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J Neurol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders and Institute for Clinical Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Historical descriptions of fear at heights date back to Chinese and Roman antiquity. Current definitions distinguish between three different states of responses to height exposure: a physiological height imbalance that results from an impaired visual control of balance, a more or less distressing visual height intolerance, and acrophobia at the severest end of the spectrum. Epidemiological studies revealed a lifetime prevalence of visual height intolerance including acrophobia in 28% of adults (32% in women; 25% in men) and 34% among prepubertal children aged 8-10 years without gender preponderance. Read More

Rev Paul Pediatr 2020 8;38:e2018308. Epub 2020 May 8.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

Objective: To investigate how attachment style has been studied in children with chronic disease in the scientific literature, and what repercussions this attachment has on this population.

Data Sources: An integrative review of the literature was carried out from a survey in the LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, including original national and international publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English from 2007 to 2018, using the descriptors "apego" and "criança" in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), and "attachment" and "children" for the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Sixteen (16 articles) were obtained for the sample analysis. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2020 Feb 11. Epub 2020 Feb 11.

Divison of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatircs, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lake Success, New York; Pediatric Sleep Program (Neurology), Department of Pediatircs, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lake Success, New York; Pediatric Neurology Service Line for Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Pediatrics & Neurology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York. Electronic address:

Migraine and sleep disorders in children exhibit a bidirectional relationship. This relationship is based on shared pathophysiology. Migraine involves activation of the trigeminal vascular system. Read More

Nervenarzt 2020 Mar;91(3):207-215

Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a relevant psychiatric disorder, which requires early identification and treatment.

Objective: What are the guideline-concordant diagnostic and early recognition procedures regarding BD?

Results: The current German S3 guidelines on BD are based on the ICD-10. The multiaxial and dimensional description should include disorder-relevant somatic, psychological and social factors as well as the level of functional impairment. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2020 May 20;106:4-9. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Children's Hospital, Brooklyn, New York.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome is an idiopathic chronic periodic disorder of childhood which may persist into the adult years. Although cyclic vomiting syndrome is considered a central nervous system disorder, it is often managed by a pediatric gastroenterologist. The practitioner should not assume a gastrointestinal or non-neurological cause of symptoms especially if there are coexisting neurological symptoms and signs or if vomiting does not bring relief; this suggests a possible central nervous system cause, which may necessitate a pediatric neurology consultation. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020 Feb 4. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Background: Diet therapies may be recommended for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, little is known about the frequency with which diet therapy is recommended in FGIDs. Our aims were to determine and contrast the frequency and types of diet recommendations provided to children with FGIDs by pediatric gastroenterologists (PGIs) versus primary care pediatricians (PCPs). Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Dec 22:333102419896754. Epub 2019 Dec 22.

Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Often concussion/mTBI triggers a chronic headache syndrome called persistent post-traumatic headache (P-PTH) that can last from months to years post-injury, and produce significant disruption of childhood education, social interaction and development. Although prevalent and highly disabling, P-PTH is underrepresented in headache and pain research and lacks clear definition and pathophysiology. Clinical presentation of P-PTH frequently resembles that of other headache disorders, like migraine, yet the pathophysiological mechanisms are distinct and not fully understood, making the disorder difficult to treat in the clinical setting. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2020 Feb 1;103:12-20. Epub 2019 Nov 1.

Child Neurology Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. Electronic address:

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a severe neurological disorder with infantile-onset recurrent episodes of hemiplegia on either side of the body and other paroxysmal events such as seizures, dystonia, tonic episodes, abnormal eye movements or autonomic dysfunction, primarily due to de novo pathogenic mutations in the ATP1A3 gene. The burden of neuromorbidities is significant and includes epilepsy; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; behavioral difficulties; motor, cognitive, adaptive, and learning impairment; ataxia; movement disorders; and migraine. Comprehensive multispecialty clinic with the availability of various specialists with considerable experience in alternating hemiplegia of childhood is beneficial. Read More

Hum Mutat 2020 Feb 28;41(2):363-374. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.

