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Handb Clin Neurol 2022 ;186:151-161

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.

The surgical morbidity of brainstem lesions is higher than in other areas of the central nervous system because the compact brainstem is highly concentrated with neural structures that are often distorted or even unrecognizable under microscopic view. Intraoperative neurophysiologic mapping helps identify critical neural structures to avoid damaging them. With the trans-fourth ventricular floor approach, identifying the facial colliculi and vagal and hypoglossal triangles enables incising and approaching the brainstem through the safe entry zones, the suprafacial or infrafacial triangle, with minimal injury. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022 Jul;162(1):e1-e2

Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Curitiba, Paraná, Jequié, Bahia, and Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Background/aims: Late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) is a neurodegenerative, blinding lysosomal storage disorder. The purpose of the current study was to characterise the progression of CLN2-associated retinal degeneration in patients under intraventricular enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with cerliponase alfa.

Methods: We analysed visual function, retinal morphology and neuropaediatric data using preferential looking test (PLT), Weill Cornell Batten Scale (WCBS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and the Hamburg Motor-Language late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) Scale (M-L scale). Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Objectives: To explore the possible role of peripheral lesions (PLs) detected by ultrawide field (UWF) imaging system on central neurovascular structure and retinal function.

Methods: Ninety-seven diabetic patients were included in this cross-sectional study using UWF pseudocolour colour imaging with Optos Daytona (Optos, PLC). UWF images were graded as with predominantly peripheral lesions (PPLs) and without PPL. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 30;12(6):e058645. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are common and may predispose affected individuals to various health problems, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although a relationship between ACE and AUD has been well-established, potential mechanisms that may underlie this relationship remain to be elucidated. The importance of these mechanisms with respect to relapse risk is of particular interest, given the clinical relevance of relapse in addictions. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 30;12(6):e062078. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

NIHR Applied Research Collaborative North East and North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to mental health services, forcing the rapid implementation of alternative ways of delivering services alongside a greater immediate, and continuously growing, demand across those services. The care and level of mental health service provided are felt to be inadequate to respond to the increasing demand for mental health conditions in the time of the pandemic, leading to an urgent need to learn from service change and consequences to inform solutions and plans to support the NHS postpandemic plan in the UK. This rapid review aims to understand the changes in mental health services during the pandemic and summarise the impact of these changes on the health outcomes of people with mental health conditions. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 30;12(6):e056538. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Introduction: Historically, heterogeneous outcome assessments have been used to measure recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI), making it difficult to compare across studies. To date, however, there is no comprehensive review of clinical outcome assessments that are used in intervention studies of adults with DoC. The objective of this scoping review is to develop a comprehensive inventory of clinical outcome assessments for recovery of consciousness that have been used in clinical studies of adults with DoC following TBI. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 30;12(6):e057065. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

Objectives: To examine the impact of urbanisation on the prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension among elderly in China.

Design: This cross-sectional study used data from the most recent nationally representative Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 2018.

Setting: People in urban and rural communities from 500 sample areas in 22 Chinese provinces. Read More

BMJ Glob Health 2022 Jun;7(6)

Malaria Consortium, Niger State, Nigeria.

Introduction: Almost all sub-Saharan African countries have adopted some form of integrated community case management (iCCM) to reduce child mortality, a strategy targeting common childhood diseases in hard-to-reach communities. These programs are complex, maintain diverse implementation typologies and involve many components that can influence the potential success of a program or its ability to effectively perform at scale. While tools and methods exist to support the design and implementation of iCCM and measure its progress, these may not holistically consider some of its key components, which can include program structure, setting context and the interplay between community, human resources, program inputs and health system processes. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.M., C.E., M.M.L., K.D.).

Background And Purpose: There is growing evidence of leakage of gadolinium in an impaired blood-retina barrier. We investigated gadolinium enhancement in different eye compartments and correlated the enhancement with specific ophthalmologic diseases.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective clinical study (ClinicalTrials. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Neurology (A.V.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background And Purpose: Pathogenic somatic variants affecting the genes () are extensively linked to the process of oncogenesis, in particular related to central nervous system tumors in children. Recently, germline missense variants were described as the cause of a novel pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder. We aimed to investigate patterns of brain MR imaging of individuals carrying germline variants. Read More

Endocrinology 2022 Jul 1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.

Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy-specific disorder that is a major cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is the production of antiangiogenic and inflammatory factors by the hypoxic placenta, leading to the downstream manifestations of the disease, including hypertension and end-organ damage. Currently, effective treatments are limited for preeclampsia; however, the development of preclinical animal models has helped in the development and evaluation of new therapeutics. Read More

Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a potent DNA-interactive anticancer drug; however, its clinical drawbacks are chiefly associated with induction of oxidative multi-organ toxicity. Sitagliptin (STG) is an antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drug with antioxidant efficacy. Herein, we have explored whether STG could abrogate the CYP-induced oxidative stress-mediated cardiac and hepatorenal toxicities in male rats. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Safai, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background:  Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and diffusely infiltrative primary brain tumor. Recurrence is almost universal even after all primary standard treatments. This article aims to review the literature and update the standard treatment strategies for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Read More

Bioresour Technol 2022 Jun 27:127517. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India.

