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BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jun 30;13(6). Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Adolescent and Child Health, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.

We report an unusual case of an 11-day-old neonate presenting with haemolacria on a background of sticky conjunctival discharge. This was secondary to pseudomembranous conjunctivitis which responded well to systemic erythromycin. Early appropriate treatment is important to prevent progression of the ophthalmic infection, which could lead to blindness, and to prevent other manifestations of neonatal chlamydial infection, particularly pneumonia, which could be fatal. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 17;21(8). Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.

Pneumonia is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in humans. Animal models are indispensable to investigate the complex cellular interactions during lung injury and repair in vivo. The time sequence of lesion development and regeneration is described after endobronchial inoculation of calves with Calves were necropsied 2-37 days after inoculation (dpi). Read More

Avian Pathol 2020 Jun 12;49(3):251-260. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.

is an important zoonotic pathogen and its oral route of infection plays an important role in the transmission and persistence. strain, a common contaminant of animal feed and feedstuffs, can cause severe diarrhoea and malnutrition in poultry. In our previous study, a strain (Dawu C), isolated from the haemorrhagic lungs of infected chickens, was shown to harbour two virulence genes () and was able to induce haemorrhagic lesions in the lungs, as well as gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) syndrome in broilers. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Dec 20;25(12):987-994. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.

The obligate intracellular bacteria chlamydia is major human pathogen that causes millions of trachoma, sexually transmitted infections and pneumonia worldwide. We serendipitously found that both calpain inhibitors z-Val-Phe-CHO and z-Leu-Nle-CHO showed marked inhibitory activity against chlamydial growth in human epithelial HeLa cells, whereas other calpain inhibitors not. These peptidomimetic inhibitors consist of N-benzyloxycarbonyl group and hydrophobic dipeptide derivatives. Read More

Dis Aquat Organ 2019 Jan;132(3):203-208

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy.

This study reports gross, histopathological, and molecular features of a Chlamydia abortus infection in a stranded female striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba from the Tyrrhenian coast of southern Italy. Post-mortem examination revealed liver congestion, splenic lymphoid depletion with capsular petechiae, and pneumonia. Histology revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation with vasculitis and congestion. Read More

Microorganisms 2019 May 24;7(5). Epub 2019 May 24.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Bacteria of the family are a type of Gram-negative microorganism typified by their obligate intracellular lifestyle. The majority of the members in the family are known pathogenic organisms that primarily infect the host mucosal surfaces in both humans and animals. For instance, is a well-known etiological agent for ocular and genital sexually transmitted diseases, while has been implicated in community-acquired pneumonia in humans. Read More

Acta Med Port 2019 Feb 28;32(2):161-164. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Serviço de Doenças Infeciosas. Centro Hospitalar do Porto. Porto. Portugal.

Psittacosis is a rare disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, an intracellular bacteria transmitted by contaminated birds. The clinical and radiological presentations are nonspecific. We describe a case of a 42-year-old woman, with known exposure to birds, who presented to the emergency department with one-week evolution of myalgia, polyarthritis, and respiratory symptoms. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 4;10:113. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

The Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.

are a genus of successful obligate intracellular pathogens spread across humans, wildlife, and domesticated animals. The most common species reported in livestock in this genus are , , , and . Chlamydial infections trigger a series of inflammatory disease-related sequelae including arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and abortion. Read More

Microb Pathog 2019 Apr 28;129:106-111. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, PR China. Electronic address:

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacteria, which can infect cervix, urethra, conjunctiva, joints, lungs and so on. Neutrophils are important in host protection against microbial invasion during the early phase of infection. Here, to investigate the mechanism of IL-17A in recruiting neutrophils during Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection, we introduced IL-17A antibodies and IL-17 mice to confirm the effect of IL-17A on influencing neutrophil attractants expressions. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 02 29;63(2). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

The activities of omadacycline, azithromycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were tested against 15 isolates of The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of the isolates of were inhibited by omadacycline was 0.25 μg/ml (range, 0.03 to 0. Read More

Lakartidningen 2018 11 27;115. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Klinisk kemi och Klinisk och experimentell medicin, Linköpings Universitet - Linköping , Sweden -.

