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Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Apr 29;146:110751. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Acibadem Maslak Hospital ENT Department, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study was designed to describe the most common vestibular disorders in children and their associated findings on vestibular function testing.

Method: Data from 203 children with a mean age of 11.16 ± 3. Read More

J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss a literature review-a recent systematic review of nonmusculoskeletal disorders-that demonstrates the potential for faulty conclusions and misguided policy implications, and to offer an alternate interpretation of the data using present models and criteria.

Methods: We participated in a chiropractic meeting (Global Summit) that aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of mobilization or spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and treatment of nonmusculoskeletal disorders. After considering an early draft of the resulting manuscript, we identified points of concern and therefore declined authorship. Read More

Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Headache Centre, San Salvatore Hospital of L'Aquila, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy -

Background: Primary Headaches (H) and Learning Disabilities (LD) are frequent in childhood and can coexist in the same subject, but their correlation is not always clear. Aim of our study is to evaluate these relationship considering also any psychopathologies and their influence on the quality of life by considering an aspect such as school absences.

Methods: 193 children (8-18y) with H and LD assessed consecutively at the Headache Center of L'Aquila, from 2013 to 2018 are the sample. Read More

Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Objective: Contact level affects the incidence of sports-related concussion. However, the effects of contact level on injury severity and recovery are less clear and are the focus of this study.

Method: Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) for athletes aged 12-22 was performed at baseline (n = 10,907 for 7,058 athletes), after suspected concussion determined by physicians or athletic trainers (n = 5,062 for 4,419 athletes), and during follow-up visits (n = 3,264 for 2,098 athletes). Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2021 Jan-Apr;13(1):123-130. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Headache and Facial Pain Group, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.

Mutations in the gene show a wide range of neurological phenotypes including hemiplegic migraine, ataxia, mental retardation and epilepsy. In some cases, hemiplegic migraine attacks can be triggered by minor head trauma and culminate in encephalopathy and cerebral oedema. A 37-year-old male without a family history of complex migraine experienced hemiplegic migraine attacks from childhood. Read More

Chiropr Man Therap 2021 Feb 17;29(1). Epub 2021 Feb 17.

RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions to prevent or treat non-musculoskeletal disorders remain controversial.

Objectives: We convened a Global Summit of international scientists to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of SMT for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of non-musculoskeletal disorders. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021 Mar 22;31:27-30. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.

We report a 5-year-old male with a PDHA1 variant who presented with alternating hemiplegia of childhood and later developed developmental regression, basal ganglia injury and episodic lactic acidosis. Enzyme assay in lymphocytes confirmed a diagnosis of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) deficiency. His mother who was heterozygous for the same variant suffered from ophthalmoplegia, chronic migraine and developed flaccid paralysis at 36 years of age. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2021 04 27;136:87-94. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

GGZinGeest, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1105, 1081, HV, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: It is unclear if childhood trauma (CT) is an independent risk factor of adult chronic physical disorders or whether its impact is (also) due to underlying poorer mental health.

Methods: Data were obtained from baseline measurements among 13,489 respondents of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-1 and -2, cohort studies of the Dutch general population aged 18-64 years. We used a childhood trauma questionnaire measuring emotional, psychological, physical or sexual trauma before the age of 16. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021 Mar 16;31:21-26. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Houston, TX, USA.

Pathogenic variants in ATP1A2, a gene encoding the α subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, cause familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2). In contrast, pathogenic variants in ATP1A3, an ATP1A2 paralog, cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile onset hemiplegic attacks, seizures, dystonia, chorea and developmental delay. Despite high sequence homology with ATP1A3, ATP1A2 variants rarely associate with severe phenotypes resembling those linked to ATP1A3. Read More

Pediatr Res 2021 Feb 9. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Child & Adolescent Headache Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background: Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is characterized by attacks of head tilt associated with vomiting, irritability, and/or ataxia in early childhood. BPT is associated with migraine but risk factors are unknown. Impact on quality of life is also unknown. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 Jan 28;8(2). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.

