Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Pediatr Surg 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Kapi'olani Medical Center for Children, 1319 Punahou St., Honolulu, HI, USA 96826.

Background/purpose: High surgical volume for both surgeons and hospital systems has been linked to improved outcomes for many surgical problems, yet case volumes per pediatric surgeon are diminishing nationally in complex pediatric surgery. We therefore sought to review our experience in a geographically isolated setting where a surgical team approach has been used to improve per-surgeon exposure to index pediatric surgical cases.

Methods: As a surgical group, we incorporated a surgical team approach to complex pediatric surgical cases in 2010. Read More

J Perinat Med 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

Background There is little information on which to base the prognostic counselling as to whether an antenatally diagnosed fetal abdominal cyst will grow or shrink, or need surgery. This study aims to provide contemporary data on prenatally diagnosed fetal abdominal cysts in relation to their course and postnatal outcomes. Methods Fetal abdominal cysts diagnosed over 11 years in a single centre were identified. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.

Purpose: Late postoperative complications in choledochal cyst (CC) patients are severe problems that affect the quality of life (QOL). We evaluated the postoperative complications and health-related QOL (HRQOL) of CC patients ≥ 18 years of age.

Methods: From April 1984 to January 2018, 114 CC patients underwent definitive surgery at our institution. Read More

J Ultrasound 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Radiology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Paediatric biliary tract and gallbladder diseases include a variety of entities with a wide range of clinical presentations. Cholestasis represents an impaired secretion of bilirubin by hepatocytes, manifesting with high blood levels of conjugated bilirubin and jaundice. Various causes may be involved, which can be recognised analysing blood tests and hepatobiliary imaging, while sometimes liver biopsy or surgery may be necessary. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e13640

Rationale: Coils migration following endovascular treatment of arterial bleeding is rare. There was no clear route to deal with this complication.

Patient Concerns: A 55-year-old woman underwent choledochal cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 Jan;7(2):215-220

Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.

Background: Infiltrative adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the extrahepatic bile duct is reported infrequently, which is an unusual variant of the ordinary adenocarcinoma. The simultaneous development of ASC and cystadenocarcinoma in the extrahepatic biliary tree is rare. In addition, the accurate preoperative diagnosis of concomitant carcinoma in the multiple biliary trees at an early stage is often difficult. Read More

Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Servicio de Endoscopia, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México, México.

PLoS One 2019 17;14(1):e0210805. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is seldom used in children, and published series have limited numbers of pediatric patients. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pediatric ERCP in a large group of children.

Methods: Data were evaluated from 626 children with biliopancreatic disorders admitted to University Hospital Motol, Prague, between January 1999 and January 2018. Read More

Case Rep Radiol 2018 12;2018:8346232. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Centre Hospitalier de Dunkerque, France.

The choledochal cyst is a rare congenital malformation of the bile ducts. It is considered as a precancerous state. The incidence of cancer in choledochal cyst increases with age and occurs around 32 years old. Read More

Surg Endosc 2019 Jan 2. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Background: Complete cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the standard procedure for choledochal cysts (CCs). In recent years, neonates have been increasingly diagnosed with CCs prenatally. Earlier treatment has been recommended to avoid complications. Read More

Anticancer Res 2019 Jan;39(1):437-441

Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, U.S.A.

Background: Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UC-OGC) in distal common bile duct (CBD) is a rare entity.

Case Report: This case report describes a 45-year-old male with a history of a choledochal cyst status post partial excision and cholecystectomy who presented with a mass in the remaining distal/intrapancreatic common bile duct. It was initially mistaken for post-surgery hematoma; however, the rapid growth raised concern for malignancy, and prompted a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) procedure. Read More

Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2018 Nov 27;22(4):359-366. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Backgrounds/aims: In adult choledochal cysts, complete excision of cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy by laparoscopy is typically been performed, but there is now a trend towards adopting robot-assisted resection.

Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, 22 patients who underwent robotic procedure were classified as Group 1, and 34 patients who underwent the same laparoscopic procedure as Group 2. In addition, from September 2009 to July 2011, 13 patients who underwent laparoscopic procedure were classified as Group 3. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(50):e13531

Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing.

