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Anaesthesist 2019 Feb;68(2):115-128

Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Deutschland.

The acute phase of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is pathophysiologically characterized by an activation of the immune system and its associated inflammatory response. During the course of CRPS, central nervous symptoms like mechanical hyperalgesia, loss of sensation, and body perception disorders develop. Psychological factors such as pain-related anxiety and traumatic events might have a negative effect on the treatment outcome. Read More

Brain 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Spinal cord lesions detected on MRI hold important diagnostic and prognostic value for multiple sclerosis. Previous attempts to correlate lesion burden with clinical status have had limited success, however, suggesting that lesion location may be a contributor. Our aim was to explore the spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in the cervical spinal cord, with respect to clinical status. Read More

J Spine Surg 2018 Dec;4(4):712-716

Department of Orthopedics, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA.

Background: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the epidemiology and trends in management of patients with central cord syndrome (CCS) who present to the emergency department. Recent literature has reported that surgical treatment for CCS have increased over the previous decades.

Methods: The National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was queried from 2009 through 2012 to generate national estimates of patients who presented to the emergency department in the United States and were diagnosed with CCS. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 10;9:1166. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

To provide a comprehensive review of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), including the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, ancillary investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on the clinical spectrum and diagnostic testing of AAV. AAV is a pauci-immune small-vessel vasculitis characterized by neutrophil-mediated vasculitis and granulomatousis. Read More

Vet Rec 2019 Feb 25;184(6):191. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

A neurological syndrome of small ruminants, known locally as '', has been reported among pastoralist livestock keepers in Tanzania. This study was carried out in four affected pastoral communities to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors, characterise the clinical signs and investigate the aetiology of the syndrome. Questionnaires were administered at all households (n=480) within four study villages. Read More

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2019 16;5. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

1Department of Neurosurgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd., PHC 7, Washington, DC 20007 USA.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of paralysis and permanent morbidity. High cervical spine injuries, in particular, have the potential to be fatal and debilitating due to injury to multiple components, including but not limited to, discoligamentous disruption, vascular insult and spinal cord injury. To date, no unifying algorithm exists making it challenging to guide treatment decisions. Read More

J Mol Histol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.

Peripheral nerves, which consist of an axon and a unique glial cell called a Schwann cell, transduce signals from the brain and spinal cord to target organs. Peripheral nerve degeneration leads to distal motor or sensory disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Gullain-Barré syndrome, with symptoms such as dysesthesia, speech impairment, vision change, erectile dysfunction, and urinary incontinence. Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve degeneration. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2019 Jan 5;9(1):37-40. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

The occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in a single patient is exceedingly rare. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman of East Asian descent with a prior diagnosis of ALS who developed an episode of unexplained hiccups and nausea and vomiting consistent with area postrema syndrome 3 months prior to the onset of acute transverse myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal T2 hyperintensity and gadolinium enhancement at the cervicomedullary junction with extension to C3. Read More

Can Vet J 2019 Jan;60(1):81-88

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.

Horner's syndrome arises from dysfunction of the oculosympathetic pathway and is characterized by miosis, enophthalmos, protrusion of the third eyelid, and ptosis. It has been recognized in a wide variety of breeds and ages in small animal patients. The oculosympathetic pathway is a 3-neuron pathway. Read More

J Neurol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.

Mills' syndrome is an idiopathic, slowly progressive, spastic hemiparesis. We describe three cases that have been under review for a minimum of 11 years (range 11-19). In all patients, symptoms started in a leg, with a mean age of onset of 59 years (range 53-63). Read More

Front Neurol 2018 21;9:1144. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Following a traumatic spinal cord injury, a 53-year-old male developed a central cord syndrome with at-level neuropathic pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a classical "snake eye" appearance myelopathy, with marked hyperintensities at C5-C7. Clinical examination revealed intact pinprick sensation coupled with lost or diminished thermal/heat sensation. Read More