Psittacosis (parrot fever) is underdiagnosed in Sweden, possibly due to lack of awareness, and the fact that only five out of 24 clinical microbiology laboratories routinely perform the PCR test for Chlamydia psittaci. The test has shown 100% sensitivity and 100% sensitivity for the pathogen in samples from the lower part of the respiratory tract which caters for a high predictive value in patients with symptoms and signs of community-acquired atypical pneumonias, provided optimal patient selection. Knowledge and awareness of treatable rare diseases amongst healthcare personnel combined with conveniently available cost-effective diagnostic techniques is essential for improvements in the handling of rare diseases. Read More

Lakartidningen 2018 11 27;115. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Clinical Microbiology - Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, Sweden Clinical Microbiology - Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, Sweden.

Psittacosis, parrot fever, is an infectious disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, a common pathogen among birds. The clinical course ranges from a mild flu-like illness to severe disease that requires intensive care in humans. We report three cases of severe pneumonia where C. Read More

mSphere 2018 10 10;3(5). Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

We demonstrate the genetic transformation of using a plasmid shuttle vector system which generates stable transformants. The equine N16 isolate harbors the 7.5-kb plasmid pCpnE1. Read More

BMC Genomics 2018 Aug 2;19(1):575. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany.

Background: Members of the phylum Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens of humans and animals and have a serious impact on host health. They comprise several zoonotic species with varying disease outcomes and prevalence. To investigate differences in virulence, we focused on Chlamydia psittaci, C. Read More

J Bacteriol 2018 10 10;200(19). Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that undergo an essential, but poorly understood, biphasic developmental cycle transitioning between the infectious elementary body and the replicative reticulate body. Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation has been increasingly recognized for its role in regulating bacterial physiology. spp. Read More

Curr Neurovasc Res 2018 ;15(3):262-273

Department of Surgery, Volta Regional Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana, West Africa.

Chlamydia Pneumoniae (C. Pn) is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that is associated with respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, pharyngitis and bronchitis. It has also been implicated in cerebrovascular (stroke) as well as cardiovascular diseases. Read More

Pathog Dis 2018 08 1;76(6). Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada.

PI3Ks display integrant significance in T-cell development and differentiation, which is related to host defense against infections. Here, we investigated the role of p110δ isoform of PI3Ks in host defense against chlamydial lung infection in a mouse model. Our data showed that lung infection with Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2018 Aug 31;177(8):1255-1260. Epub 2018 May 31.

Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

We analyzed the effects of delivery methods on Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants. Three hundred forty-four children hospitalized with Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia were enrolled. They were divided into the vaginal delivery group and the cesarean delivery group. Read More

J Gen Appl Microbiol 2018 Nov 15;64(5):253-257. Epub 2018 May 15.

Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University.

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for respiratory diseases, including pneumonia and bronchitis, and is highly involved in chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease. We previously showed that the host apoptotic factor caspase-9 played a crucial role for chlamydial multiplication and host apoptosis inhibition by chlamydial infection. To identify chlamydial genes interacting with human caspase-9, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed and 5 chlamydial genes, including Cpj0838 and pmpG were isolated from the C. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jul 17;79(1):110-117. Epub 2018 Mar 17.

Dermatology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; Epidémiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) Val de Marne, Créteil, France; Referral Center for Toxic Bullous Diseases, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; UPEC, Créteil, France.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been documented in erythema multiforme (EM) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrosis (SJS-TEN). Clinical aspects of M pneumoniae-related EM have been poorly described in the literature.

Objective: To highlight differences between M pneumoniae EM and non-M pneumoniae EM. Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2018 03 6;17(3):217-227. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

a Department of Biological Sciences , Alabama State University , Montgomery , AL , USA.

Introduction: There is a persisting global burden and considerable public health challenge by the plethora of ocular, genital and respiratory diseases caused by members of the Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Chlamydia. The major diseases are conjunctivitis and blinding trachoma, non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, and interstitial pneumonia. The failures in screening and other prevention programs led to the current medical opinion that an efficacious prophylactic vaccine is the best approach to protect humans from chlamydial infections. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2017 Oct;9(5):288-294

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) is caused by infection of sheep and goats by bacterium. Chlamydial abortion in bovine could occur by and is the causative agent of psittacosis or ornithosis disease in humans and birds. It also causes acute pneumonia in cattle and sheep. Read More

BMC Genomics 2017 Dec 6;18(1):949. Epub 2017 Dec 6.

Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.

Background: Chlamydia (C.) gallinacea is a recently identified bacterium that mainly infects domestic chickens. Demonstration of C. Read More

Respir Investig 2017 Nov 22;55(6):357-364. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a causative pathogen of lower respiratory tract infection, which generally infects healthy, young people. However, it is often difficult to evaluate acute C. pneumoniae infection using upper respiratory tract specimens and/or sputum samples due to its persistent infection or colonization. Read More

Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2017 Dec 25;77(8):644-650. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

a Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.

