation to climate anomalies derived from satellite measurements. Disease outbreaks in multiple El Niño-connected regions worldwide (including Southeast Asia, Tanzania, western US, and Brazil) followed shifts in rainfall, temperature, and vegetation in which both drought and flooding occurred in excess (14-81% precipitation departures from normal). Read More

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2019 Feb 13;18(1). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.

Background: To analyze the molecular epidemiology and to compare between the major methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biotypes for association with patient characteristics who had an implant for closed fracture and developed early post-operative wound infections (POWI) in a tertiary care hospital of India.

Methods: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial resistance, accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, Paton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, toxin gene profiling, biofilm formation and patient demographics were correlated with MLST clonal complexes (CC).

Findings: Overall eight different sequence types (STs) were detected with a predominance of ST239 (66%), ST22 (18%) and some minor types ST772, ST30 (4% each) ST1, ST642, ST6, ST107 (2% each). Read More

Nature 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France.

In the HTML version of this Letter, the affiliations for authors Andrew S. Azman, Dhirendra Kumar and Thandavarayan Ramamurthy were inverted (the PDF and print versions of the Letter were correct); the affiliations have been corrected online. Read More

Protein Expr Purif 2019 Feb 10;158:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) production and results in high mortality in China. VP7 from GCRV is involved in viral infection and could be suitable for developing vaccines for the control of GCRV infection. To obtain a genetically engineered vaccine and a plant-based oral vaccine and to evaluate their immune efficacy as an oral vaccine against GCRV, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae fused to VP7 (CTB-VP7) was transformed into BL21(DE3) for expression. Read More

J Bacteriol 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan

Bacteria sense environmental chemicals using chemosensor proteins, most of which are present in the cytoplasmic membrane. Canonical chemoreceptors bind their specific ligands in their periplasmic domain, and the ligand binding creates a molecular stimulus that is transmitted into the cytoplasm, leading to various cellular responses, such as chemotaxis and specific gene expression. , the causative agent of cholera, contains about 44 putative sensor proteins, which are homologous to methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins involved in chemotaxis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 6;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postbox 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.

Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is one of the leading causes of mortality in children under five years of age and is a great burden on developing countries. The major virulence factor of the bacterium is the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), a close homologue of the cholera toxin. The toxins bind to carbohydrate receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to toxin uptake and, ultimately, to severe diarrhea. Read More

Macromol Biosci 2019 Feb;19(2):e1900017

Food Chem 2019 Mar 14;275:135-142. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India. Electronic address:

The physiological efficacy of nutraceuticals is dependent on their physicochemical nature and bioavailability across biological barriers. In the present work, effects of nano-sizing of emulsion-based delivery vehicle on the bioavailability of polyunsaturated fatty acids rich fish oil have been investigated via three-step experimental design; ex vivo rat everted intestinal sac model, cellular lipid uptake and the bioactivity in rat PBMCs. Nanoemulsion in comparison to the conventional emulsion has shown significant higher rate of uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in three segments of small intestine. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018 ;63(7):445-449

Rostov-on-Don State Medical University, chair of biochemistry №1, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.

Identification mass-spectrometry of marker proteins of toxicity of V. cholerae for development the express of diagnostics of the causative agent of cholera on the basis of the computer analysis in the MALDI-ToF format of electronic profiles became the purpose of our research. Subjected to the computer analysis mass and spectrometer electronic passports 140 of strains of V. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 4;9(1):1318. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India.

Rotavirus (RV), the major etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in young children, kills over 200 thousand infants each year. In spite of available vaccines, rotaviral diarrhoea is still a major problem in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Therefore, the studies on RV infection and host antiviral responses are warranted. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 4;9(1):1164. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-, 75013, Paris, France.

Cholera has affected Haiti with damping waves of outbreaks since October 2010. However, mechanisms behind disease persistence during lull periods remain poorly understood. By mid 2014, cholera transmission seemed to only persist in the northern part of Haiti. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2019 Jan 29;86:183-186. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

A series of 1,2,3-triazole-bearing benzenesulfonamides was assessed for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Département des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger.

Background: Niger has experienced multiple cholera outbreaks since the occurrence of cholera in West Africa in 1970-1971. Understanding the origins of these geographic variations at different scales in the region and in health districts is an essential step in the rational and operational fight against this disease.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all suspected cholera cases in Niger from 2003 to 2015. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Feb 30;19(2):203-214. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Centre for Genomics & Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Background: Oral vaccines underperform in low-income and middle-income countries compared with in high-income countries. Whether interventions can improve oral vaccine performance is uncertain.

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase oral vaccine efficacy or immunogenicity. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan 31;13(1):e0007124. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: Cholera remains a substantial health burden in Asia and Africa particularly in resource poor settings. The standard procedures to identify the etiological organism V. cholerae are isolation from microbiological culture from stool as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan 31;13(1):e0007057. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America.

The bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (BivWC) is being increasingly used to prevent cholera. The presence of O-antigen-specific memory B cells (MBC) has been associated with protective immunity against cholera, yet MBC responses have not been evaluated after BivWC vaccination. To address this knowledge gap, we measured V. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan 30;13(1):e0007134. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Background: Both cholera and food insecurity tend to occur in impoverished communities where poor access to food, inadequate sanitation, and an unsafe water supply often coexist. The relationship between the two, however, has not been well-characterized.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of household-level data from the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey in Haiti, a nationally and sub-nationally representative cross-sectional household survey conducted every five years. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Feb 29;63(2). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

J Biol Dyn 2019 Dec;13(1):69-102

b Complex Systems Research Center , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , People's Republic of China.

In this paper, an age-structured cholera model with multiple transmissions, saturation incidence and imperfect vaccination is proposed. In the model, we consider both the infection age of infected individuals and the biological age of Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment. Asymptotic smoothness is verified as a necessary argument. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section of Global Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Existing methodologies to record diarrheal disease incidence in households have limitations due to a high-episode recall error outside a 48-hour window. Our objective was to use mobile phones for reporting diarrheal episodes in households to provide real-time incidence data with minimum resource consumption and low recall error. From June 2014 to June 2015, we enrolled 417 low-income households in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and asked them to report diarrheal episodes to a call center. Read More

Int Immunol 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

Cholera toxin B (CTB) is a subunit of cholera toxin, a bacterial enterotoxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae and also functions as an immune adjuvant. However, it remains unclear how CTB activates immune cells. We here evaluated whether or how CTB induces production of a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukine-1β (IL-1β). Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Apr 25;233:218-233. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

National Innovation Foundation-India (Autonomous Body of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India), Grambharti, Amarapur, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382650, India. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman. (Family: Musaceae), commonly known as "Wild Banana" is well recorded as popular ethnomedicine for medicinal and nutritional uses by different people and communities native to India, Ethiopia, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Jan 25;19(1):112. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Global Public Health Solutions, Atlanta, USA.

Background: Cholera remains a disease of public health importance in Nigeria associated with high morbidity and mortality. In November 2014, the Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NFELTP) was notified of an increase in suspected cholera cases in Gomani, Kwali Local Government Area. NFELTP residents were deployed to investigate the outbreak with the objectives of verifying the diagnosis, identifying risk factors and instituting appropriate control measures to control the outbreak. Read More

Analyst 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.

Aptamers are envisioned to serve as powerful synthetic substitutes to antibodies in a variety of bioanalytical assay formats. However, lateral flow assays (LFAs) remain dominated by antibody-based strategies. In this study, a LFA for the detection of cholera toxin as a model analyte is developed and optimized using a synthetic aptamer and a naturally occurring receptor as biorecognition elements and directly compared with solely aptamer and aptamer and antibody-based alternative approaches. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2019 Jan 21;69:166-175. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India. Electronic address:

Geographical differences can manifest in different spectra of microorganisms and patterns of antibiotic resistance. Considering this, Enterobacteriacae isolated from septicemic neonates from a tertiary care centre in Agartala, India were studied with focus on carbapenem resistance. Two hundred non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae, of which 12 NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were recovered. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Introduction: In motor neurons, cholera toxin B (CTB) binds to the cell-surface ganglioside GM1 and is internalized and transported via structurally unique components of plasma membranes (lipid rafts).

Methods: Lipid raft uptake by axon terminals adjoining type-identified rat diaphragm muscle fibers was investigated using CTB and confocal imaging.

Results: Lipid raft uptake increased significantly at higher frequency stimulation (80 Hz), compared with lower frequency (20 Hz) and unstimulated (0 Hz) conditions. Read More

Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Background: Partially hydrolyzed milk formulas have been proposed for primary prevention in at risk infants, but evidence of their efficiency and elucidation of underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Thanks to a Th2-biased mouse model mimicking at risk patients, we aimed to assess the potency of a partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHWF) to induce oral tolerance thus preventing further cow's milk (CM) allergy.

Methods: BALB/c mice were gavaged with pHWF, standard milk formula (SF), or vehicle only (PBS+). Read More

Nature 2019 01;565(7740):397-398

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 21;19(1):76. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

Background: Cholera has been endemic in Ghana since its detection in 1970. It has been shown that long-term survival of the bacteria may be attained in aquatic environments. Consequently, cholera outbreaks may be triggered predominantly in densely populated urban areas. Read More

Lancet 2019 01;393(10168):218

ACS Macro Lett 2018 Dec 6;7(12):1498-1502. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.

Multivalent glycomaterials show high affinity toward lectins but are often nonselective as they lack the precise 3-D presentation found in native glycans. Here, thiolactone chemistry is exploited to enable the synthesis of glycopolymers with both a primary binding (galactose) and a variable secondary binding unit in close proximity to each other on the linker. These polymers are used to target the Cholera toxin B subunit, CTxB, inspired by its native branched glycan target, GM-1. Read More

Acta Biomed 2019 Jan 15;89(4):590-592. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Emergency Department. Academic Hospital of Parma, Italy.