Front Neurosci 2018 12;12:931. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

The bladder is innervated by extrinsic afferents that project into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, providing sensory input to the micturition centers within the central nervous system. Under normal conditions, the continuous activation of these neurons during bladder distension goes mostly unnoticed. However, for patients with chronic urological disorders such as overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), exaggerated bladder sensation and altered bladder function are common debilitating symptoms. Read More

Exp Gerontol 2019 Jan 4;118:31-38. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address:

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between naturally occurring spinal osteoarthritis (OA) (L3-L5), the expression of substance P (SP) centrally (L4-L5) and the presence of neurogenic inflammation within the neurosegmentally linked quadriceps (L2-L5) in elderly rats versus young controls.

Design: Eight aged (27 ± 3.2 months) and six young (4 ± 0. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2018 Dec;30(1):1-18

1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, and.

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event with far-reaching physical, emotional, and economic consequences for patients, families, and society at large. Timely delivery of specialized care has reduced mortality; however, long-term neurological recovery continues to be limited. In recent years, a number of exciting neuroprotective and regenerative strategies have emerged and have come under active investigation in clinical trials, and several more are coming down the translational pipeline. Read More

J Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Jan;36(1):52-59

Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: Distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) is an uncommon syndrome associated with cervical spondylosis. The pathogenic mechanism of distal-type CSA is still unclear. The aim of the current study was to analyze central motor conduction time (CMCT) in the cases with distal-type CSA and to investigate the role of cervical cord compressive injury in the distal-type CSA. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018 Nov-Dec;36(6 Suppl 115):13-27. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Istanbul Universtiy-Cerrahpasa, Turkey.

New epidemiologic studies from Poland, Jordan, Algeria, Taiwan and Korea highlight the geographic differences in incidence, prevalence and clinical features of Behçet's syndrome (BS). A study from Austria comparing clinical manifestations of their BS patients with different countries of origin suggest that environmental factors may be important in the disease phenotype of BS. New genetic association studies dealing with the innate and acquired aspects of BS prevailed during 2017 and novel susceptibility and regulatory factors were described. Read More

J Pain Res 2018 27;11:3025-3030. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Purpose: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS I) is an intractable neuropathic pain syndrome. Chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) model is an animal model of CRPS I which is produced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of the hind limb. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective and potent α2 adrenergic receptor agonist with analgesic and protective effects following an IR injury. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2018 Dec 2;2(4):382-386. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN.

We describe a 51-year-old woman who over 5 years had 9 painful monophasic attacks affecting the brachial plexus before a fascicular plexus biopsy diagnosed large B-cell lymphoma. The initial attacks were responsive to steroids with clinical resolution. At last attack, magnetic resonance imaging showed multifocal T2 hyperintensities and nodular gadolinium enhancement in the right brachial plexus not seen previously. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(49):e13541

Department of Spine Surgery.

Rationale: Nocardial spinal epidural abscess is rare. The diagnosis is often difficult to make and, if delayed, poses a high risk of long-term disability. Nocardial spinal epidural abscess with severe lumbar disc herniation has not previously been reported. Read More

Mol Genet Metab 2019 Feb 13;126(2):117-120. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Background: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is accepted therapy for severe mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS IH). With implementation of newborn screening (NBS) for MPS I in the US, HCT may now occur earlier than 1-2 years of age and it might be assumed that cardiac issues will be fewer. To examine this hypothesis, we reviewed our records for any MPS IH infant who underwent HCT at ≤6 months of age. Read More

Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Service de rééducation neurolocomotrice, EA 7377 BIOTN, laboratoire analyse et restauration du mouvement, université Paris-Est Créteil, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.

