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Annu Rev Microbiol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email:

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium and constitutes a significant public health threat in many areas of the world. infection elicits potent and long-lasting immunity, and efforts to develop cholera vaccines have been ongoing for more than a century. Currently available inactivated two-dose oral cholera vaccines are increasingly deployed to both prevent and actively curb cholera outbreaks, and they are key components of the global effort to eradicate cholera. Read More

Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022 15;2022:3751521. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.

Background: Although the AMV and AMS vaccine candidates have similar characteristics as hemagglutinin and adhesive molecules, there are differences in molecular weight.

Objective: The research aims to determine the immunological cross-reaction between AMS and AMV.

Method: Antihemagglutination test used the anti-adhesion molecular antibody AMS. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 10;13:888195. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.

Background: During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of Zika were reported from Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India in 2021. The Dengue and Chikungunya negative samples were retrospectively screened to determine the presence of the Zika virus from different geographical regions of India.

Methods: During May to October 2021, the clinical samples of 1475 patients, across 13 states and a union territory of India were screened and re-tested for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika by CDC Trioplex Real time RT-PCR. Read More

Clin Exp Med 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)/SSKM Hospital, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India.

A comparative analysis of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), vasoactive angiogenic, and fibrogenic mediators between treatment-naive and treated systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients is an unmet need. (1)To assess the FMD and different pathogenic mediators in SSc patients about endothelial dysfunction. (2) To assess the proportion of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in treatment-naïve patients. Read More

Arch Microbiol 2022 Jun 24;204(7):420. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India.

Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae are closely related species. Environmental V.mimicus were comparatively analyzed with V. Read More

Viruses 2022 May 28;14(6). Epub 2022 May 28.

Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Influenza virus infects the host and transmits through the respiratory tract (i.e., the mouth and nose); therefore, the development of intranasal influenza vaccines that mimic the natural infection, coupled with an efficient mucosal adjuvant, is an attractive alternative to current parenteral vaccines. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jun 1;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.

(EC) is a significant emerging pathogen that is occasionally associated with lung infection, surgical site infection, urinary infection, sepsis, and outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units. In light of the fact that there is currently no approved vaccine or therapeutic option for the treatment of EC, the current study was developed to concentrate on applications based on modern computational approaches to design a multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine (MEBEPV) expressing the antigenic determinants prioritized from the EC genome. Integrated computational analyses identified two potential protein targets (phosphoporin protein-PhoE and putative outer-membrane porin protein) for further exploration on the basis of pangenome subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatic in-depth examination of the core proteomes. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Jun 1;11(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Rd, Subhas Sarobar Park, Phool Bagan, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India.

infection is considered as one of the strongest risk factors for gastric disorders. Infection triggers several host pathways to elicit inflammation, which further proceeds towards gastric complications. The NF-kB pathway plays a central role in the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jun 20;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Munster, Germany.

For five decades it has been known that the pentamer of B subunits (choleragenoid) of the cholera toxin (CT) of binds with high preference to the ganglioside GM1 (IINeu5Ac-Gg4Cer). However, the exact structures of CT-binding GM1 lipoforms of primary human colon epithelial cells (pHCoEpiCs) have not yet been described in detail. The same holds true for generating further GM1 receptor molecules from higher sialylated gangliosides with a GM1 core through the neuraminidase of . Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 15;23(12). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.

Despite recent advancements in therapeutic options for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), the lack of an efficient drug-delivery system (DDS) hampers their clinical application. We hypothesized that liposomes could be optimized for retrograde transport in axons as a DDS from peripheral tissues to the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Three types of liposomes consisting of DSPC, DSPC/POPC, or POPC in combination with cholesterol (Chol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid were administered to sciatic nerves or the tibialis anterior muscle of mature rats. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 10;19(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Background: Approximately 2.9 million people worldwide suffer from cholera each year, many of whom are destitute. However, understanding of immunity against cholera is still limited. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

enGenes Biotech GmbH, Mooslackengasse 17, 1190 Vienna, Austria.

Non-toxic derivatives of the cholera toxin are extensively used in neuroscience, as neuronal tracers to reveal the location of cells in the central nervous system. They are, also, being developed as vaccine components and drug-delivery vehicles. Production of cholera-toxin derivatives is often non-reproducible; the quality and quantity require extensive fine-tuning to produce them in lab-scale settings. Read More

mSystems 2022 Jun 23:e0021722. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.

Resistance-nodulation-division-type efflux system AdeABC plays an important role in carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii. However, a knowledge gap is observed regarding the role of its regulator AdeRS in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Read More

Mucosal Immunol 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

The lack of clinically applicable mucosal adjuvants is a major hurdle in designing effective mucosal vaccines. We hereby report that the calcium-binding protein S100A4, which regulates a wide range of biological functions, is a potent mucosal adjuvant in mice for co-administered antigens, including the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with comparable or even superior efficacy as cholera toxin but without causing any adverse reactions. Intranasal immunization with recombinant S100A4 elicited antigen-specific antibody and pulmonary cytotoxic T cell responses, and these responses were remarkably sustained for longer than 6 months. Read More

Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022 May 23;69. Epub 2022 May 23.

Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India.

