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Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020 Jan-Dec;19:1533033820928436

Laboratorio Juárez, Medicina de Laboratorio Clínico de Alta Especialidad, Biología Molecular e Investigación Clínica, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México.

Objective: To investigate the cellular and molecular epidemiology of acute leukemias in vulnerable populations of children and adolescents in Oaxaca de Juarez, Mexico.

Material And Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, conducted from 2014 to 2018 in which profiles of molecular and immunophenotypic aberrations were investigated in children and adolescents diagnosed with acute leukemia, by evaluating 28 molecular abnormalities by HemaVision-Q28 multiplex RT-PCR kit and standardized EuroFlow Immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells.

Results: We included 218 patients, with 82. Read More

Neuro Oncol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Background: Ependymoma is a histologically defined central nervous system tumor most commonly occurring in childhood. Population-level incidence differences by race/ethnicity are observed, with individuals of European ancestry at highest risk. We aimed to determine whether extent of European genetic ancestry is associated with ependymoma risk in US populations. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 Jun 24;67:101768. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Aim: To monitor trends in childhood cancer mortality in Europe.

Methods: We calculated age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 children (age 0-14 years) from 1990 to the last available calendar year, for all neoplasms and six main cancers in childhood, in selected European countries and geographic areas, plus the European Union (EU), using data from the World Health Organization database. We carried out a joinpoint regression analysis of mortality trends for all neoplasms, leukaemia and tumours of the nervous system. Read More

JAMA Oncol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.

Importance: Exercise intolerance is associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors. However, an association between exercise intolerance and psychosocial outcomes has not been fully explored.

Objective: To examine the associations between exercise intolerance and emotional distress, attainment of social roles, and health-related quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Read More

J Mol Med (Berl) 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

The genetic etiology of sporadic childhood cancer cases remains unclear. We recruited a cohort of 20 patients who survived a childhood malignancy and then developed a second primary cancer (2N), and 20 carefully matched patients who survived a childhood cancer without developing a second malignancy (1N). Twenty matched cancer-free (0N) and additional 1000 (0N) GHS participants served as controls. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020 Jul;42(5):e265-e270

Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg.

Background: The occurrence of prior, concurrent and subsequent neoplasms (SN) represents a serious problem in children and adolescents with soft tissue sarcomas. Pathogenic germline variants contribute to the diagnosis of multiple neoplasms in sarcoma survivors.

Materials And Methods: The records of 748 children and adolescents, diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas and registered in trials/registries by the cooperative soft tissue sarcoma (Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studie) group, were reviewed for the occurrence of SNs. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 Jun 23:e28525. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Background: Few studies have evaluated social determinants of outcomes disparities for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated the association of area deprivation index (ADI), a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, with overall survival (OS) among children and adolescents with ALL.

Procedure: We obtained demographic and clinical data, geocoded addresses at diagnosis, and vital status on all Texas children diagnosed with ALL from 1995 to 2011 (N = 4104). Read More

Int J Epidemiol 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Background: Differences in access, delivery and utilisation of health care may impact childhood and adolescent cancer survival. We evaluated whether insurance coverage impacts survival among US children and adolescents with cancer diagnoses, overall and by age group, and explored potential mechanisms.

Methods: Data from 58 421 children (aged ≤14 years) and adolescents (15-19 years), diagnosed with cancer from 2004 to 2010, were obtained from the National Cancer Database. Read More

Genet Med 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Oncology and Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with tumor predisposition and nonmalignant health conditions. Whether survivors of childhood cancer with NF1 are at increased risk for poor long-term health outcomes is unknown.

Methods: One hundred forty-seven 5+ year survivors of childhood glioma with NF1 from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were compared with 2629 non-NF1 glioma survivors and 5051 siblings for late mortality, chronic health conditions, and psychosocial, neurocognitive, and socioeconomic outcomes. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2020 Jun 22:e201749. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.

Importance: Injury is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a major contributor to the global burden of disease.

Objective: To compare injury event rates in children from birth to 5 years of age among Taiwanese children with and without parents with SMI, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Read More

JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019 Sep 20;3(3):pkz043. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.