Variants in the SCN1A gene are associated with a wide range of disorders including genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), and the severe childhood epilepsy Dravet syndrome (DS). Predicting disease outcomes based on variant type remains challenging. Despite thousands of SCN1A variants being reported, only a minority has been functionally assessed. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2019 Nov 13;21(11):58. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 2158, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of noninvasive brain stimulation that is used for the treatment of migraine and major depression in adults and is now being evaluated for use in other disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiology underlying TMS, the safety and tolerability in pediatric patients, and the evidence for TMS efficacy in the treatment of pediatric neurologic disorders.

Recent Findings: Studies investigating rTMS for adolescent depression, hemiparesis due to pediatric stroke, autism, and tics/Tourette syndrome have demonstrated some therapeutic benefit. Read More

Pain Res Manag 2019 25;2019:5392945. Epub 2019 Sep 25.

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Background: Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON), previously known as ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM), is an uncommon disorder with repeated episodes of ocular cranial nerve neuropathy associated with ipsilateral headache. The age of presentation is most often during childhood or adolescence. MRI has a central role in the assessment of the RPON, especially to distinguish orbital, parasellar, or posterior fossa lesions that mimic symptoms of RPON. Read More

Brain 2019 11;142(11):3367-3374

Institut de Pathologie Multi-sites des HCL/Centre de Pathologie et Fœtopathologie Est, Lyon, France.

Polymicrogyria is a heterogeneous malformation of cortical development microscopically defined by an excessive folding of the cortical mantle resulting in small gyri with a fused surface. Polymicrogyria is responsible for a wide range of neurological symptoms (e.g. Read More

Neurol Clin 2019 11 31;37(4):815-833. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Department of Neurology, UCSF Pediatric Headache Center, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Mission Hall Box 0137, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:

This article outlines key features of diagnosis and treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. It emphasizes techniques that can be used by clinicians to optimize history taking in this population, as well as recognition of episodic conditions that may be associated with migraine and present in childhood. Acute treatment strategies include use of over-the-counter analgesics and triptan medications that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in children and adolescents. Read More

Neurol Clin 2019 11 22;37(4):789-813. Epub 2019 Aug 22.

Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.

Biobehavioral interventions for migraine incorporate both physiologic and psychological factors. This article details treatments for migraine management and prevention, ranging from traditional to newly emerging interventions. Similarly, this article reviews key person-related factors that may affect migraine prevalence and management. Read More

Headache 2019 10 14;59(9):1504-1515. Epub 2019 Sep 14.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Objective: To examine the annual healthcare expenditures associated with childhood headache in the United States, and to evaluate whether psychiatric comorbidities increase the impact of headache on expenditures.

Background: Headache is prevalent in childhood and co-occurs with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may increase cost of illness.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis using a nationally representative sample of 34,633 children ages 2-17 from the 2012-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS), of which 779 (weighted 2. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 23;10:886. Epub 2019 Aug 23.

Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Headache is the third cause of visits to pediatric emergency departments (ED). According to a systematic review, headaches in children evaluated in the ED are primarily due to benign conditions that tend to be self-limiting or resolve with appropriate pharmacological treatment. The more frequent causes of non-traumatic headache in the ED include primitive headaches (21. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2019 07 15;77(6):418-423. Epub 2019 Jul 15.

Universidade de Passo Fundo, Faculdade de Medicina, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.

Objective: Migraine is a common condition in the pediatric population and causes a significant impact on the quality of life. Atopic disorders are some of the migraine comorbidities. We hypothesized that allergic rhinitis could aggravate migraine in the pediatric population. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Jun 28;55(7). Epub 2019 Jun 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, 34371 Istanbul, Turkey.