Rationale: Ciliopathies is a group of clinically and genetically overlapping disorders due to cilia abnormalities and multiple organ systems are involved in.

Patient Concerns: We present a young female patient who showed renal function impairment, Caroli syndrome (CS), liver cirrhosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and multiple subcutaneous cysts.

Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with ciliopathy according to the clinical manifestations and whole-genome sequencing. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.

Choledochal cysts (CDCs) and biliary atresia (BA) are rare pediatric hepatobiliary anomalies that require surgical intervention due to increased risk of malignancy and liver failure, respectively. The underlying disease and operative procedures place patients at risk for long-term complications, which may continue to affect them into adulthood. Lack of a transitional care model in the health-care system potentiates the challenges they will face following aging out of their pediatric providers' care. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2018 Nov;6(14):842-846

Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.

Choledochocele (also known as type III choledochal cyst according to Todani's classification) is a cystic dilation of the distal segment of the common bile duct protruding into the duodenal lumen. Cases are rare and the etiology remains unclear. It is usually misdiagnosed as peptic ulcer, as in the patient whose case is described here. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2018 Nov 7. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.

Choledochal malformations (CMs) represent a spectrum of relatively rare and complex congenital anomalies, characterized by abnormal dilatation of the biliary tract in the absence of any acute obstruction. Today, almost 20% of CMs can be detected in-utero using maternal ultrasonography. Formal scientometric analysis was used to identify where modern CM research is taking place and perhaps where our attention should be directed in the future. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Jan;44(1):e51-e53

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the biliary tree, which are more prevalent in female Asian population. Malignant transformation occurs in 10% to 30% of adults with choledochal cysts. A 39-year-old man presented with abdominal pain for 2 months, with irregular thickening of bile duct wall on ultrasound and enhanced CT. Read More

European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2018 Jan 18;6(1):e83-e86. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Choledochal cyst (CC) is an important surgical cause of jaundice in infants. Infantile variant of CC can mimic biliary atresia in clinical presentation. CC associated with biliary atresia is well described in literature. Read More

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018 Dec 21;25(12):544-549. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, 860 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8660, Japan.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics, management, and outcomes of congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) in neonates and infants (<1 year old) in a single institution over the past 20 years.

Methods: From 1997 to 2016, 21 patients <1 year old underwent definitive surgery for CBD. Open surgery (OS) was performed between 1997 and 2008, and laparoscopic surgery (LS) has been performed since 2009. Read More

Chin Med Sci J 2018 Sep;33(3):194-203

Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Choledochocele is a congenital abnormality of the biliary system, which characterized by a cystic dilatation of intramural segment of the distal common bile duct. Choledochocele manifests as cystic lesions in the duodenal lumen and resembles duodenal duplication cysts in imaging. We reported a patient with choledochocele. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 12;86(2):186-188. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Biliary tract shows a large number of anatomic variations and duplication of the bile duct is an extremely rare anomaly. It has been reported to be associated with other congenital conditions like Abnormal Pancreato Biliary Junction (APBJ), biliary atresia and choledochal cyst and may lead to complications like cholangitis, choledocholithiasis and malignancy. The clinical presentation may be with one of the above complications and the condition usually reveals itself only on imaging investigations, as a surprise to the radiologist and the surgeon. Read More

J Minim Access Surg 2018 Sep 3. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Santokba Institute of Digestive Surgical Sciences, Santokba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital Cum Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

A Type II choledochal cyst arising from the right hepatic duct may mimic a gall bladder duplication. Both are rare and may not get differentiated before operative exploration. While a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may be helpful, laparoscopy may be the final tool for evaluation and effective surgical treatment. Read More

Biosci Trends 2018 Sep 26;12(4):426-431. Epub 2018 Aug 26.

Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne.

Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (Caroli's disease) is a rare biliary disease. Although multiple reports exist describing its surgical treatment, relatively few have provided long-term follow-up. Prospective data about 25 cases of monolobular Caroli's disease, with liver resection between 1974 and 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Aug 23;18(1):129. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the extent of excision and the patent bile duct flow on treatment outcomes of bile duct cysts (BDCs).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 382 patients who received surgery for BDCs from January 2005 to December 2014.

