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Clin Infect Dis 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Public Health-Seattle & King County HIV/STD Program, Seattle, WA, USA.

Background: In 2018, the municipal Sexual Health Clinic in Seattle implemented trans-inclusive questions about sexual behavior, anatomy, gender-affirming surgeries, and STI symptoms in the clinic's computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) to improve care for transgender and non-binary (TNB) patients.

Methods: We calculated test positivity and the proportion of TNB patient visits that received testing for HIV, syphilis, pharyngeal, rectal and urogenital gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) before (5/2016-12/2018) and after (12/2018-2/2020) implementation of new CASI questions. We then calculated the proportion of asymptomatic patients who received anatomic-site specific screening based on reported exposures. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2022 Apr-May;47:100980. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.

Background: Stroke is considered as one of the most important concerns in health care centers around the world. By definition there are two types of stroke including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Approximately three-quarters of stroke cases are ischemic strokes, which occur due to several risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory responses. Read More

Basic Clin Androl 2022 May 19;32(1). Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in various organs. The lungs remain the most frequently affected organ, whereas lesions in the genitourinary system affect around 0.2% of patients. Read More

Microb Pathog 2022 May 16:105587. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of mortality worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) is a known significant risk factor in cervical neoplasia development (CN). Though HPV contributes to carcinogenesis, other factors fabricate an ideal niche for HPV persistent especially, coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) which has been linked to CN development. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2022 May 19;18(5):e1010513. Epub 2022 May 19.

The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.

Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) has been associated with neoplasia in the vulnerable koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). However, there are conflicting findings regarding its association with secondary disease. We undertook a large-scale assessment of how the different KoRV subtypes and viral load are associated with Chlamydia pecorum infection and a range of disease pathologies in 151 wild koalas admitted for care to Currumbin Wildlife Hospital, Australia. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Emergency Services Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.

Objectives: The CDC and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines recommend screening for HIV in patients aged 15-65 years, as well as those at increased risk. Read More

Infect Immun 2022 May 19:e0019022. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Upon internalization into host cells, C. trachomatis remains within a membrane-bound compartment known as an inclusion, where it undergoes its developmental cycle. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Unity Sexual Health, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Objectives: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are highly sensitive for the detection of (CT) and (NG) DNA/ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Previous studies have demonstrated contamination of surfaces in sexual health clinics (SHCs) with CT/NG. False positive results can occur if patient samples are contaminated by environmental DNA/rRNA. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: In many countries, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users are screened quarterly for STIs. We assessed the consequences of less frequent STI testing. We also assessed determinants of asymptomatic STI and potential for onward transmission. Read More

J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in undiagnosed young people aged between 15 and 24 years.

Materials And Methods: A convenience sample of 623 youths, with a mean (SD) age of 20.1 (2. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 May 17:e0010522. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted pathogen and a global public health concern. Little is known about the microbial composition and function across endocervical, vaginal, and rectal microbiomes in the context of C. trachomatis infection. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol 2022 May 17:1-5. Epub 2022 May 17.

School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran.

Infertility is one of the major health problems of patients suffering from bacterial infections. Given the high percentage of infertility, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of , and in fertile and infertile women. In the prospective study, 65 infertile patients and 54 pregnant women referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran were included. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objectives: Limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance coupled with syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) could be contributing to an increase in AMR in the region. This systematic review aimed to synthesize data on the prevalence of AMR in common STIs in SSA and identify some research gaps that exist.

Methods: We searched three electronic databases for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 26 May 2020. Read More

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The impact of (CT) infection on female's fertility is not completely established yet, since the level of evidence associating these factors is still weak. Hence, the goal of the present review is to contribute to a better elucidation of this matter. The electronic database chosen was the Medline/PubMed, with the last survey on May 11, 2021. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 13;14(4):e24109. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BRA.

Introduction  (CT) has been related to fallopian tube damage and infertility. Its prevalence in the population that attend public services is known; however, there is scant data on this factor in private infertility clinics. The objective of this study is to verify the prevalence of CT among women attending a private in vitro fertilization (IVF) reference clinic in southern Brazil. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 28;13:877223. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Since we previously reported that women infected with chlamydia had a significant overall reduction in Lactobacillus in the vagina microbiota as compared to those uninfected individuals; the interactions between the altered Lactobacillus and , on the other hand, need to be elucidated. Here, we employed both and models to evaluate the effects of this changed Lactobacillus on Chlamydia infection. We found that , and all significantly reduced infection in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Read More

Int J Reprod Biomed 2021 Mar 21;20(3):202-212. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Background: The role of genital species, genital species, and the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacteria, in male infertility are still not clear. Different reports about the impact of these bacteria on semen quality are controversial.