The primary pain disorders of childhood are highly prevalent but have infrequently been studied collectively. Genetic influences have been suggested to be causally implicated. Surveys were sent to 3909 Australian twin families, assessing the lifetime prevalence of growing pains, migraine, headache, recurrent abdominal pain, low back pain, and persistent pain (not otherwise specified) in pediatric twins and their immediate family members. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2021 03 23;116:107732. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States. Electronic address:

Background: ATP1A2 mutations cause hemiplegic migraine with or without epilepsy or acute reversible encephalopathy. Typical onset is in adulthood or older childhood without subsequent severe long-term developmental impairments.

Aim: We aimed to describe the manifestations of early onset severe ATP1A2-related epileptic encephalopathy and its underlying mutations in a cohort of seven patients. Read More

J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2021 Feb 9;44(2):154-163. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize expectations, attitudes, and experiences of individuals with migraine who were randomly assigned to receive chiropractic care delivered within a randomized controlled trial in a hospital-based integrative care center.

Methods: This qualitative substudy was conducted as a part of a 2-arm pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial investigating a multimodal model of chiropractic care for women with episodic migraine (4-13 migraines per month). Women were randomly assigned to chiropractic care (10 sessions over 14 weeks) plus enhanced usual care vs enhanced usual care alone. Read More

J Vestib Res 2021 ;31(1):1-9

Department Of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik, Berlin, Germany.

This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for "Vestibular Migraine of Childhood", "probable Vestibular Migraine of Childhood" and "Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood" as put forth by the Committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society (ICVD) and the Migraine Classification subgroup of the International Headache Society. Migraine plays an important role in some subgroups of children with recurrent vertigo. In this classification paper a spectrum of three disorders is described in which the migraine component varies from definite to possibly absent. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2020 12 17;20(1):595. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Background: Conduct disorder (CD), a serious behavioral and emotional disorder in childhood and adolescence, characterized by disruptive behavior and breaking societal rules. Studies have explored the overlap of CD with neurodevelopmental problems (NDP). The somatic health of children with NDP has been investigated; however, the prevalence of these problems in children with CD has not been sufficiently studied. Read More

Pain 2021 01;162(1):300-308

Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Migraine is one of the top 5 most prevalent childhood diseases; however, effective treatment strategies for pediatric migraine are limited. For example, standard adult pharmaceutical therapies are less effective in children and can carry undesirable side effects. To develop more effective treatments, improved knowledge of the biology underlying pediatric migraine is necessary. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2020 12 17;50(8):1951-1954. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

Background/aim: Vertigo is one of the rarely diagnosed disorders during childhood due to insufficient description of the children regarding their experiences to the physicians. The clinical features of children and adolescents admitted by acute vertigo symptoms were investigated to elaborate the subject retrospectively.

Materials And Methods: BetweenJanuary 2017–July 2019, records of cases admitted with acute vertigo complaints to pediatric neurology were retrospectively examined. Read More

Paediatr Drugs 2021 Jan 24;23(1):55-73. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Stafford Hall, 118C, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.

There is increasing recognition that epilepsy can be associated with a broad spectrum of comorbidities. While epileptic seizures are an essential element of epilepsy in children, there is a spectrum of neurological, mental health and cognitive disorders that add to the disease burden of childhood epilepsy resulting in a decreased quality of life. The most common comorbid conditions in childhood epilepsy include depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders, attention deficits, cognitive impairment, and migraine. Read More

Front Neurol 2020 2;11:583425. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is an underdiagnosed episodic syndrome characterized by frequent hospitalizations, multiple comorbidities, and poor quality of life. It is often misdiagnosed due to the unappreciated pattern of recurrence and lack of confirmatory testing. CVS mainly occurs in pre-school or early school-age, but infants and elderly onset have been also described. Read More

Biomedicines 2020 Oct 28;8(11). Epub 2020 Oct 28.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany.