This paper revisits the taxonomy of the neurophysiological consequences of a persistent impairment of motor command execution in the classic environment of sensorimotor restriction and muscle hypo-mobilization in short position. Around each joint, the syndrome involves 2 disorders, muscular and neurologic. The muscular disorder is promoted by muscle hypo-mobilization in short position in the context of paresis, in the hours and days after paresis onset: this genetically mediated, evolving myopathy, is called spastic myopathy. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Jan 16;27:350-363. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly involves optic nerves and spinal cord. Since the introduction of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) as a separate entity, there have been many reports on its association with other disorders including systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Here, we reviewed other immune-mediated diseases associated with NMOSD and tried to categorize them. Read More

Int Rev Neurobiol 2018 29;143:109-162. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Nuclear Medicine, "Le Scotte" University Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the main instruments for neuroimaging investigation of patients with chronic ataxia. MRI has a predominant diagnostic role in the single patient, based on the visual detection of three patterns of atrophy, namely, spinal atrophy, cortical cerebellar atrophy and olivopontocerebellar atrophy, which correlate with the aetiologies of inherited or sporadic ataxia. In fact spinal atrophy is observed in Friedreich ataxia, cortical cerebellar atrophy in Ataxia Telangectasia, gluten ataxia and Sporadic Adult Onset Ataxia and olivopontocerebellar atrophy in Multiple System Atrophy cerebellar type. Read More

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018 13;4:102. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203 Uttarakhand India.

Introduction: In India, the incidence of penetrating spine injury (PSI) is increasing because of the increased use of advanced ballistics (missile PSI) among military personnel and sophisticated tools and construction instruments like nail-guns or drills (non-missile PSI) among civilians. These injuries are associated with a risk of neurological damage, central nervous system infections, vascular injury, dural tear followed by CSF leakage, and spinal instability.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male presented with a non-missile PSI with retained iron nail bisecting his dorsal spinal cord, without any motor deficits. Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018 Nov 8;4(1):43. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. This disorder is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, immune-mediated disease that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In most patients, reversible episodes of neurological dysfunction lasting several days or weeks characterize the initial stages of the disease (that is, clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting MS). Read More

Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019 Jan;31(1):32-39

Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose Of Review: Neurological involvement in Behçet's syndrome is defined as 'the occurrence of neurological symptoms and signs in a patient who meets the International Diagnostic Criteria for BS not otherwise explained by any other known systemic or neurological disease or treatment, and in whom objective abnormalities consistent with neuro-Behçet's syndrome (NBS) are detected either on neurological examination, neuroimaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and/or on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination'. Given that the neurological involvement of Behçet's syndrome carries a poor prognosis, we aimed to describe the differential diagnosis of NBS and highlight the different radiological patterns together with the treatment options.

Recent Findings: Two distinct MRI patterns of spinal cord involvement in Behçet's syndrome according to T2-weighted axial images were described: 'Bagel Sign' pattern: a central lesion with hypointense core and hyperintense rim with or without contrast enhancement; and 'Motor Neuron' pattern: a symmetric involvement of the anterior horn cells. Read More

Cureus 2018 Aug 24;10(8):e3202. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Neurology, Bay Pines VA, Bay Pines, USA.

We report a case of a 61-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with rapidly progressive symmetric ascending weakness with areflexia. The weakness was quickly followed by respiratory decompensation requiring intubation. Lumbar puncture yielded cerebrospinal fluid with elevated protein (177 mg/dL), normal glucose (61 mg/dL), normal red blood cell count (0 per/µl), and normal white blood cell count (0 per/µL). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Oct 24;2018. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Medicine (Neurology), School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Acute bacterial meningitis is not an uncommon central nervous system infection. In severe cases, it can be associated with various neurological or systemic complications. However, acute spinal cord dysfunction rarely occurs. Read More

Clin Spine Surg 2018 Dec;31(10):407-412

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Central cord syndrome (CCS) represents a clinical phenomenon characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment of the upper than of the lower extremities, bladder dysfunction. CSS is the most common form of incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury. The initial description of CSS was reported in 1887 secondary to cervical spinal trauma. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2018 Oct 22:1-4. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

b Department of Neurology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA.