Global interest in lignocellulosic biorefineries has increased in the recent past due to technological advancements in sustainable and cost-effective production of numerous commodity and speciality chemicals and fuels from renewable lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). As a result, the market value of biorefinery products has also increased over the time, with an estimated worth of USD 867.7 billion by 2025. Read More

Pharmacol Res 2022 Jun 27:106329. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia 2050; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 2050; Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 2050; Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 2050. Electronic address:

Cellular therapies utilizing T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have garnered significant interest due to their clinical success in haematological malignancies. Unfortunately, this success has not been replicated in solid tumours, with only a small fraction of patients achieving complete responses. A number of obstacles to effective CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors have been identified including tumor antigen heterogeneity, poor T cell fitness and persistence, inefficient trafficking and inability to penetrate into the tumor, immune-related adverse events due to on-target/off-tumor toxicity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Chromium pollution is a major environmental concern; thus, effective and multifunctional adsorbents for removing the Cr(VI) ion are urgently needed. A fluorescent nanocellulose-based hydrogel (FNH) incorporating titanate nanofibers (TNs) was developed for the sorption and detection of Cr(VI) ion. The chemical and physical structures of the hydrogels, as well as their sorption and detection properties, were studied. Read More

Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022 Jun 27:107558. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

United States National Herbarium, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA.

Understanding the evolution of the tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae) has been the subject of considerable effort in the past decade. This is due to the key position of this tribe in the phylogeny of the sunflower family and the corresponding implications for biogeographic and morphological evolution of Compositae. Previous studies have confirmed the monophyly of this tribe as well as most of the genera that belong to it. Read More

Brain Res Bull 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P.R. China.

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection broke. With the gradual deepening understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, researchers and clinicians noticed that this disease is closely related to the nervous system and has complex effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system, including the pathways of invasion, direct and indirect effects, and associated neuropsychiatric diseases, to deepen our knowledge and understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 and the nervous system. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Tapinarof cream 1% once daily, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-modulating agent, was significantly more efficacious than vehicle and well tolerated in two 12-week phase 3 trials in adults with mild to severe plaque psoriasis.

Objective: To assess long-term safety, efficacy, remittive effect, durability of response, and tolerability of tapinarof.

Methods: Patients completing the 12-week trials were eligible for 40-weeks' open-label treatment and 4-weeks' follow-up. Read More

Pharmacol Ther 2022 Jun 27:108237. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Atherosclerotic plaques associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), i.e. culprit lesions, frequently feature a ruptured fibrous cap with thrombotic complications. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Radiation Oncology Princess Alexandra Hospital Raymond Terrace, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: The addition of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has the potential to significantly improve outcomes in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. We analysed peripheral blood immune cells of patients receiving combination SABR and ICI to detect the effect of treatment and identify potential biomarkers that predict outcome.

Methods: 24 poly-metastatic melanoma patients participated in the SABR IMPACT trial, receiving standard dose immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy to one site. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 Jun 27:156731. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Crop residue open burning is considered to be one of the main sources of pollutant emissions from rural areas. It is necessary to accurately establish an emissions inventory of specific crops which could reflect the specific spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of crop residue burning emissions. However, the information for emission estimation of specific crop in each province and year is seriously data-deficient, resulting in a large uncertainty in the emissions inventory. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 Jun 27:156971. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Wuhan 430079, China.

Spatial patterns are essential for examining the sustainability derived from land systems. Constructing spatial patterns for sustainable land development is now high on the global agenda to guarantee human welfare. However, there is as yet no consensus on the comprehensive framework for optimizing the spatial pattern of land development (SPLD) contrapose a prominent grain-producing area (PGPA). Read More

Neuropsychologia 2022 Jun 27:108310. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Sensorimotor Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

The human nervous system relies on sensory information from the feet and legs to control the way we balance and walk. However, even in healthy individuals this sensory information is inherently variable and clouded with uncertainty. Researchers have found that the central nervous system (CNS) estimates body position amid the uncertainty of sensory signals in a way consistent with Bayesian inference. Read More

Braz J Infect Dis 2022 Jun 27:102381. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address:

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance in leprosy is an emerging problem, and the quantitative impact of low bacilloscopic indexes (BIs) on the sensitivity of molecular tests is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of gene sequencing for the detection of mutations related to antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium leprae in patients with low BIs using an analytical model.

Methods: Patients with leprosy were included and divided into two groups depending on their BIs (≥ 2+ and < 2+). Read More

Lancet Oncol 2022 Jul;23(7):e321-e333

Spine Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address:

Systemic assessment is a pillar in the neurological, oncological, mechanical, and systemic (NOMS) decision-making framework for the treatment of patients with spinal metastatic disease. Despite this importance, emerging evidence relating systemic considerations to clinical outcomes following surgery for spinal metastatic disease has not been comprehensively summarised. We aimed to conduct a scoping literature review of this broad topic. Read More

Lancet Haematol 2022 Jul;9(7):e514-e522

Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Background: One in two adults undergoing cardiac surgery are iron deficient, best practice guidelines and consensus statements recommend routine investigation and treatment of iron deficiency before elective cardiac surgery, even in the absence of anaemia; however, it is not clear if non-anaemic iron deficiency is associated with worse outcomes in this patient population. We hypothesised that iron deficiency would be associated with worse postoperative outcomes than an iron replete state in adults without anaemia undergoing elective cardiac surgery.

Methods: We performed a prospective, cohort study at two hospitals in Australia. Read More

Lancet Haematol 2022 Jul;9(7):e493-e503

Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Transitional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background: Dysregulation of EZH2 has a crucial role in lymphomagenesis. We did a first-in-human study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity of SHR2554, an oral EZH2 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory mature lymphoid neoplasms, including B-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphomas, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods: This was a multicentre, dose-escalation, dose-expansion, and clinical expansion phase 1 study done at 13 hospitals in China. Read More