Excess sarcoma risks after childhood cancer are well established, but risks among young adulthood cancer survivors are poorly understood. Using US population-based cancer registry data, we compared bone and soft-tissue sarcoma risk vs the general population among 186 351 individuals who were diagnosed with nonsarcoma first primary malignancies at ages 20-39 years from 1975 to 2014 (follow-up through 2015) and survived at least 1 year. Bone sarcomas were rare (n = 50), but risk was statistically significantly elevated overall (2. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 Jun 16;67:101764. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) varies between countries likely as a result of competing risks including infections, access-to-care, socioeconomic influences, and/or ethnicity. However, little is known about disease burden in high-income Arab countries offering free-of-charge healthcare. The hypothesis was that, due to population characteristics (young age, high fertility and parental consanguinity rate), the incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia is equal or higher than that observed in high-income Western countries. Read More

Cancer Res 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Exposure to high doses of alkylating agents is associated with increased risk of impaired spermatogenesis among non-irradiated male survivors of childhood cancer, but there is substantial variation in this risk. Here we conducted a genetic study for impaired spermatogenesis utilizing whole genome sequencing data from 167 non-irradiated male childhood cancer survivors of European ancestry from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort treated with cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED)≥4000 mg/m2. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Jun 15;12(6). Epub 2020 Jun 15.

School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

In late December 2019, a new infectious viral disease appeared. A new betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has been recognized as the pathogen responsible for this infection. Patients affected by tumors are more vulnerable to infection owing to poor health status, concomitant chronic diseases, and immunosuppressive conditions provoked by both the cancer and antitumor therapies. Read More

Tob Prev Cessat 2020 5;6:16. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Preventive and Community Health, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States.

Introduction: Given the relatively limited literature regarding risk factors for progression of alternative tobacco and marijuana use, this study examined initially-used tobacco or marijuana products and psychosocial risk factors such as adverse childhood events (ACEs), mental health (depression, ADHD), and parental substance use, in relation to young adult lifetime and current (past 30-day) tobacco and marijuana use.

Methods: Using cross-sectional data from a 2014-2016 study of 3418 young adult college students in Georgia, we analyzed lifetime and current use of various tobacco products (cigarettes, cigar products, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookah) and marijuana among lifetime tobacco or marijuana users (N=1451) in relation to initially-used product as well as sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial risk factors.

Results: Multivariable analyses indicated that more products ever used correlated with cigarettes being first used (vs cigars, B=-0. Read More

Health Phys 2020 Jun 11. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.

Uncertainties in thyroid doses due to I intake were evaluated for 2,239 subjects in a case-control study of thyroid cancer following exposure to Chernobyl fallout during childhood and adolescence carried out in contaminated regions of Belarus and Russia. Using new methodological developments that became available recently, a Monte Carlo simulation procedure was applied to calculate 1,000 alternative vectors of thyroid doses due to I intake for the study population of 2,239 subjects accounting for sources of shared and unshared errors. An overall arithmetic mean of the stochastic thyroid doses in the study was estimated to be 0. Read More

Allergy 2020 Jun 14. Epub 2020 Jun 14.

Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Cytokines play a key role as mediators in the immuno-pathogenesis of asthma. Age at asthma onset and the presence of T-helper 2 mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation have been identified as two important and distinct factors for defining asthma phenotypes, but little is known about longitudinal associations between systemic cytokine concentrations and asthma. In a previous investigation of serum cytokine concentrations among 44-year-old adults and asthma phenotypes, we found early-onset persistent asthma (from age 13 to 44 years) was associated with lower levels of interleukin (IL) -10, while asthma remission was associated with lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Read More

Int J Cancer 2020 Jun 14. Epub 2020 Jun 14.

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.

Despite the vast genetic and environmental diversity in Asia, individuals of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) descent are often combined into a single group for epidemiologic analyses within the United States. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Detailed Asian/Pacific Islander Database to calculate incidence rates for discrete groups among children aged 0-19 years. Due to sample size constraints we pooled incidence among regional groups based on countries of origin: East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Korean), Southeast (SE) Asians (Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian), Asian Indian/Pakistani, Oceanians (Guamanian, Samoan, Tongan), and Filipinos. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 Jun 8;67:101747. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objectives: To estimate a possible association between coffee intake during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute leukemia by using a cohort design.