Results: For Type Ia cysts, proper bile flow was associated with good long-term treatment outcomes with a greater level of significance (p < 0. Read More

Saudi J Anaesth 2018 Jul-Sep;12(3):499-500

Department of Anaesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

World J Gastroenterol 2018 Aug;24(29):3260-3272

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China.

Aim: To analyze the expression and function of the Notch signaling target gene Hes1 in a rhesus rotavirus-induced mouse biliary atresia model.

Methods: The morphologies of biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia patients and in a mouse model were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Then, the differential expression of Notch signaling pathway-related molecules was investigated. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2018 Jul;6(7):143-149

Department of Pediatrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Our paper describes the key surgical points of pediatric choledochocystectomy performed completely by Da Vinci robotic system. A choledochocystectomy was safely carried out for a girl at our hospital, and without any complication. Then systematic literature review was done to discuss the methods of intestine surgery and intestinal anastomosis, the use of 3 robotic arm, the surgical safety and advantages comparing open and laparoscopic surgery. Read More

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 2;43(1):1-2. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Medicine, Marienhausklinik St. Josef Kohlhof, Klinikweg 1-5, 66539 Neunkirchen, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Aug 2. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiang Su Province, China.

Pediatr Surg Int 2018 Oct 2;34(10):1087-1092. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.

Purpose: We previously showed that meticulous probing and resection of the intrahepatic bile duct stenosis (IHBDS)-causing membrane or septum was effective in preventing hepatolithiasis after choledochal cyst excisions in open surgeries. Then, we introduced this maneuver into laparoscopic choledochal cyst excisions in 2014 and performed routine resections since then. The aim of this study was to show the feasibility of this method in laparoscopic surgery. Read More

J Med Ultrasound 2017 Oct-Dec;25(4):235-239. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwa.

Choledochal cysts rarely present with acute pancreatitis. We report a patient with type I choledochal cyst(s) who had concomitant acute frank hemorrhagic pancreatitis. A 14-year-old male noted with a history of recurrent abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 16;29:156. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Greffe du Foie, Etablissement Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Oran, Algérie.

Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2018 Jul-Sep;23(3):161-163

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

A 1-year-old male child presented with progressive jaundice. Investigations were suggestive of an obstructive pathology with a suspected choledochal cyst on imaging. Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrated runoff of contrast from the cystic duct into the common bile duct with no opacification of the biliary system proximal to this. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2018 Jul 1:1066896918786586. Epub 2018 Jul 1.

1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Primary visceral myopathy caused by a pathogenic mutation in the gene encoding the enteric smooth muscle actin gamma 2 ( ACTG2) affects gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and often presents as chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. We present a case of pediatric onset chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with a novel missense ACTG2 mutation c.439G>T/p. Read More

Crit Ultrasound J 2018 Jul 12;10(1):14. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian, Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Background: The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become increasingly important in resource-limited settings. It can rapidly diagnose both tropical infectious diseases and more common pathology at the bedside. In these practice settings, POCUS can have a significant impact on management strategies and patient care. Read More

Rev Col Bras Cir 2018 Jul 10;45(3):e1854. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

- Pequeno Príncipe Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Objective: to describe the first 13 cases of laparoscopic correction of common bile duct cyst in the Pequeno Príncipe Hospital, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Methods: we performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of cases of choledochal cyst operated by laparoscopy between March 2014 and September 2016.

Results: of the 13 patients, eight were female and the mean age at surgery was 7. Read More

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2018 Jul 28;21(3):203-208. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe our treatment experiences with patients who had acute abdomen (AA) with common bile duct (CBD) dilatation.

Methods: The treatment outcomes in children with AA and CBD dilatation were retrospectively reviewed. According to the shape of the intrahepatic bile ducts on ultrasonography (US), the origin of the pain was estimated as choledochal cyst (CC) complication or choledocholithiasis in normal CBD. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Apr 9;13(2):415-418. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 102375, Hanes House Rm 370, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cystic biliary atresia (CBA) is a relatively uncommon but clinically significant variant of biliary atresia. The presence of a cyst in the hepatic hilum on imaging in an infant with cholestasis supports the diagnosis of CBA, but can also be seen in patients with a choledochal cyst-the main differential diagnosis in patients with CBA. The reported case outlines the clinical presentation and imaging findings in a patient with surgically confirmed and treated CBA and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing CBA from choledochal cyst at diagnostic imaging given the disparate timing and type of surgical treatment necessary for successful management of these distinct entities. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 13;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

General Surgery, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico.