The gastro enteric toxic effects of the barbel eggs have been described up to two centuries ago, but deliberate or serendipitous ingestion of this fish product still occur, often eliciting a gastrointestinal syndrome usually known as barbel cholera. Barbel cholera is a self-limited gastrointestinal diarrheic syndrome that develops 2 to 4 hours after ingestion of the eggs, lasting up to 12-36 hours, nearly always complicated by vomiting and severe abdominal pain. The disease is usually self-limited, and the prognosis is thus benign even without hospitalization and medical treatment. Read More

J Aquat Anim Health 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

This study investigates the environmental factors associated with the presence of Vibrionaceae in economically important cage-cultured tropical marine fish; the Asian Seabass, Red Snapper and Hybrid Grouper. Fish samplings were conducted at monthly intervals between December 2016 and August 2017. The body weight and length of individual fish were measured, while the skin, eye, liver and kidney were sampled for bacterial isolation and identification. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

A major earthquake in 2015 that struck Nepal created a favorable environment for the rapid spread of infectious diseases. In anticipation of a cholera outbreak in 2016, UNICEF, Johns Hopkins University, and the Group for Technical Assistance, Nepal, collaborated to assist the government of Nepal to strengthen early warning surveillance, laboratory-based diagnosis, and field investigation. This article outlines the challenges and lessons learned in cholera prevention and control based on the authors' experiences in 2016. Read More

Nucleic Acids Res 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Faculty of Biology I, Department of Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.

Bacteria use quorum sensing to monitor cell density and coordinate group behaviours. In Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, quorum sensing is connected to virulence gene expression via the two autoinducer molecules, AI-2 and CAI-1. Both autoinducers share one signal transduction pathway to control the production of AphA, a key transcriptional activator of biofilm formation and virulence genes. Read More

Chemistry 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, 92093-0358, La Jolla, UNITED STATES.

Apart from its function as a redox cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes, including PARPs. Their association with severe diseases necessitates the development of new discovery and analytical tools based on traceable NAD+ surrogates. Here we describe the synthesis, photophysics and biochemical utilization of an emissive, thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based, NAD+ surrogate, termed NthAD+. Read More

Afr J Lab Med 2018 6;7(2):778. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Background: The World Health Assembly adopted the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which includes improving the knowledge base through surveillance and research. Noteworthily, the World Health Organization has advocated a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to address the plan's surveillance objective, with most African countries enrolling in or after 2017.

Aim: The aim of this article was to review prior data on antimicrobial resistance of from sub-Saharan Africa with a view for future control and intervention strategies. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Departments of Community Health, Bioethics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address:

Introduction: Controlled human infection models (CHIM) have been used in vaccine development to up-select and down-select potential vaccine candidates and to provide proof of vaccine efficacy, and have also been used as a basis for licensure of vaccines for cholera and typhoid by regulatory agencies.

Chim In Dengue Vaccines Development: Dengue fever results in ∼400 million infections a year and is of significant health concern especially in India. There are currently no antivirals for the disease and the only licensed vaccine for dengue is not widely used owing to safety concerns. Read More

Avian Pathol 2019 Jan 14:1-27. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430064 , China.

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), a causative agent of fowl cholera, is an important pathogen in the poultry industry. In the present study, we found that the inactivated vaccine of P. Read More

Vaccine 2019 Feb 11;37(6):827-832. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address:

Cholera remains a major public health problem in many developing countries including Bangladesh. The oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is now considered a key component of the public health response to cholera. Although maintaining cold chain and organizing human resource are the major challenges of vaccine delivery to the community. Read More

Iran J Pathol 2018 12;13(3):301-307. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Dept of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran.

Background And Objective: Acute microbial diarrheal diseases are the major public health problems in the developing countries. People affected by diarrheal diseases have the lowest financial resources and poorest hygienic facilities. Children under five, primarily in Asian and African countries, are mostly the subjects affected by microbial diseases transmitted through water. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Jan 13:1040638718823850. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA.

Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, an economically important disease of commercial and backyard poultry. Turkeys are particularly susceptible to fowl cholera; both backyard and commercial turkeys can succumb to disease. On April 10, 2018, a dead 9-mo-old male Bronze turkey was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)-Turlock branch for postmortem examination. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Jan 11;116(5):1627-1632. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111

, the causative agent of cholera, has reservoirs in fresh and brackish water where it interacts with virulent bacteriophages. Phages are the most abundant biological entity on earth and coevolve with bacteria. It was reported that concentrations of phage and inversely correlate in aquatic reservoirs and in the human small intestine, and therefore that phages may quench cholera outbreaks. Read More

Vaccine 2019 Jan 7;37(5):711-720. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling 08100, Kedah, Malaysia. Electronic address:

The repeated dose toxicity of a prototype cold chain-free, live, attenuated oral cholera vaccine containing 5 × 10 CFU/mL of the VCUSM14P strain was evaluated in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (single dose administered daily for 30 days) to ascertain its safety for clinical use. Repeated dose toxicity studies for cholera vaccines in the literature have administered 2 or 3 fixed doses at 7, 14, 21 or 69 day intervals. The present study reports an evaluation of 30 repeated doses of cholera vaccine administered at three different concentrations (Group II (1. Read More