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Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021 May 15;22(6):52. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5024, USA.

Opinion Statement: To date, there is no FDA-approved chemoprevention approach for tobacco-related HNSCC. Effective chemoprevention approaches validated in sufficiently powered randomized trials are needed to reduce the incidence and improve survival. In this review, we recap the challenges encountered in past chemoprevention trials and discuss emerging approaches, with major focus on green chemoprevention, precision prevention, and immunoprevention. Read More

Cancer Cell Int 2020 Nov 5;20(1):539. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

Polyamines are aliphatic compounds with more than two amino groups that play various important roles in human cells. In cancer, polyamine metabolism dysfunction often occurs, and regulatory mechanisms of polyamine. This review summarizes the existing research on the metabolism and transport of polyamines to study the association of oncogenes and related signaling pathways with polyamines in tumor cells. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Dec 2;12(12). Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.

NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by ) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation of cancer by chemical carcinogens through induction of genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes. However, in many tumour types, NRF2 is permanently upregulated. Read More

J Cancer Prev 2020 Sep;25(3):127-135

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Cancer prevention encompasses a broad spectrum of strategies designed to lower the chance of developing cancer and reduce the morbidity of established cancer. There are three levels of cancer prevention. Eliminating or mitigating cancer risk factors by adopting healthy behaviors and lifestyles, such as avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and applying sunscreen to protect against UV exposure, belongs to primary prevention and is the easiest and most effective way of preventing cancer for the general public. Read More

Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020 08 20;13(8):649-660. Epub 2020 May 20.

Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was the 7th most common malignancy worldwide in 2018 and despite therapeutic advances, the overall survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; ∼50%) has remained unchanged for decades. The most common types are OSCC and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC, survival rate ∼85%). Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor of HNSCC. Read More

Cancer Lett 2020 05 26;477:60-69. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Betel quid (BQ) and areca nut use are at risk of cancer. This review includes the latest evidence of carcinogenesis caused by BQ exposure, suggests possible prevention strategies. We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles published in the past 10 years according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Read More

Cancer Lett 2020 03 10;472:1-7. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genome instability syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical resection is the standard of care for solid tumors, as patients with FA do not tolerate genotoxic chemotherapies or radiation, leading to poor prognosis. It is therefore imperative to develop chemoprevention strategies such as the identification of novel biomarkers to detect the formation of the tumor before its emergence and to use them in clinical trials aimed to counteract genome instability of patients with FA in tissues at risk. Read More

Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2019 ;13(1):16-36

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India.

Background: Cancer is a life-threatening global problem with high incidence rates. Prioritizing the prevention of cancer, chemopreventive agents have drawn much attention from the researchers.

Objective: This review focuses on the discussion of the progress in the development of chemopreventive agents and formulations related to the prevention of oral cancer. Read More

Clin Cancer Res 2019 07 13;25(13):3759-3771. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

A mounting body of evidence now indicates that PARP inhibitors have the potential to be used as a foundation for both monotherapy and combination strategies across a wide spectrum of molecular backgrounds and tumor types. Although PARP inhibitors as a class display many similarities, critical differences in structure can translate into differences in tolerability and antitumor activity that have important implications for the clinic. Furthermore, while PARP inhibitors have demonstrated a clear role in treating tumors with underlying homologous recombination deficiencies, there is now biological and early clinical evidence to support their use in other molecular subsets of cancer, including tumors associated with high levels of replication stress such as small-cell lung cancer. Read More

Head Neck 2018 11 10;40(11):2347-2352. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.

Background: The purpose of our article was to describe a tertiary center's experience with patients with primarily surgically treated early-stage intraoral cancer with a second primary malignancy confirmed during follow-up.

Methods: A total of 183 patients were primarily surgically treated for oral cancer between 2000 and 2004. Among these, 24 patients (13. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2018 ;18(3):182-191

National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, United States.

Enthusiasm for the use of dietary bioactive compounds as chemopreventive agents and adjuvants for current therapies has increased laboratory research conducted on several types of cancers including Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). The green chemoprevention movement is a modern approach to highlight healthy lifestyle changes that aim to decrease the incidence of HNSCC. A healthy diet can be an effective way to prevent the development of oral cancers. Read More

Genome Biol 2017 Dec 20;18(1):237. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy.