Introduction: Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligatory human pathogen involved in lower and upper airway infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis. Asymptomatic C. pneumoniae carriage is also relatively common. Read More

Front Microbiol 2017 29;8:1916. Epub 2017 Sep 29.

Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux - INRA, USC EA 3671, Bordeaux, France.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 09 22;9:CD010485. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa, 7505.

Background: Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis) infection may lead to pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preterm labour, low birthweight, preterm rupture of membranes, increased perinatal mortality, postpartum endometritis, chlamydial conjunctivitis and C.trachomatis pneumonia. Read More

J Ultrasound 2017 Sep 11;20(3):247-249. Epub 2017 Feb 11.

Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Background: Chlamydia pneumonia is reported to account for a relatively large number of cases of CAP. In elderly patients in particular, the clinical presentation can be a severe form of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The chest X-ray presentation is aspecific. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2017 10 3;145(13):2701-2703. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

Department of Pathobiology,College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University,AL,USA.

Chlamydia gallinacea, a new chlamydial agent, has been reported in four European countries as well as Argentina and China. Experimentally infected chickens with C. gallinacea in previous study showed no clinical signs but had significantly reduced gains in body weight (6·5-11·4%). Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017 Aug 6;50(2):247-251. Epub 2017 Jun 6.

Cerexa, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA.

Background: Therapy directed against atypical pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often recommended. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the effect of addition of a macrolide to ceftaroline fosamil or ceftriaxone treatment in atypical CAP.

Methods: Two phase 3, double-blind, comparative safety and efficacy studies of ceftaroline fosamil vs. Read More

Sci Pharm 2017 Apr 26;85(2). Epub 2017 Apr 26.

National Quality Control Laboratory, P.O. Box 29726, Nairobi 00202, Kenya.

Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic macrolide indicated for treatment of pneumonias, , and chlamydial and skin infections. The object of this study was to evaluate the pharmaceutical equivalence of 14 generic clarithromycin products marketed in Nairobi County, Kenya, to the innovator products, using in vitro dissolution profiles and similarity factors (f₂). Further, dissolution profiles of four innovator formulations manufactured in different sites were compared. Read More

J Bacteriol 2017 06 25;199(12). Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Chaperonins are essential for cellular growth under normal and stressful conditions and consequently represent one of the most conserved and ancient protein classes. The paradigm chaperonin, EcGroEL, and its cochaperonin, EcGroES, assist in the folding of proteins via an ATP-dependent mechanism. In addition to the presence of and homologs, paralogs are found in many bacteria, including pathogens, and have evolved poorly understood species-specific functions. Read More

PLoS One 2017 27;12(1):e0170787. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular (CEBIM), Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae are atypical pathogens responsible for pneumonia and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low income countries. The study objective is to determine the prevalence of this pathogens in Peruvian children with acute respiratory infections.

Methods: A consecutive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lima, Peru from May 2009 to September 2010. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2016 Dec 15;16(1):292. Epub 2016 Dec 15.

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.

Background: Environmental chlamydiae belonging to the Parachlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, and are a risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, whether amoebae harboring environmental chlamydiae actually survive in hospital environments is unknown. We therefore isolated living amoebae with symbiotic chlamydiae from hospital environments. Read More

New Microbiol 2017 Jan 7;40(1):33-37. Epub 2016 Nov 7.

Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health problem in developed countries with over 17 million deaths per year. In the last decade, several infectious agents rather than any single pathogen, including Chlamydia pneumoniae and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been shown to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events by inducing systemic inflammation and/or acting directly on the vascular wall. For the first time, we evaluated C. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Sep 12;2016. Epub 2016 Sep 12.

Department of Microbiology, UHCW, Coventry, UK Department of Microbiology, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, UK.

A 61-year-old man was admitted with a 1-week history of influenza-like symptoms during a period of increased influenza virus activity. He soon developed type 2 respiratory failure and became increasingly drowsy. He later suffered a convulsive episode in the intensive care unit (ICU) which self-terminated. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2016 Nov 24;155(4):356-360. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Chlamydiosis is a common infectious disease of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), but Chlamydia spp. have not yet been demonstrated to cause pneumonia in these animals. A juvenile male koala died following an episode of respiratory disease. Read More

FEBS Lett 2016 Nov 11;590(21):3887-3904. Epub 2016 Sep 11.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Germany.