Background And Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related with many neurological diseases such as migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pediatric migraine is associated with vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D therapy on the frequency, duration, severity of migraine attacks, and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively examined the patients' levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OH vitamin D of 92 pediatric migraine patients. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 14;10:394. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

The serotonin system has been suggested to moderate the association between childhood maltreatment and rumination, with the latter in its turn reported to be a mediator in the depressogenic effect of childhood maltreatment. Therefore, we investigated whether the associations of two epigenetic regulatory polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor gene with Ruminative Responses Scale rumination and its two subtypes, brooding and reflection, are moderated by childhood adversity (derived from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) among 1,501 European white adults. We tested whether the significant associations are due to depression. Read More

Metab Brain Dis 2019 08 1;34(4):1023-1027. Epub 2019 Jun 1.

Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.

OPA1 variants most frequently manifest phenotypically with pure autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) or with ADOA plus. The most frequent abnormalities in ADOA plus in addition to the optic nerve affection include hypoacusis, migraine, myopathy, and neuropathy. Hypertelorism and atrophy of the acoustic nerve have not been reported. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Apr 8;20(1):35. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Headache Research, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Primary headaches are one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and can occur during a wide range of lifespan. Primary headaches, especially migraine, are cyclic disorders with a complex sequence of symptoms within every headache attack. There is no systematic review of whether these symptoms changes during lifespan. Read More

Dev Period Med 2019 ;23(1):28-33

Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.

Vomiting is a common sign of illness in the pediatric population. Its etiology is diversified, ranging from mild functional disorders to severe life-threatening systemic diseases. Vomiting most often occurs in the course of gastrointestinal tract diseases, however, it may also coexist with numerous other ailments located outside the GI tract. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 7;10:173. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Headache Science Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Early traumatic experiences and Stressful episodes appear to be associated to the development and perpetuation of chronic pain disorders and to dependence-related behaviors. The present study evaluated whether these factors can be predictors, together with psychiatric conditions, of the outcome of a detoxification treatment in patients suffering from chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache in a 2-month follow-up. Consecutive patients undergoing a detoxification program as therapy for treating chronic migraine and medication overuse headache at the Pavia Headache Center were analyzed. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 May;40(Suppl 1):93-98

Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, "Sapienza" University, Via dei Sabelli n°108, 00185, Rome, Italy.

Migraine is one of the most frequent complaints in children and adolescents and it can have a significant impact on quality of life. There are several factors underlying the onset and the maintenance of this disorder and there is still no a clear etiopathogenesis common to all subjects suffering from migraine. Psychological factors such as individual characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, and temperament are strictly related to psychosomatic disorders and to migraine. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2019 Mar 12;45(1):36. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Child Neurology, Pediatric Headache & Sleep Disorders Centre, Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.

Background: Migraine is one of the most prevalent chronic pain manifestations of childhood. Despite the multitude of available treatments, parents are often concerned about chronic therapies and pediatricians have insufficient confidence in prescribing prophylactic drugs. Therefore, there is now growing interest for natural supplements used to control recurrent migraine headaches. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2019 Mar 14;21(4):15. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Neurology, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Headache is not an uncommon complaint in children, and recognition of migraine is increasing in children and adolescents. Treatment options consist of abortive and preventive medications; however, when to start the preventive treatment is not clear in the pediatric population. This article reviews current guidelines and practices to provide a better clinical approach in the management of migraines in children and adolescents. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Apr 28;40(4):839-845. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Ankara Child Health and Diseases, Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Child Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Migraine is one of the most debilitating disorders with its chronic nature seen in childhood characterized by episodic bilateral or unilateral throbbing pain on the head that strikes at any time. It is divided into two categories as with or without aura and is diagnosed according to the 2013 International Headache Society criteria.