Background: Circular RNAs are a class of endogenous RNAs with various functions in eukaryotic cells. Worthy of note, circular RNAs play a critical role in cancer. Currently, nothing is known about their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Dec 1;96:1465-1477. Epub 2017 Dec 1.

Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Over 90% of all breast cancer cases are of different 'sporadic' cell types, thus placing emphasis on the need for breast cancer prevention and new effective treatment strategies. In recent years, pre-clinical research provides growing evidence regarding the beneficial action of bioactive plant-derived substances - phytochemicals, on multiple cancer-related biological pathways. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2017 Jul;23(28):5051-5067

Chidi Amadi, Piers Gatenby, Regional Oesophagogastric Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, United Kingdom.

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in Western countries. This tumour frequently presents late in its course with metastatic disease and has a very poor prognosis. Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired condition whereby the native squamous mucosa of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium following prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux and is the recognised precursor lesion for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Read More

Mol Cell Biochem 2018 Mar 12;440(1-2):11-22. Epub 2017 Aug 12.

Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India.

Over the decades, the survival rates for oral cancer have not improved despite development in novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the present study is aimed at investigating the chemopreventive potential of parthenolide in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. The hamsters were divided into 4 groups (n = 6/group). Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 10 11;157(4):580-588. Epub 2017 Jul 11.

1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

Objective To determine the optimal duration and type of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean-contaminated resection for head and neck cancer. Data Sources Search strategies were created by a medical librarian, implemented in multiple databases, and completed in June 2016. Review Methods The population of interest was adults ≥18 years undergoing clean-contaminated head and neck surgery, intervention was postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, comparator was duration and types of antibiotics used, outcome was the wound infection rate, and the study design was randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Read More

J Biomed Sci 2017 Mar 3;24(1):19. Epub 2017 Mar 3.

Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building, Rm. 3140, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

The occurrence of more than 200 diseases, including cancer, can be attributed to alcohol drinking. The global cancer deaths attributed to alcohol-consumption rose from 243,000 in 1990 to 337,400 in 2010. In 2010, cancer deaths due to alcohol consumption accounted for 4. Read More

Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2016 ;33(4):363-400

Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer; it involves damage to oral epithelial cells due to accumulation of multiple genetic mutations in the cells. OSCC remains major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancers. Tobacco, smoking, alcohol consumption alone or with chewing tobacco, and betel quid are potential carcinogens contributing to the high occurrence of OSCC. Read More

Free Radic Res 2016 Oct 19;50(10):1071-1079. Epub 2016 May 19.

a Digestive Disease Center , CHA University Bundang Medical Center , Seongnam , Korea.

The incidence of reflux esophagitis increases in world, affecting approximately 20% of Western populations and its consequent lesion, Barrett's esophagus (BE), established as the primary precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) or Barrett associated adenocarcinoma (BAA), is also increasing in incidence in Asian countries as well as Western countries. The fact that surveillance strategies have not had a major benefit in decreasing the incidence of EAC increased attention to arrest or delay the progression of BE to EAC. Since sustained inflammation and consequent oxidative stress plays core pathogenic role in reflux esophagitis, BE, and BAA, attention paid to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Read More

Nat Commun 2016 08 30;7:12601. Epub 2016 Aug 30.

Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) comprises 15-20% of all skin cancers, accounting for over 700,000 cases in USA annually. Most cuSCC arise in association with a distinct precancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). To identify potential targets for molecularly targeted chemoprevention, here we perform integrated cross-species genomic analysis of cuSCC development through the preneoplastic AK stage using matched human samples and a solar ultraviolet radiation-driven Hairless mouse model. Read More

Future Oncol 2016 Oct 22;12(20):2379-86. Epub 2016 Jun 22.

Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 432, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas represent a significant cancer burden worldwide. Unfortunately, chemoprevention strategies investigated to date have failed to produce an agent considered standard of care to prevent oral cancers. Nonetheless, recent advances in clinical trial design may streamline drug development in this setting. Read More

Fam Cancer 2016 07;15(3):477-85

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary condition with a near 100 % lifetime risk of colorectal cancer without prophylactic colectomy. Most patients with FAP have a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene on chromosome 5q22. This condition frequently presents in children with polyps developing most frequently in the second decade of life and surveillance colonoscopy is required starting at age ten. Read More

Semin Oncol 2016 Feb 15;43(1):78-85. Epub 2015 Dec 15.

Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a debilitating and highly lethal malignancy, has risen dramatically over the past 40 years in the United States and other Western countries. To reverse this trend, EAC prevention and early detection efforts by clinicians, academic researchers and endoscope manufacturers have targeted Barrett's esophagus (BE), the widely accepted EAC precursor lesion. Data from surgical, endoscopic and pre-clinical investigations strongly support the malignant potential of BE. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015 Dec 11;29(6):855-67. Epub 2015 Sep 11.

CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

"War on cancer" was declared through the National Cancer Act by President Richard Nixon in 1971, but cancer statistics from the American Cancer Society and other sources indicated the failure of this war, suggesting instead focus on the message that a "prevention strategy" might be much more effective than cancer treatment. While cancer statistics notoriously showed sharp increases in incidence as well as in mortality concurrent with economic growth in Asia, fortunately Asian countries benefit from plentiful resources of natural compounds, which can prevent cancer. Just like cancer chemotherapeutics targeted to kill cancer cells in Western countries, natural agents activating molecular mechanisms for cancer prevention, reversion of premalignant tumors, and even ablation of cancer stem cells, are very abundant in Asia. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2015 Jun;95(3):593-604

Division of General Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address:

Although there are many unanswered questions with Barrett esophagus, we can safely say that the incidence is increasing, chemoprevention strategies for the prevention of Barrett metaplasia and its progression to adenocarcinoma may be in the offing, surveillance should be considered for all patients who are discovered to have Barrett esophagus, RFA is the treatment of choice for those with HGD and strongly considered in those with LGD, EMR should be the treatment of choice for patients with nodular high-grade Barrett esophagus, and, finally, vagal-sparing esophagectomy reserved for patients with persistent HGD or a strong suspicion of carcinoma, with consideration of a concomitant fundoplication. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015 Jul 5;153(1):60-8. Epub 2015 May 5.

Center for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Objective: To assess hospital- and physician-level variation in pattern of perioperative antibiotic use for laryngectomy and the relationship between pattern of antibiotic use and surgical site infection (SSI), wound dehiscence, and antibiotic-induced complications.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of University HealthSystem Consortium data.

Setting: Academic medical centers and affiliated hospitals. Read More

Oral Oncol 2015 Jun 25;51(6):565-9. Epub 2015 Mar 25.

MGV KBH Dental College, Nashik, India. Electronic address:

STATs can be activated independently of JAKs, most notably by c-Src kinases. In cancer cells, STAT3 and STAT5 activation leads to the increased expression of downstream target genes, leading to increased cell proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and immune system evasion. STAT3 and STAT5 are expressed and activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma where they contribute to cell survival and proliferation. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015 Feb 29;29(1):151-65. Epub 2014 Dec 29.

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Increasing incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma along with poor survival entails novel preventive strategies. Agents that target pro-oncogenic pathways in Barrett's mucosa could halt this neoplastic transformation. In this review, we will use epidemiological associations and molecular mechanisms to identify novel chemoprevention targets in Barrett's oesophagus. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2015 ;815:333-48

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for around 6% of all cancers in the USA. Few of the greatest obstacles in HNSCC include development of secondary primary tumor, resistance and toxicity associated with the conventional treatments, together decreasing the overall 5-year survival rate in HNSCC patients to ≤50%. Radiation and chemotherapy are the conventional treatment options available for HNSCC patients at both early and late stage of this cancer type malignancy. Read More

Oral Oncol 2014 Dec 16;50(12):1123-30. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address:

Worldwide, oral cancer is responsible for 170,000 deaths per year. Intervention to prevent this disease is a long sought after goal. Chemoprevention studies have focused on clinicopathological features of potentially malignant lesions (PML) in an effort to prevent their progression to cancer. Read More