Community-acquired pneumonia is caused by intra- and extracellular bacteria, with some of these bacteria also being linked to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is highly sensitive to micro-environmental conditions controlling both pathogen growth and host immune responses. The availability of nutrients, as well as changes in oxygen, pH and interferon-γ levels, have been shown to directly influence the chlamydial life cycle and clearance. Read More

Front Microbiol 2016 22;7:974. Epub 2016 Jun 22.

USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Univ. BordeauxBordeaux, France; USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRABordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de BordeauxBordeaux, France.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes community-acquired respiratory tract infections, particularly in school-aged children and young adults. These infections occur both endemically and epidemically worldwide. M. Read More

Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2016 08 2;36(3):483-502. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.

Chronic bacterial infection is implicated in both the development and severity of asthma. The atypical bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae have been identified in the airways of asthmatics and correlated with clinical features such as adult onset, exacerbation risks, steroid sensitivity, and symptom control. Asthmatic patients with evidence of bacterial infection may benefit from antibiotic treatment directed towards these atypical organisms. Read More

FEBS Lett 2016 Nov 26;590(21):3920-3940. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Immunology, Isle of Riems, Germany.

Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis/ornithosis in birds and is an economically important pathogen for poultry farming. It also infects nonavian domestic animals as well as rodents, and is a zoonotic human pathogen responsible for atypical pneumonia. The bacterium efficiently disseminates in host organisms causing pulmonary and systemic disease. Read More

J Bacteriol 2016 08 13;198(15):2131-9. Epub 2016 Jul 13.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Unlabelled: Intracellular bacterial pathogens in the family Chlamydiaceae are causes of human blindness, sexually transmitted disease, and pneumonia. Genetic dissection of the mechanisms of chlamydial pathogenicity has been hindered by multiple limitations, including the inability to inactivate genes that would prevent the production of elementary bodies. Many genes are also Chlamydia-specific genes, and chlamydial genomes have undergone extensive reductive evolution, so functions often cannot be inferred from homologs in other organisms. Read More

Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2016 ;84(3):144-50

Introduction: The immune system is known to play a key role in the development of viral-induced wheeze, but the pattern of cytokine response is not clear. The aim of the study was to determine whether plasma cytokine levels during the acute wheezing illness in infants are associated with the subsequent development of persistent recurrent wheezing (PRW).

Material And Methods: 43 infants admitted to Iashvili Central Children Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia, were selected. Read More

Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2016;3:10-18. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Box 70579, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Box 70579, Johnson City, TN 37614-0579 USA.

The are widespread pathogens of both humans and animals. infection causes blinding trachoma and reproductive complications in humans. causes human respiratory tract infections and atypical pneumonia. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2016 ;160:A9727

St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Nieuwegein.

General practitioners and paediatricians are frequently confronted with coughing infants. The age of the infant, the history of both mother and child, as well as the current maternal condition may provide important diagnostic information. A 4-week-old male infant was referred to the paediatrician with a persistent cough. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2016 6;2016:9315757. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases: Global Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

Screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy represents an overlooked opportunity to improve the health outcomes of women and infants worldwide. Although Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common treatable bacterial STI, few countries have routine pregnancy screening and treatment programs. We reviewed the current literature surrounding Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy, particularly focusing on countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Read More

J Asthma 2016 08 27;53(6):618-21. Epub 2016 Apr 27.

a Emergency Department , Clinical Hospital, Pediatric Department National University of Asuncion , San Lorenzo , Paraguay.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae are frequent agents of acute respiratory diseases and they have been recognized as infectious triggers of asthma.

Objective: To determine the frequency of these triggers and their relationship to severe asthma.

Methods: 82 patients were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study from January 2007 to March 2013 and they were divided into three study groups: Group 1: 27 children with severe asthma, Group 2: 29 children with stable asthma and Group 3: 26 children which was the control group. Read More

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2016 11;35(3):149-58. Epub 2016 Apr 11.

a National Institute of Perinatology, Infectology , Montes Urales 800, Col Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City , 11000 Mexico.

A higher than 350 eosinophils/mm(3) is strongly associated with Chlamydia trachomatis in term born babies coursing with respiratory distress. However, in preterm newborns infected with this pathogen, the levels of eosinophils are unknown. Forty newborn infants with clinical data of respiratory problems and/or sepsis were analyzed. Read More