Objective: This study was proposed to determine the frequency of bacteriospermia in men and investigate the relationship between the presence of these bacteria and semen quality using molecular assay. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2022 May 11:105290. Epub 2022 May 11.

USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Electronic address:

Recent studies have established the role of bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in the development of atherosclerosis. These bacteria contribute to plaque formation via promoting Th1 immune responses and speeding up ox-LDL formation. Hence, we employed computational reverse vaccinology (RV) approaches to deviate immune response toward Th2 via engineering a novel immunogenic chimera protein. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2022 May;105(5):514-520

Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are increasing for most nationally notifiable disease categories in the United States. The 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STI guidelines provide several updated, evidence-based testing and treatment recommendations. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is ceftriaxone monotherapy given intramuscularly, with dosing based on the patient's body weight. Read More

Euro Surveill 2022 May;27(19)

European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC) "Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (MyCOVID)" Study Team members are listed under collaborators.

Background respiratory infections are transmitted by aerosol and droplets in close contact.AimWe investigated global incidence after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 in March 2020.MethodsWe surveyed detections from laboratories and surveillance systems (national or regional) across the world from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021 and compared them with cases from corresponding months between 2017 and 2020. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

Centre for HIV & STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: The syndromic management of Vaginal Discharge Syndrome (VDS) is challenging due to the prevalence of mixed infection with STI pathogens and non-STI causes, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis (CA). We aimed to determine the relative prevalence of VDS etiologies in women presenting to sentinel primary healthcare clinics in South Africa. Secondary objectives were to ascertain the predictive value of speculum findings for the presence of STI pathogens and the proportion of women presenting with clinical features of CA who had identifiable yeast on vaginal smear microscopy. Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biocruces, Bizkaia, Spain.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are a public health problem because of its high incidence and consequences on reproductive health. Our aim is to describe the socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of patients with CT infection in order to adapt preventive interventions for the highest risk groups.

Methods: Prospective case series of all patients diagnosed with CT between September 2016 and January 2019 in the reference STI clinics of Osakidetza (Basque Health Service) in Bizkaia (Spain). Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles Bactériennes, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:

Background: Anorectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are commonly found in women. Although the efficacy of doxycycline and azithromycin is comparable in the treatment of urogenital infection, their efficacies toward anorectal infection remain unclear. We therefore aimed to compare a single dose of azithromycin with a 7-day course of doxycycline for the treatment of anorectal C trachomatis infection in women with concurrent vaginal infection. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3053, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Nat Protoc 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.

The cervix is the gateway to the upper female reproductive tract, connecting the uterus and vagina. It plays crucial roles in fertility and pregnancy maintenance from onset until delivery of the fetus, and prevents pathogen ascension. Compromised functionality of the cervix can lead to disorders, including infertility, chronic infections and cancers. Read More

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022 Apr;40(4):300-303

Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine Occupational Pulmonary Disease Department, Jinan 250001, China.

This paper reported a case of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. The patient had a clear history of contact with sick poultry. The clinical manifestations were dry cough, fever and respiratory failure. Read More

Exp Suppl 2022 ;114:71-90

CHLAREAS Chlamydia Research Association, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Microsporidia have drastically modified genomes and cytology resulting from their high level of adaptation to intracytoplasmic parasitism. Their origins, which had long remained enigmatic, were placed within the line of Rozella, a primitive endoparasitic chytrid. These origins became more and more refined with the discovery of various parasites morphologically similar to the primitive lines of microsporidia (Metchnikovellids and Chytridiopsids) but which possess fungal-like genomes and functional mitochondria. Read More

J Int AIDS Soc 2022 May;25(5):e25909

IAVI, New York, New York, USA.

Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been scaled up; however, data from real-world settings are limited. We studied oral PrEP preference, uptake, adherence and continuation among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) vulnerable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 14- to 24-year-old AGYW without HIV who were followed for 12 months in Kampala, Uganda. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.

Our journal partnered with the Europe section of the International Union against STI (IUSTI) at a workshop held at the 18th European AIDS Conference in London on 30 October 2021. The workshop reviewed epidemiological trends and discussed STI care provision within HIV services across Europe. We started by highlighting trends in bacterial STIs reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control from countries in the European Union/European Economic Area. Read More

PLoS One 2022 10;17(5):e0265229. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Reports of potential treatment failure have raised particular concerns regarding the efficacy of the single dose azithromycin regimen in the treatment of urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections. Several factors have been suggested, including heterotypic resistance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in CT requires cell culture with serial dilutions of antibiotics, which is laborious and for which there is no standardized testing methodology. Read More