Aim And Method: This study aims to present the pictures depicted by adolescents aged 14-18 who were diagnosed with migraine with visual aura by Ankara Training and Research Hospital Child Neurology Department. Read More

Eur J Med Genet 2020 Jan 25;63(1):103624. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Mendelics Genomic Analysis, CEP 04013-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neurogenetics, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

The Na/K- ATPase acts as an ion pump maintaining the essential plasma membrane potential in all mammalian cell types, and is essential for many cellular functions. There are four α isoforms (α1, α2, α3 and α4) with distinct expression patterns, kinetic properties and substrate affinity. The α2-isoform is encoded by ATP1A2 and evidence supports its utmost importance in Cl homeostasis in neurons, and in the function of respiratory neurons at birth. Read More

Front Neural Circuits 2018 21;12:106. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2019 ;60(4):1383-1389

Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi, Romania; Department of Surgical Sciences II, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania;

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French philosopher, who wrote the Pensées, a collection of "thoughts" about the apparent insignificance of human existence. In the last three centuries, it was claimed that his disease was mental. Hysteria, melancholia, and post-traumatic neurosis were taken into consideration, but none of the proposed diagnoses seems to be satisfactory. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2019 02 1;91:34-40. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pediatric Neurology Health Services Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Translational Center of Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurology Outcomes Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Background: Although migraine often starts in childhood or adolescence, hospital care for migraine in children is not well described. We examined patient and hospital characteristics associated with hospital care for migraine among children in the United States.

Methods: We queried the Kids' Inpatient Database (2003 to 2009) for hospitalizations of children aged 3-20. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2018 Dec;6(15):944-951

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Western Province, Sri Lanka.

Aim: To find the association between asthma and different types of functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) among teenagers.METHODA cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 to 15-year-old children from six randomly selected schools in Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected using translated and validated self-administered questionnaires (Rome III questionnaire, International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4. Read More

Brain 2018 12;141(12):3308-3318

MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic neuromuscular disease characterized by episodes of skeletal muscle paralysis associated with low serum potassium. Muscle fibre inexcitability during attacks of paralysis is due to an aberrant depolarizing leak current through mutant voltage sensing domains of either the sarcolemmal voltage-gated calcium or sodium channel. We report a child with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and CNS involvement, including seizures, but without mutations in the known periodic paralysis genes. Read More

Klin Padiatr 2019 Jan 15;231(1):14-20. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Olgahospital, Pädiatrische Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Schmerztherapie, Kinderschmerzzentrum Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart.

Primary headache disorders such as migraine and tension-type headache begin as early as childhood or adolescence. Prevalence increases during primary school and adolescence. In tension-type headache, central pain sensitization and activation of central nociceptive neurons plays an important role. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 09 29;9:CD003968. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group, Pain Research Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Background: This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 2003, and previously updated in 2009, 2012 and 2014. Chronic pain, defined as pain that recurs or persists for more than three months, is common in childhood. Chronic pain can affect nearly every aspect of daily life and is associated with disability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Read More

J Med Genet 2018 12 28;55(12):831-836. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple susceptibility loci for migraine in European adults. However, no large-scale genetic studies have been performed in children or African Americans with migraine.

Methods: We conducted a GWAS of 380 African-American children and 2129 ancestry-matched controls to identify variants associated with migraine. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Jan-Mar;68(1):7-9. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts.

Ophthalmoplegia is rare in infants and may present either as a static or a progressing deficit. In this report, I will summarize the major causes of ophthalmoplegia when it presents in infancy or early childhood. Strategies for narrowing the differential diagnosis will also be considered. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018 Nov 15;22(6):1110-1117. Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Department of Pediatric Neurology & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Objective: To describe the clinical spectrum of benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood (BNAHC) including long-term follow-up data of previously published cases and to propose an underlying genetic cause of this disorder.

Methods: We studied the medical data of two novel patients, reviewed the literature on BNAHC, and gathered information of the most recent follow-up of published cases regarding the course of episodes, further development, attempted drugs, ancillary investigations, and sequelae.

Results: All patients, i. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2018 08;24(4, Headache):1108-1136

Purpose Of Review: This article provides the practicing neurologist with a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of headache in children and adolescents, with a focus on migraine.