Entamoeba moshkovskii Tshalaia, 1941 is prevalent in developing countries and it is considered to be primarily a free-living amoeba, which is morphologically indistinguishable, but biochemically and genetically different from the human infecting, pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903. The pathogenic potential of this organism is still under discussion. Entamoeba moshkovskii in human stool samples has been reported in different countries such as the United States, Italy, Australia, Iran, Turkey, Bangladesh, India (Pondicherry), Indonesia, Colombia, Malaysia, Tunisia, Tanzania and Brazil, but no data are available about the occurrence of E. Read More

Clin Microbiol Rev 2022 Jun 21:e0021121. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, persists in developing countries due to inadequate access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene. There are approximately 4 million cases and 143,000 deaths each year due to cholera. The disease is transmitted fecally-orally via contaminated food or water. Read More

Neuroscience 2022 Jun 17;496:129-140. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States. Electronic address:

Many anxiety disorders can be characterized by abnormalities in detecting and learning about threats, and the inability to reduce fear responses in non-threatening environments. PTSD may be the most representative of context processing pathology, as intrusive memories are experienced in "safe" contexts. The ventral subiculum (vSUB), the main output of the ventral hippocampus, encodes environmental cues and is critical for context processing. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 2;13:912297. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

, the etiological agent of cholera, is a facultative intestinal pathogen which can also survive in aquatic ecosystems in the form of biofilms, surface-associated microbial aggregates embedded in an extracellular matrix, which protects them from predators and hostile environmental factors. Biofilm-derived bacteria and biofilm aggregates are considered a likely source for cholera infections, underscoring the importance of biofilm research not just to better understand bacterial ecology, but also cholera pathogenesis in the human host. While several studies focused on factors induced during biofilm formation, genes repressed during this persistence stage have been fairly neglected. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2022 16;41:215. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

University of Zimbabwe, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Global and Public Health, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Introduction: in 2018-2019 Chegutu District had one notification form Tally 1 (T1) that was completed instead of seven for detected notifiable diseases. Different figures of cholera were reported through weekly rapid disease notification system with 106 patients and Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NDSS) with 111 patients, causing data discrepancy. We evaluated the NDSS to determine reasons for underperformance and data discrepancy. Read More

Endeavour 2022 Jun 15:100815. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

Naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg pioneered research on living and fossil infusoria (including protists and bacteria) since the 1830s by collecting samples from all over the world, thus describing numerous microbes and discussing their effects for the planet and for humankind. This article introduces Ehrenberg as a natural historian of microbes and situates his work in the nineteenth century life sciences with respect to debates about cell theory, evolution, and concepts of disease. I argue that in spite of occurring before these major conceptual innovations of the life sciences, Ehrenberg's work on the diversity of microbes found in earth or air is more exciting than historiography has made it appear so far, especially in light of today's ecological microbiology. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022 Jun 9;29:563. Epub 2021 Dec 9.

Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India. Electronic address:

PLoS Pathog 2022 Jun 17;18(6):e1010581. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of the severe human diarrheal disease cholera. To colonize mammalian hosts, this pathogen must defend against host-derived toxic compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO) and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS can covalently add an NO group to a reactive cysteine thiol on target proteins, a process called protein S-nitrosylation, which may affect bacterial stress responses. Read More

Front Public Health 2022 30;10:870276. Epub 2022 May 30.

Clinical Trials Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Cholera remains a significant public health problem among the vulnerable populations living in many resource-limited settings with poor access to safe and clean water and hygiene practice. Around 2.86 million cholera cases and 95,000 deaths are estimated to occur in endemic countries. Read More

Presse Med 2022 Jun 12:104136. Epub 2022 Jun 12.

Hôpital Européen, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France.

The cholera epidemic that hit Haiti from October 2010 to February 2019 was the world's deadliest of the last 25 years. Officially, the successive waves caused 9789 deaths, although numerous additional casualties could not be recorded. The origin of this epidemic has been the subject of a controversy involving two opposing theories. Read More

Microb Cell Fact 2022 Jun 13;21(1):114. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.

Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is a pathogenic that can infect human, animal and aquatic organisms, in which poses a huge threat to the health of many aquatic organisms such as Cyprinus carpio. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (L. Read More

Access Microbiol 2022 23;4(3):000324. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Kenya Medical Research Institute, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya.

is a biofilm-forming pathogen with various virulence phenotypes and antimicrobial resistance traits. Phenotypic characteristics play a critical role in disease transmission and pathogenesis. The current study elucidated antibiofilm formation activity, profiled antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors of toxigenic isolates from the cholera outbreak in Kisumu County, Kenya. Read More

BMC Public Health 2022 Jun 10;22(1):1161. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Background: The incidence of acute diarrhea in Thai children under five years of age has increased over the last three decades. Even though mortality has significantly declined, the burden and cost of medical treatment are still high. Our objectives are to describe the burden and pattern of acute diarrhea cases that required admissions by Thai children under five years of age from 2015 to 2019. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2022 May 29;15(11). Epub 2022 May 29.

Centre for Bioprocessing, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3220, Australia.

Gold nanoparticles (GNP) were bio-fabricated utilizing the methanolic extract of the endophytic isolate . The biosynthesised gold nanoparticles (GNP023) were characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis); transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform nfrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The bio-fabricated GNP023 displayed a sharp SPR peak at 536 nm, were spherically shaped, and had an average size between 10-16 nm. Read More

Foods 2022 May 25;11(11). Epub 2022 May 25.

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal disorder caused by the ingestion of gluten in people who carry the susceptible gene. In current celiac disease research, wheat gluten is often the main target of attention, neglecting the role played by non-gluten proteins. This study aimed to describe the effects of wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI, non-gluten proteins) and gliadin in BALB/c mice while exploring the further role of relevant adjuvants (cholera toxin, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid and dextran sulfate sodium) intervention. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address:

Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) causes invasive disease like bacteremia which is rarely diagnosed. We conducted this retrospective study of H. Read More