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Int J Dermatol 2022 Mar 22. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the minor salivary glands predominantly in the lower lip. In this article, we report the case of an 18-year-old black woman who presented with a deep suppurative type of CG in both lips. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase) to identify CG case reports or case series. Read More

Oral Dis 2022 Feb 3. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.

Objectives: Cheilitis Glandularis (CG) is an uncommon entity of obscure etiology. A cases series is presented with emphasis on etiopathogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen CG cases were analyzed according to their demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 Mar 1;25(1):113-117. Epub 2020 Aug 1.

Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.

Cheilitis Glandularis (CG) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with no specific etiology that affects the minor salivary glands of the lips. The main characteristic of this condition consists of the exit of thick saliva or mucopurulent secretion through the dilated ducts present in the vermilion border of the lip, associated to varying degrees of macrocheilia. In this article we report the case of a male patient, leucoderma, 48 years old, that exhibited actinic cheilitis and glandular cheilitis. Read More

Case Rep Dent 2018 18;2018:9169208. Epub 2018 Mar 18.

Division of Oral Medicine Clinic, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an inflammatory condition of unknown cause that predominantly affects the minor salivary glands of the lips. Although a diagnosis of CG is not difficult, its treatment is a challenge. This article highlights the clinical presentation of the disease together with a case of successful management of this disease using a combination of a steroid injection followed by a topical immunosuppressor. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2017 Sep-Oct;62(5):549

Department of Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:

Mayo Clin Proc 2017 07 7;92(7):1053-1060. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.

Objective: To identify patients evaluated in an outpatient setting at our institution with a presentation of recurrent orofacial swelling and to review the spectrum of causes to outline a diagnostic approach.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of 104 patients with more than 1 episode of orofacial swelling lasting for more than 5 days identified through a keyword search of the electronic health record from January 2, 2000, through July 5, 2011.

Results: Patients were categorized according to final cause of orofacial swelling: idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis, solid facial edema due to rosacea and acne vulgaris, Crohn disease, contact dermatitis, sarcoidosis, exfoliative cheilitis, lichen planus, actinic cheilitis, cheilitis glandularis, lymphedema, miscellaneous, and multifactorial. Read More

J Conserv Dent 2016 May-Jun;19(3):285-8

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mishaps can occur during dental procedures, some owing to inattention to detail and others are totally unpredictable. They usually include anaphylaxis or allergic reactions to materials used for restorative purposes or drugs such as local anesthetics. A patient reported to our department with moderate dental fluorosis, and the treatment was planned with indirect composite veneering. Read More

GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW 2016 20;5:Doc04. Epub 2016 Jan 20.

Gerhard-Seifert Reference Centre, Hansepathnet, Hamburg, Germany.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare benign affection of the lip mucosa. The etiology and pathogenesis of CG are unknown. Surgical measures are the leading therapeutic options to treat CG. Read More

Oral Oncol 2016 Mar 16;54:28-35. Epub 2016 Jan 16.

The Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Confocal microscopy (CM) has been shown to correlate with oral mucosal histopathology in vivo. The purposes of this review are to summarize what we know so far about in vivo CM applications for oral mucosal pathologies, to highlight some current developments with CM devices relevant for oral applications, and to formulate where in vivo CM could hold further application for oral mucosal diagnosis and management. Ovid Medline® and/or Google® searches were performed using the terms 'microscopy, confocal', 'mouth neoplasms', 'mouth mucosa', 'leukoplakia, oral', 'oral lichen planus', 'gingiva', 'cheilitis', 'taste', 'inflammatory oral confocal', 'mucosal confocal' and 'confocal squamous cell oral'. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2015 Jul-Aug;81(4):430

Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India.

Am J Dermatopathol 2015 Mar;37(3):197-202

*Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; †Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ‡Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and §Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital Obrero, La Paz, Bolívia.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an uncommon condition of unknown origin; it is clinically characterized by variable degrees of macrocheilia associated with red dilated ostia of minor salivary glands on the vermilion area, which secrete viscous saliva. Histopathological characteristics of CG are comprised of chronic sialadenitis with engorged acinar lobules and dilated ducts; CG also features chronic sun damage (actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma). These changes may be localized, and a punch biopsy specimen might fail to reveal enough criteria to support the diagnosis of CG. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2014 May;51(5):421

Department of Dermatology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014 Mar 7;28(3):382-7. Epub 2013 Jan 7.

Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São PauloDepartment of Pathology, Dental School- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare condition in which thick saliva is secreted from dilated ostia of swollen minor salivary glands from the lips. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that exhibit channel activity specific for water and small solutes. AQPs are essential for corporal homeostasis, and are widely expressed through human tissues. Read More

ISRN Dent 2011 15;2011:457567. Epub 2010 Dec 15.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare disorder characterized by swelling of the lip with hyperplasia of the labial salivary glands. CG is most frequently encountered in the lower lip, in middle-aged to older Caucasian men; however Asian cases were rarely reported. In this paper we present two cases of CG in Asian-Japanese men. Read More

Oral Dis 2011 Apr 28;17(3):335-9. Epub 2010 Oct 28.

Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objectives: To present a combination of clinical and histopathological criteria for diagnosing cheilitis glandularis (CG), and to evaluate the association between CG and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Materials And Methods: The medical literature in English was searched from 1950 to 2010 and selected demographic data, and clinical and histopathological features of CG were retrieved and analysed.

Results: A total of 77 cases have been published and four new cases were added to the collective data. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Feb 11;62(2):233-8. Epub 2009 Dec 11.

Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a condition in which thick saliva is secreted by minor labial salivary glands and adheres to a swollen lip causing discomfort to the patient. Most publications refer to single case reports or small case series.

Objective: We sought to report and to analyze clinical, pathological, and therapeutic data on 22 patients with CG seen at the department of dermatology at our university. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2009 Jan 15;15(1). Epub 2009 Jan 15.

School of Dentistry of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Recife, Brazil.

A variety of pathological conditions of diverse etiologies may involve the lips. Cheilitis glandularis (CGL) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation of the minor salivary glands of the lower lip. The aim of this paper is to compare the diagnosis and treatment of two cases of CGL at an early age (one in a child and the other in a young adult with mental retardation) with the diagnosis and treatment of actinic cheilitis, which is much more prevalent than CGL in tropical countries. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2009 ;89(1):99-100

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008 Dec;66(12):2585-91

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System and School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

East Afr Med J 2007 Dec;84(12):595-8

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG), is a rare inflammatory minor salivary gland disease affecting the lower lip. The hallmarks of which include progressive enlargement and eversion of the lower labial mucosa resulting in the obliteration of the mucosal-vermillion interface. A case is presented of a 47-year-old HIV-infected woman who initially manifested clinical features of CG with a typical histopathology picture of a non-specific sialadenitis while a second biopsy performed six months later revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007 Oct;21(9):1265-7

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007 Aug;21(7):999-1000

J Am Acad Dermatol 2006 Feb;54(2):336-7

Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

We report the case of an 84-year-old white male who underwent vermilionectomy for removal of a tumor, which proved to be squamous cell carcinoma. Chelitis glandularis related to marked actinic damage was noted at a subsequent visit. The presence of chelitis glandularis should be investigated for the presence of neoplasia, immunosuppression, or inflammatory diseases related to extremely poor oral hygiene. Read More

Skinmed 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):391-2

Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and the Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

A 52-year-old black woman presented with a 2-day history of lower lip swelling 5 days after starting a new medication, lisinopril. She had never experienced similar episodes in the past. She denied shortness of breath, tightening of the throat, swelling of the tongue, generalized cutaneous eruption, urticaria, or pruritus. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005 Feb;99(2):175-9

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory salivary gland disease that usually affects the lips. Although the etiology of CG is still unknown, it is believed to be a hereditary disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Three clinical presentations of CG are described in the literature: simple, superficial suppurative, and deep suppurative. Read More

Med Oral 2004 May-Jul;9(3):212-5

Departamento de Estamatología Terapéutica, Academia de Medicina del Estado de Perm, Rusia.

Objective: To study the frequency and spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV-infected drug-users in the Perm region.

Subjects: 104 seropositive HIV-infected drug-users (69 male, 35 female; ages 15 to 32 years; 13 co-infected with hepatitis viruses) and 13 AIDS-infected drug-users (7 male, 6 female; ages 16 to 37 years; 12 co-infected with hepatitis viruses).

Results: The most frequent forms of oral mucosal lesions in the HIV-infected group -- candidiasis (32. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2004 ;84(1):77-9

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003 Mar;95(3):312-7

Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6030, USA.

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an uncommon disease that usually affects the lower lip of adults. It is characterized by enlargement and eversion of the lip in association with excretory duct dilatation. The presence of minor salivary gland hyperplasia is controversial. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2003 Feb;148(2):362

B3 C.S. Patel Enclave 3, Pratapgunj, Vadodara 390002 India.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003 Feb;95(2):142-4

Universidade Federal De Pernambuco, University College London, United Kingdom.

Cheilitis glandularis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation of the minor salivary glands of the lower lip. The present report details the features of a patient who presented with cheilitis glandularis and was subsequently found to also have undiagnosed HIV infection. Read More