Context: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The central nervous system, skin and hematopoietic system are the most commonly affected sites. We report a case of IVLBCL presenting as a combined conus medullaris-cauda equina syndrome. Read More

Eur Spine J 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.

Purpose: To revisit the concept of spondylotic traumatic central cord syndrome (TCCS) by assessing the frequency of discoligamentous injury and to correlate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative findings.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of twenty-three consecutive patients (mean age: 62.7 ± 14. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2018 Oct 13;5(4):83-85. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

We report the case of a patient with a spinal extradural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated with Cowden syndrome (CS) that was successfully treated by endovascular surgery. CS is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with diverse symptoms caused by a deleterious mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog () gene. A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with CS based on her medical history of multiple cancers for which she underwent abdominal surgery, macrocephaly, Lhermitte-Duclos disease, and facial papules. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 27;9:807. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is the most common vascular malformation of the spine in adults. However, the coincidence of tethered cord syndrome, lipoma, and SDAVF on the sacral level is exceptionally rare. We describe two patients, probably the fifth and sixth ever reported. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Oct 9;18(1):168. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Wei fang Medical University, No 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China.

Background: Besides CSF-flow obstruction, syringomyelia is associated with inflammatory spinal cord lesions. However, syringomyelia-like syndrome concomitant with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is extremely rare. Here, we would like to report a case of a patient with syringomyelia-like syndrome in NMOSD complicated with Sjogren's Syndrome. Read More

J Hand Surg Am 2018 Sep 25. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Injury to the central nervous system can create upper extremity deformities and dysfunction, typically caused by a cerebrovascular accident, traumatic brain injury, anoxic brain injury, or spinal cord injury. Regardless of the etiology, disruption of inhibitory upper motor neuron (UMN) pathways can lead to a constellation of symptoms such as muscle weakness, decreased motor control, hyperexcitable tendon reflexes, muscle spasticity, and agonist-antagonist cocontraction that characterizes a condition known as UMN syndrome. The magnitude of neurorecovery varies among patients who have sustained brain injuries and can be classified as having a functional or nonfunctional upper extremity based on the presence or absence of volitional motor control at a specific joint, respectively. Read More

Spinal Cord 2019 Jan 27;57(1):41-48. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, VIC, Australia.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Objectives: Pneumonia is the dominant complication following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and profoundly impacts morbidity by prolonging length of stay and worsening neurological outcome. The aims of this study were to determine the key predictors of clinically important pneumonia (CIP); and to examine the impact of CIP on resource utilisation in critically ill acute traumatic SCI individuals between 2010 and 2015. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018 Nov 21;174:185-186. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States. Electronic address:

This is a 24 year old man with profound chronic hydrocephalus found to have a cauda equina abscess composed of Candida albicans. Prior literature reveals a paucity of central nervous system candidiasis. In these previously reported cases, there was evidence of local invasion of surrounding structures; however, this case is a sentinel report of a fungal abscess without evidence of local structural invasion. Read More

Neuromodulation 2019 Feb 24;22(2):127-148. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Objective: The physiological mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are only partially understood. Our aim was to perform a literature review of studies that used objective measures to characterize mechanisms of action of SCS in neuropathic pain patients.

Materials And Methods: We searched the PubMed data base to identify clinical studies that used objective measures to assess the effects of SCS in neuropathic pain. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 01;38(1):16-21

From the Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention.

Background: Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a respiratory virus within the genus Enterovirus and the family of Picornaviridae. Genetically, it is closely related to rhinovirus that replicates in the respiratory tract and causes respiratory disease. Since 2014, EV-D68 has been associated with the neurologic syndrome of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Read More

J Pain Res 2018 4;11:1729-1741. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea,

Background: To date, there has been no study on the effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) rodent models, despite the anti-allodynic effect of IL-10 in previous studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-10 in a CRPS mouse model and find whether early inhibition of neuro-inflammation by IL-10 administration, which is considered to be one of the important mechanisms in the generation of central sensitization, could prevent the transition from the acute stage to the chronic stage of CRPS.

