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Front Oncol 2021 25;11:629132. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal (CIGI) toxicity affects the quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the clinical application of treatment drugs. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of traditional herbal medicines (HMs) in alleviating symptoms of CIGI toxicity (including nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, oral mucositis, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension), and to explore further individual herb or herbal combinations in alleviating the CIGI toxicity. Nine electronic databases were screened from 2010 to 2020. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 29;12:627628. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.

Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) is an extremely serious complication of cancer. In China, the heat-clearing (Qingre) and detoxifying (Jiedu) traditional Chinese medicine QRJD-TCM gargle has been widely used to treat CIOM. To date, no systematic evaluation has been conducted on the clinical efficacy of QRJD-TCM gargle in treating CIOM. Read More

J Patient Rep Outcomes 2021 Mar 6;5(1):24. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Research on the management of complications of chemotherapy is important in facilitating the growing approaches to individualized patient management. Hence the need to document patient's perspectives about chemotherapy-induced mucositis and the support they need from cancer care teams.

Methods: We carried out a qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). Read More

Clin Exp Med 2021 May 26;21(2):297-313. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.

Zinc is a trace element that plays an important role in the immune system and cell growth. The role of zinc in cancer treatment has been discussed for some time, however without reaching an evidenced-based consensus. Therefore, we aim to critically examine and review existing evidence on the role of zinc during cancer treatment. Read More

J Lasers Med Sci 2020 3;11(4):475-480. Epub 2020 Oct 3.

Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.

Oral mucositis (OM) has been considered one of the most feared collateral effects of oncological treatments. Some therapies have been used, such as light-emitting diode (LED), with promising results, but with no sufficient evidence in the literature. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate, by clinical and histological analysis, the effect of LED on the treatment of chemotherapy-induced OM (CIOM) in an animal model. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2021 Jan 9. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Medicinaregatan 12D, PO Box 450, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objectives: Ice chips (IC) have successfully been used to prevent the development of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM). Although effective, IC entails several shortcomings and may open avenues for systemic infections as the water used may be contaminated by microorganisms, which may jeopardise the medical rehabilitation of an already immunosuppressed patient. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability profile of a novel intraoral cooling device (ICD). Read More

Biomolecules 2020 Dec 29;11(1). Epub 2020 Dec 29.

Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EB80, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

Mucositis is a common side-effect of chemotherapy treatment, inducing alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Redox active compounds, such as vitamins B2 and C, have been shown to reduce inflammation and enhance the growth of anaerobic bacteria in the gut. We therefore aimed to (1) validate the ability of these compounds to promote bacterial cell growth in vitro, and (2) determine their prophylactic efficacy in a rat model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. Read More

Oral Dis 2020 Dec 8. Epub 2020 Dec 8.

Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Objective: To clinically assess the effectiveness of topical chamomile oral gel in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

Material And Methods: A parallel single-blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 45 patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Patients were assigned to three equal groups. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Dec;99(49):e23387

Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Oral mucositis (OM), one of the most common side effects for cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy, can cause severe impairment to patients' functional ability and impact their quality of life, resulting in delayed and/or incomplete treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine offers empirical herbal decoctions to gargle for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced OM; however, evidence for its clinical efficacy and safety is lacking. Therefore, we provide a protocol to evaluate the preventive effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced OM. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2021 Jan 30;60(1):53-59. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Background: To retrospectively review the outcomes of two rare cutaneous diseases, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and to question the practice of averaging the mortality rate on the assumption that they are one disease.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with SJS and TEN by a dermatologist between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2020, at our institution was performed. Seventy-one patients were identified (21 pediatric and 50 adults). Read More

Clin J Oncol Nurs 2020 12;24(6):E71-E78

High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine.

Background: Studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the efficacy of chemical mouthwashes for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

Objectives: This study sought to compare the effect of the combined solution of grape vinegar and rose water versus chlorhexidine mouthwash on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

Methods: 60 patients were randomly assigned to either chlorhexidine or the vinegar and rose water solution. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Nov 9;10(1):19806. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. Read More

Int J Dent 2020 20;2020:1243953. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

This study aims to evaluate the salivary parameters and cariogenic microbiota of pediatric oncological patients and their correlation with severe oral mucositis (SOM). A preliminary longitudinal study included patients in the age range from 4 to 18 years ( = 26), with diagnosis of primary cancer, who were followed up before and after time intervals of two, five, and ten weeks of induction chemotherapy. Oral mucosa examinations were performed by means of the modified Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by calibrated examiners ( > 0. Read More

Heliyon 2020 Oct 15;6(10):e05231. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Practice for Gynecology, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 2, 35781 Weilburg, Germany.

There are various situations when honey can be reasonably used in cases of disease, for example radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. We investigated the underlying reasons why women eat honey and why some would refuse to use honey even if it was reasonable to do so. In order to answer these questions, we asked 201 women to answer various questions related to the consumption of honey. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 10 1;10(1):16189. Epub 2020 Oct 1.

Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of cancer therapy, however OM management remains unsatisfactory. There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics in OM due to positive findings of its use in intestinal mucositis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 strains in chemotherapy-induced OM. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 Sep 14:145561319894405. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

Oral mucositis (OM) refers to erythematous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. This pathology can occur by various causes. Cancer therapy is one of the well-known causes of OM such as chemotherapy and/or with radiation therapy. Read More

J Cancer 2020 11;11(18):5390-5394. Epub 2020 Jul 11.

Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University.

Kampo medicine or Japanese/Chinese traditional herbal medicine has long been used for the treatment of various diseases, mainly in Asian countries. In recent years, Asian investigators have attempted to clarify the mechanism and clinical efficacy of Kampo medicine. This review summarizes the background, current status, and future perspectives of Kampo medicine in the multimodal treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Read More

J Am Dent Assoc 2020 Oct 28;151(10):e86. Epub 2020 Jul 28.

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Jul 17;12(7). Epub 2020 Jul 17.

Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8522, Japan.

Chemotherapy-induced adverse effects can reduce the relative dose intensity and quality of life. In this study, we investigated the potential benefit of supplementary anamorelin and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as preventive interventions against a gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) combination chemotherapy-induced adverse effects in a mouse model. Non-cancer-bearing C3H mice were randomly allocated as follows and treated for 2 weeks-(1) non-treated control, (2) oral anamorelin alone, (3) oral 5-ALA alone, (4) gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy, (5) GC plus anamorelin, and (6) GC plus 5-ALA. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021 Apr 23;17(2):e10-e17. Epub 2020 Jul 23.

Faculty of Medicine, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Oral mucositis is a painful and distressing complication of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in cancer patients that can develop early during the treatment regimen. Previous studies have demonstrated that both oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in the development of the ulceration that is a characteristic of oral mucositis. To date, a few studies have investigated the effect of this complication on the well-being of patients, demonstrating its negative impact on patients' functional ability and quality of life. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2020 Aug 22;13(2):209-215. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.

Elental is an L-glutamine-rich elemental diet (ED) that has been widely used in Japan as a nutritional supplement for malnourished patients. In addition, Elental has been successfully used in the management of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in cancer patients. Recently, it was also reported that Elental can effectively reduce chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and can also reduce mucositis and dermatitis in animal models. Read More

Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020 Aug 15;38(8):466-471. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

Department of Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

To determine optimal settings of a specific diode laser for reducing the severity of oral mucositis (OM) in pediatric patients. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been reported to reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced OM. Treatment parameters for PBM are difficult to determine due to different reports in the literature. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2020 Jun 1;12(6):e574-e580. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran.

Background: No definitive protocol has been introduced for treatment or prevention of chemotherapy induced mucositis. The aim of this study was to assess the additive effect of Persica and chlorhexidine on chemotherapy induced mucositis of children with hematomalignancies.

Material And Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 44 children aged 6 to 12 years who were under a similar maintenance chemotherapy protocol for their hematomalignancies. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 09 10;67(9):e28573. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background And Aims: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and distressing toxicity in children on chemotherapy. There are a limited number of safe and effective therapeutic options available for OM. Ketamine oral rinse has shown promising results in a few studies in adults. Read More

J Palliat Med 2020 07;23(7):886-887

Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.

BMC Cancer 2020 Jun 22;20(1):578. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Background: This pilot trial aimed to investigate whether modified short-term fasting (mSTF) reduces the incidence of chemotherapy-induced toxicities and whether an initial ketogenic diet (KD) as fasting supportive diet reduces fasting-related discomfort and improves the compliance.

Methods: In this controlled cross-over trial, gynaecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with a minimum of 4 cycles fasted for 96 h during half of their chemotherapy cycles and consumed a normocaloric diet during the other chemotherapy cycles. The caloric intake during mSTF was restricted to 25% of each patient's daily requirement. Read More

BMC Cancer 2020 Jun 16;20(1):560. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine are fluoropyrimidine derivatives that mainly metabolized with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme (DPD). The genetic polymorphism in the genes encoding this enzyme may result in a decrease or loss of enzyme activity which may lead to the accumulation of medicines, their metabolites and potential toxicity.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 participants with colorectal cancer (CRC). Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2020 Oct 13;35(8):1857-1866. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil.

The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM) in paediatric care has increased. In this article, we report data of paediatric oncology/haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients treated with PBMT to prevent chemotherapy-induced OM. A retrospective study was conducted at a Brazilian referral service. Read More

Complement Ther Med 2020 Jun 1;51:102390. Epub 2020 May 1.

Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Kehl, Ebertplatz 12, 77654 Offenburg, Germany.

Objectives: Apitherapy, a method from the field of complementary and alternative medicine, promises better survival and even cure in cases of cancer.

Design: 129 books on apitherapy in English, French and German languages were analysed regarding the recommendations concerning cancer. The recommendations were compared to the results from clinical studies in the literature. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Apr 11;9(4). Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of chemotherapy and remains a significant unmet need. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oral bacteriota and HSV-1 in OM. Forty-six patients admitted for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were longitudinally evaluated for OM, Candida, HSV-1, and leukocyte count, and buccal mucosal bacterial samples were obtained during their admission period. Read More