Biliary cystic disease is a rare entity. Twenty-five per cent of cases are diagnosed during adulthood and only a few reports have described this condition during pregnancy, where it represents a therapeutic challenge for both obstetricians and surgeons with regard to the risks it entails for the patient and the fetus.Definitive management is surgical resection, as cysts may progress to malignancy if untreated. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 05 26;8(5):e022162. Epub 2018 May 26.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the operating time for complete cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in paediatric cases of congenital choledochal malformation (CCM).

Design: A 3-year retrospective study was undertaken between January 2013 and December 2015 in four centres in China.

Setting: This involved a retrospective chart review of paediatric patients with CCM in four large hospitals in Southeast China. Read More

J Minim Access Surg 2018 May 24. Epub 2018 May 24.

Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Choledochal cyst (CDC) is often associated with intrahepatic stones (IHSs) in children which necessitate their removal during excision. The endoscopic equipment needed for their clearance such as paediatric flexible cholangioscope and other advanced modalities are not freely available in resource-poor setups. We describe per-operative modified rigid cholangioscopy using rigid paediatric cystoscope for stone removal during open CDC excision. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2018 05 11;18(1):158. Epub 2018 May 11.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University, School of Medicine, 30-1 Ooyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.

Background: In biliary atresia, the disease process of obliterative cholangiopathy may begin in the perinatal period; however, no chronological evidence exists on how the cholangiopathy progresses to biliary obliteration. This is the first acquired case with the final diagnosis of type III cystic biliary atresia with an extrahepatic biliary cyst which showed the progression of obliterative cholangiopathy in chronological order after birth.

Case Presentation: An 81-day-old girl presented with acute abdominal distress due to bilious peritonitis caused by biliary cyst perforation, for which she underwent emergency biliary drainage. Read More

Surg Today 2018 Sep 20;48(9):835-840. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.

Purpose: The late postoperative complications of choledochal cyst (CC) surgery are serious and include intrahepatic stones and biliary carcinoma; therefore, long-term follow-up is crucial.

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who underwent surgery for CC at Kagoshima University Hospital between April, 1984 and December, 2016. We analyzed the operative results, early and late postoperative complications, and postoperative follow-up rate. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 13;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital malformation which is usually found in young children and adolescents but can rarely present in the adult age group. It can present with several complications like cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, malignancy and rarely spontaneous rupture (in 2% of cases) causing biliary peritonitis. A case of spontaneous rupture of choledochal cyst during second trimester of pregnancy is reported where the patient was managed by minimal surgery, peritoneal washout, placement of T-tube and planned for definitive treatment in the postpartum period. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018 Apr;50(2):335-339

Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

This case report is about one genetically specified diagnosed infant case of Caroli syndrome with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) in China. The patient in this case report was an eight-month infant boy with an atypical onset and the main clinical manifestation was non-symptomatic enlargement of the liver and kidneys. The imaging study demonstrated a diffused cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts as well as polycystic changes in bilateral kidneys. Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2018 Apr 26;94(4):190-195. Epub 2018 Mar 26.

Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Increasing surgical expertise in minimally invasive surgery has allowed laparoscopic surgery to be performed in many abdominal surgeries. Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy are challenging and sophisticated surgeries because of the difficult anastomosis. Recent advances in robotic surgery have enabled more delicate and precise movements, and Endowrist instruments allow for securing sutures during anastomosis. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 Sep 6;155(3):621-622. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Liver Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018 Oct;43(10):2790-2808

Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Suite 1087, Main Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Few things in radiology are "pathognomonic" in their appearance or presentation. However, having an awareness of those findings which are specific to a certain entity is important when interpreting imaging studies. These classic findings can be identified with many imaging modalities, but no modality provides as many recognizable observations as an MRI. Read More

Am Surg 2018 Feb;84(2):319-321

Am Surg 2018 Mar;84(3):462-465