Method: A mouse model of CRPS (n=6/group) involving tibia fracture/cast immobilization to test the efficacy of intrathecal IL-10 (0. Read More

Nervenarzt 2018 Oct;89(10):1095-1105

Institut für klinische Neuroimmunologie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). They may cause inflammation in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve. Both conditions must be differentiated from CNS manifestations of other systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, autoinflammtory diseases and sarcoidosis, since amongst others myelitis and optic nerve inflammation may also occur in these conditions. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 28;9:174. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, KAT General Hospital of Attica, Kifisia 145 61, Greece.

Background: Cavernomas are benign malformations of the vasculature. In the central nervous system, they are mostly located supratentorially. However, in adults, cavernomas also comprise about 3% of all subdural spinal cord tumors. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2018;78 Suppl 2:75-81

Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:

Demyelinating diseases are a group of conditions of autoimmune etiology directed against the myelin of the central nervous system. In many cases, the onset of the illness is preceded by a nonspecific viral infection. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that evolves with relapses and remissions with polyfocal neurological deficits, being the most frequent optic neuritis, transverse myelitis and encephalic trunk involvement. Read More

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2018 Sep;41(9):718-723

Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine(China Rehabilitation Research Center), Beijing 100068, China.

To report the use of implantable diaphragm pacer (IDP) in a patient with high cervical spinal cord injury(HCSCI). A 14-year-old male patient, who suffered from a HCSCI at C2 neurological level and had been on a ventilator for 2 years, received IDP in August 2017 at China Rehabilitation Research Center. A systematic literature review was performed on IDP in patients with HCSCI in Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, using the keywords: phrenic nerve and electrical stimulation and spinal cord injury; IDP and spinal cord injury; breathing pacemaker system and spinal cord injury. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Sep 18;16(3):2712-2716. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Neurology, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy with an acute onset. GBS is associated with posterior cranial nerve injury including the facial, oculomotor, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. A 43-year-old female presented with worsening blurred binocular vision accompanied by diplopia, bilateral ptosis, speech difficulties, dysphagia, extremity numbness and weakness of the limbs. Read More

Neurologist 2018 Sep;23(5):152-154

Division of Critical Care Neurology.

Introduction: Elsberg syndrome (ES) is a rarely recognized cause of cauda equina syndrome and lower thoracic myelitis, mainly linked to reactivation, or occasionally primary, infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with ES.

Case Report: A 63-year-old man with pancreatic cancer in remission and polymyalgia rheumatica on low-dose prednisone presented with a 10-day history of low-back pain and a viral-type illness with low-grade fever, nausea, and vomiting. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2018 Oct 29;119:41-53. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Hunter Pain Clinic, 91 Chatham Street, Broadmeadow, NSW 2292, Australia.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) has defied a clear unified pathological explanation to date. Not surprisingly, treatments for the condition are limited in number, efficacy and their ability to enact a cure. Whilst many observations have been made of physiological abnormalities, how these explain the condition and who does and doesn't develop CRPS remains unclear. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2019 Jan 16;40(1):9-15. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Service de médecine interne, CHU de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes, France. Electronic address:

Aim: To describe the clinical features and etiologies of upper limb venous thrombosis (ULVT).

Methods: All patients with a clinically suspected ULVT, were included retrospectively from January to December 2016. Diagnosis of ULVT was based on doppler-ultrasonography. Read More

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018 10;4:75. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

3Radiology Department, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK.

Introduction: Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SLE) is an abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated fat. The association of chronic steroid therapy is described as well as obesity and Cushing's syndrome. SLE has a range of neurological presentations such as back pain, myelopathy, and cauda equina syndrome. Read More