Methods: We included data from two birth cohorts; the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Aarhus Birth Cohort. Recruitment of 141,216 eligible pregnancies occurred from 1 August 1989 to 31 December 2012. Read More

Pediatr Dent 2020 May;42(3):208-211

Dr. Childers is professor emeritus, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, both at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ala., USA.

The preferred epidemiological caries assessment method is the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) score, which records all crowned/missing primary teeth's surfaces as carious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dmfs score's accuracy in capturing caries-affected (versus treated) surfaces of crowned/extracted teeth. A high-caries risk cohort of children, eight to 18 months old at baseline, were recruited from a nonfluoridated, rural, minority, and low-income community. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020 Mar;66(3):284-289

. Centro de Pesquisa, Programa de Pós Graduação, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Objective: Children with renal tumors included in clinical trials have significantly better outcomes. In Brasil, the enrollment of patients in clinical trials remains challenging. Here we aimed to describe participation accrual in the Brazilian Wilms Tumor Study Group (BWTSG) and to identify barriers to trial registration of children with renal tumors. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020 Jun 8. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Background And Objectives: Improved survival of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has diverted attention to the long-term consequences of the treatment; metabolic abnormalities being one of the most important issues.

Methods: Children diagnosed with ALL at age 14 years and younger at Regional Cancer Centre in South India who completed treatment and who were on follow-up for >2 years were enrolled in the study between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019. They were prospectively evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and associated risk factors. Read More

BMJ Open 2020 Jun 7;10(6):e036374. Epub 2020 Jun 7.

1World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Policy and International Health, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, UK.

Objective: To estimate the health and financial burden of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in England and Wales.

Design: The study combined data from five randomly stratified cross-sectional ACE studies. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for major health risks and causes of ill health and applied to disability adjusted life years (DALYs), with financial costs estimated using a modified human capital method. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Objective: Female childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes related to their cancer or treatment-associated sequelae. Optimal care for CAYA cancer survivors can be facilitated by clinical practice guidelines that identify specific adverse pregnancy outcomes and the clinical characteristics of at-risk subgroups. However, national guidelines are scarce and vary in content. Read More

Nature 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.

Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is characterized by recurrent and often life-threatening infections, autoimmunity and cancer, and it poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although the most severe forms of PID are identified in early childhood, most patients present in adulthood, typically with no apparent family history and a variable clinical phenotype of widespread immune dysregulation: about 25% of patients have autoimmune disease, allergy is prevalent and up to 10% develop lymphoid malignancies. Consequently, in sporadic (or non-familial) PID genetic diagnosis is difficult and the role of genetics is not well defined. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Background: Adult survivors of childhood osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are at risk of developing therapy-related chronic health conditions. We characterized the cumulative burden of chronic conditions and health status of survivors of childhood bone sarcomas.

Methods: Survivors (n=207) treated between 1964 and 2002 underwent comprehensive clinical assessments (history/physical examination, laboratory analysis, physical and neurocognitive testing) and were compared to community controls (n=272). Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 Jun 2:101727. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address:

Background: The Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) network, through this report, provides a snapshot view of an expected child's treatment journey in five countries in the region.

Methods: Pediatric oncologists from cancer centers in Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, and Pakistan provided input on referral pathways, barriers to care, and patient outcomes, based on personal experience and published data. Outcome data were extracted from institutional registries. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2020 Jun 4:JCO1902760. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.

Purpose: To investigate cancer treatment plus pathogenic germline mutations (PGMs) in DNA repair genes (DRGs) for identification of childhood cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs).

Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on blood-derived DNA from survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort. PGMs were evaluated in 127 genes from 6 major DNA repair pathways. Read More

BMC Cancer 2020 Jun 3;20(1):508. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Background: Whilst epidemiological studies have provided evidence of associations between certain risk factors and glioma onset, inferring causality has proven challenging. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we assessed whether associations of 36 reported glioma risk factors showed evidence of a causal relationship.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE from inception to October 2018 to identify candidate risk factors and conducted a meta-analysis of two glioma genome-wide association studies (5739 cases and 5501 controls) to form our exposure and outcome datasets. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 06;382(23):2207-2219

From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology (V.M.-C., C.P.) and Clinical Research (G.V.), INSERM Unité 1015 (V.M.-C.), and the Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and INSERM Unité 1018 (A.A.), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (M.P.); the Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge (G.A.A.B.), Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham (K.W.), and the Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London (A.W.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (D.A.B.); the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (R.F.D.); the Division of Haematology-Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (S.A.); the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.U.); the Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and George Washington University, Washington, DC (C.M.B.); Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.Z.); the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (M.C.); the Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (B.K.); the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (A.K.C.); the Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (R.R.M.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (P.C.A.); and the National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD (T.G.G.).

Background: Rituximab added to chemotherapy prolongs survival among adults with B-cell cancer. Data on its efficacy and safety in children with high-grade, mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are limited.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, international, randomized, phase 3 trial involving patients younger than 18 years of age with high-risk, mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage III with an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level or stage IV) or acute leukemia to compare the addition of six doses of rituximab to standard lymphomes malins B (LMB) chemotherapy with standard LMB chemotherapy alone. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020 Jun;29(6):1081-1094

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Gigascience 2020 Jun;9(6)

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Biomedical research depends increasingly on computational tools, but mechanisms ensuring open data, open software, and reproducibility are variably enforced by academic institutions, funders, and publishers. Publications may present software for which source code or documentation are or become unavailable; this compromises the role of peer review in evaluating technical strength and scientific contribution. Incomplete ancillary information for an academic software package may bias or limit subsequent work. Read More

Front Public Health 2020 12;8:118. Epub 2020 May 12.

UMS 011 Inserm - UVSQ ≪ Cohortes épidémiologiques en population ≫, Villejuif, France.

Funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 programme, the research consortium aimed to investigate the effects of socioeconomic inequalities on the biology of healthy aging. The main research questions included the impact of inequalities on health, the role of behavioral and other risk factors, the underlying biological mechanisms, the efficacy of selected policies, and the general implications of our findings for theories and policies. The project adopted a life-course and comparative approach, considering lifetime effects from childhood and adulthood, and pooled data on up to 1. Read More

Gut 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with increased risk of small bowel cancer (SBC), but previous studies have been small. We aimed to examine the risk of incident SBC and death from SBC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Design: In a binational, population-based cohort study from Sweden and Denmark of patients with IBD during 1969-2017 and matched reference individuals from the general population, we evaluated the risk of incident SBC and death from SBC. Read More

Cancer 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Background: Birth defects are established risk factors for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, cancer epidemiology in children with birth defects is not well characterized.

Methods: Using data from population-based registries in 4 US states, this study compared children with cancer but no birth defects (n = 13,111) with children with cancer and 1 or more nonsyndromic birth defects (n = 1616). Read More

BMC Nutr 2020 14;6:25. Epub 2020 May 14.

1Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA.

Background: The role of fruit juice in pediatric dietary guidelines continues to be controversial, particularly with respect to concerns about unhealthy dietary habits and the potential promotion of excessive weight gain. The objective of the current study was to determine the association between preschool fruit juice consumption and the following outcomes during childhood and adolescence: whole and total fruit intake, diet quality, likelihood of meeting current dietary recommendations, and BMI change.

Methods: The data were previously collected from 100 children enrolled in the Framingham Children's Study at 3-6 years of age and subsequently followed for 10 years. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Children's Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of childhood cancers remain limited, highlighting the need for novel analytic strategies. We describe a hybrid GWAS and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach to uncover genotype-phenotype relationships and candidate risk loci, applying it to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods: PheWAS was performed for 12 ALL SNPs identified by prior GWAS and two control SNP-sets using UK Biobank data. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 May 25;67:101732. Epub 2020 May 25.

Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.

Background: Excess brain cancers observed after computed tomography (CT) scans could be caused by ionizing radiation. However, as scans are often used to investigate symptoms of brain cancer, excess cancers could also be due to reverse causation bias. We used finite mixture models (FMM) to differentiate CT exposures that are plausibly causal from those due to reverse causation. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 May 24:101733. Epub 2020 May 24.

Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Denmark.

Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today. Read More

J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Impairment of fertility and sexual/reproductive health are common after oncologic therapy, and are known to have negative impacts on romantic relationships and psychosocial well-being among childhood cancer survivors. The Pediatric Initiative Network (PIN) is an international, multidisciplinary group of providers within the Oncofertility Consortium dedicated to preserving and protecting the fertility of children and adolescents at risk for infertility due to medical conditions or treatments. The PIN and its Best Practices and Research committees meet virtually throughout the year, with one annual in-person meeting. Read More

J Cancer Educ 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer globally, with high mortality when left untreated. In sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania shows higher incidence rates of cervical cancer at 59.1 per 100,000 compared with the global average of 13. Read More

Br J Cancer 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.

Background: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by defects on chromosome 11p15.5. The quantitative cancer risks in BWS patients depend on the underlying (epi)genotype but have not yet been assessed in a population-based manner. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol 2020 May 19;67:101731. Epub 2020 May 19.

Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, CMN "Siglo XXI", IMSS. Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de AltaEspecialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de las Leucemias, Unidad de Investigación en Genética Humana, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN "Siglo XXI", IMSS. Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico. Electronic address:

Background: The parental age at conception has been reported to be a risk factor for childhood acute leukaemia (AL); however, the relationship is controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between parental age at conception and the risk of AL in Mexican children, a population with a high incidence of the disease and a high prevalence of pregnancies in adolescents and young adults.

Methods: A multicentre case-control study was conducted. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2020 Jun;8(6):e850-e857

National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba.

Background: The average age at which people start smoking has been decreasing in many countries, but insufficient evidence exists on the adult hazards of having started smoking in childhood and, especially, in early childhood. We aimed to investigate the association between smoking habits (focusing on the age when smokers started) and cause-specific premature mortality in a cohort of adults in Cuba.

Methods: For this prospective study, adults were recruited from five provinces in Cuba. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 Aug 21;67(8):e28408. Epub 2020 May 21.

Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate incidence rates and family risk of the most common childhood cancers, tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), and leukemia among individuals from Norway and individuals with Scandinavian ancestry living in Utah.

Methods: We used the Utah Population Database and the Norwegian National Population Register linked to Cancer registries to identify cancers in children born between 1966 and 2015 and their first-degree relatives. We calculated incidence rates and hazards ratios. Read More

PLoS One 2020 19;15(5):e0232708. Epub 2020 May 19.

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Insight in hospitalizations in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is useful to understand the impact of long-term morbidity. We aimed to investigate hospitalization rates and underlying types of diagnoses in CCS compared to matched controls, and to investigate the determinants.

Methods: We linked 5,650 five-year CCS from the Dutch nationwide Dutch LATER cohort and 109,605 age- and sex-matched controls to the Dutch Hospital Discharge register, which contained detailed information on inpatient hospitalizations from 1995-2016. Read More

Nat Neurosci 2020 Jul 18;23(7):842-853. Epub 2020 May 18.

Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Many immunotherapies act by enhancing the ability of cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. Killing depends on T cell recognition of antigens presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins on tumor cells. In this study, we showed that medulloblastomas lacking the p53 tumor suppressor do not express surface MHC-I and are therefore resistant to immune rejection. Read More

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020 05 18;17(1):65. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: To gain more understanding of the potential health effects of sedentary time, knowledge is required about the accumulation and longitudinal development of young people's sedentary time. This study examined tracking of young peoples' total and prolonged sedentary time as well as their day-to-day variation using the International Children's Accelerometry Database.

Methods: Longitudinal accelerometer data of 5991 children (aged 4-17y) was used from eight studies in five countries. Read More

Eur J Cancer 2020 Jul 15;133:4-13. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Gallbladder disease and need for cholecystectomy are common and significant contributors to patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Childhood cancer survivors are at elevated risk for developing cholelithiasis. However, their incidence of and risk factors for late (>5 years from diagnosis) cholecystectomy have not been studied. Read More

Ophthalmology 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.

Purpose: To generate recommendations for long-term follow-up of adult survivors of heritable retinoblastoma.

Design: We convened a meeting of providers from retinoblastoma centers around the world to review the state of the science and to evaluate the published evidence.

Participants: Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the retina. Read More