Recent Findings: Four triptans are now labeled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for acute migraine treatment in adolescents, and rizatriptan is labeled for use in children age 6 and older. For preventive migraine treatment, the Childhood and Adolescent Migraine Prevention trial demonstrated that approximately 60% of children and adolescents with migraine will improve with a three-pronged treatment approach that includes: (1) lifestyle management counseling (on sleep, exercise, hydration, caffeine, and avoidance of meal skipping); (2) optimally dosed acute therapy, specifically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and triptans; and (3) a preventive treatment that has some evidence for efficacy. Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2018 Jun 14;22(7):50. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON), formerly known as ophthalmoplegic migraine, is an uncommon disorder with repeated episodes of ocular cranial nerve neuropathy associated with ipsilateral headache. This review discusses the clinical presentation, current understanding of the pathophysiology, key differential diagnoses, and evaluation and treatment of RPON.

Recent Findings: The literature is limited due to the rarity of the disorder. Read More

J Clin Psychiatry 2018 May/Jun;79(3)

Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Valproate and formulations thereof are approved for the management of seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, and migraine. Valproate is also used for many off-label indications. Unfortunately, data from observational studies indicate that valproate is perhaps the most teratogenic drug in the neuropsychiatric pharmacopeia. Read More

Ideggyogy Sz 2017 Sep;70(9-10):343-348

Kaposvári Egyetem, Egészségügyi Központ, Kaposvár.

Hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine that is associated with reversible motor weakness in the aura phase. This is an uncommon form of migraine usually starting in childhood. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the differential diagnostic difficulty of the first attack. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 14;9:704. Epub 2018 May 14.

Headache Science Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Many factors are involved in the prognosis and outcome of Chronic Migraine and Medication Overuse Headache (CM+MOH), and their understanding is a topic of interest. It is well known that CM+MOH patients experience increased psychiatric comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression, or personality disorders. Other psychological factors still need to be explored. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018;118(4):100-106

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Migraine and epilepsy represent prevalent chronic neurological disorders of childhood. Migraine and epilepsy comorbidity relies on the common pathophysiologic and genetic mechanisms of the paroxysmal disorders the similarity of their precipitating factors, clinical manifestations and therapeutic approaches. The problems of differential diagnosis of migraine and epilepsy are related to peculiarities of migraine manifestations in children. Read More

J Nerv Ment Dis 2018 06;206(6):473-475

School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a rare perceptual disorder associated with sensation of one or several visual and/or auditory perceptual distortions including size of body parts, size of external objects, or passage of time (either speeding up or slowing down). Cause for AIWS is yet to be widely agreed, and the implications are widely varied. One of the research difficulties is the brevity of each episode, typically not exceeding few tens of minutes. Read More

Otolaryngol Pol 2018 Apr;72(2):50-59

ENT Department, Policlinico S.M. alle Scotte Siena, viale Bracci n.16, 53100, Italy.

Introduction: Migraine and allergies are a common occurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between respiratory allergy and migraine in childhood.

Materials And Methods: We screened 800 children for headache and its characteristics. Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2018 May 3;22(6):42. Epub 2018 May 3.

Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this work was to review the current literature on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pediatric obesity and migraine, underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may explain the association between the two disorders, and the effects of treatment.

Recent Findings: In children and adolescents, the bulk of the available data support an association between obesity and headache disorders in general, though a small number of studies contradict these findings. Relative to the adult population, however, few studies have focused specifically on migraine, and no wide-ranging meta-analyses have been conducted to date. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018 Jul 30;22(4):667-673. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Introduction: Migraine variant disorders of childhood include benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy (BPTI) and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC). This study aimed to review our experience with BPTI and BPVC and determine the incidence of children transitioning between each of these disorders and to vestibular migraine (VM).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients seen at the Balance and Vestibular Program at Boston Children's Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016 who were diagnosed with BPTI, BPVC, and/or VM. Read More