Pathogenic variants in , encoding the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2, have been associated with an evolving spectrum of paroxysmal neurologic disorders. Based on a cohort of children with PRRT2-related infantile epilepsy, this study aimed at delineating the broad clinical spectrum of PRRT2-associated phenotypes in these children and their relatives. Only a few recent larger cohort studies are on record and findings from single reports were not confirmed so far. Read More

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Oct 27;24(4):e477-e481. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

 The prevalence of vestibular disorders in childhood ranges from 0.4% to 15%; they may be the result of several factors, but most of the time it's an episodic vestibular syndrome related to migraine equivalents.  To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of children with vestibular signs and symptoms. Read More

Nursing 2020 Nov;50(11):34-41

Vincent M. Vacca, Jr., is a retired nurse in West Palm Beach, Fla. Sarah Beth Thomas is a professional development manager at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Mass.

Migraine is a common, chronic disorder that often manifests in childhood. This article discusses the prevalence, diagnosis, and clinical management of uncommon subtypes of migraine with aura, including hemiplegic migraine, retinal migraine, and abdominal migraine. Read More

Acta Myol 2020 Jun 1;39(2):67-82. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Dino Ferrari Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy.

Mutations in gene, encoding merosin, are generally responsible of a severe congenital-onset muscular dystrophy (CMD type 1A) characterized by severe weakness, merosin absence at muscle analysis and white matter alterations at brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Recently, mutations have been acknowledged as responsible of LGMD R23, despite only few cases with slowly progressive adult-onset and partial merosin deficiency have been reported. We describe 5 independent Italian subjects presenting with progressive limb girdle muscular weakness, brain white matter abnormalities, merosin deficiency and gene mutations. Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2020 Aug 22. Epub 2020 Aug 22.

Servicio de Audiología; Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Tlalpan, México.

Introduction: Vertigo is a seldom studied symptom in the paediatric population, where the prevalence is less than 1%. Vestibular disorders in children are not comparable to those of adults and are often underdiagnosed. Identifying the main causes of these disorders would provide reliable and accurate data of the diseases in certain age groups, improving the diagnostic process. Read More

J Neuromuscul Dis 2020 ;7(4):367-393

Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.

There is increasing evidence of central nervous system involvement in numerous neuromuscular disorders primarily considered diseases of skeletal muscle. Our knowledge on cerebral affection in myopathies is expanding continuously due to a better understanding of the genetic background and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Intriguingly, there is a remarkable overlap of brain pathology in muscular diseases with pathomechanisms involved in neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020 07 29;27. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Paediatric Neurology & Developmental Medicine, Germany; LMU Center for Development & Children with Medical Complexity, integrated Social Paediatric Center, iSPZ Hauner, Germany. Electronic address:

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020 Sep 23;28:193-197. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.

Prrt2 is a neuron-specific protein expressed at axonal and pre-synaptic domains, involved in synaptic neurotransmitter release and modulation of intrinsic excitability. Mutations in PRRT2 cause a spectrum of autosomal dominant paroxysmal neurological disorders including epilepsy, movement disorders, and hemiplegic migraine and show incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. We assessed the diagnostic rate of PRRT2 in a cohort of Italian patients with epilepsy and/or paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020 06;24(12):6893-6898

Department Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Objective: Primary headache disorders in children are one of the most prominent topics in the pediatric neurology literature. However, there are many unsolved aspects, including the conditions associated with migraine. The present study aims to report on the frequency of behavioral comorbidities in the setting of primary headache in childhood. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 06 25;17(12). Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Background: People exposed to childhood trauma show insecure attachment patterns and are more prone to chronic and pain-related conditions, including migraine. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of attachment in the association between childhood trauma and adulthood chronic health conditions, with a focus on migraine.

Methods: Respondents from a representative sample of citizens of the Czech Republic ( = 1800, mean age: 46. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 09 26;196:106039. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey.

Objective: In the childhood period, diagnosis of primary headache is based on anamnesis essentially. This study investigated the effects of characteristics of headache (type of pain, localization and attack time), family migraine history and total duration from onset of headache to clinical diagnosis on primary headache diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: Headache history was taken from children aged 6-18 years with a suitable form of International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Read More