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Case Rep Ophthalmol 2022 Jan-Apr;13(1):265-269. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Hematic pseudocysts are fibrous, nonepithelial lined capsules containing blood byproducts that typically present remotely following orbital fracture hardware implantation. Trauma, implant migration, and tissue erosion are believed to cause hemorrhage to pool within the capsular space. Risk factors include inadequate posterior fracture reduction and use of nonporous material which prevents fibrovascular ingrowth and stabilization. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

A 62-year-old man presented with diffuse, painless, left-sided preseptal edema, erythema, and woody induration extending to the left temple. The induration generated an orbital compartment syndrome with markedly elevated intraocular pressure necessitating lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. Although atypical for an infectious etiology, empiric broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics were initiated with no improvement. Read More

Orbit 2022 Jun 13:1-6. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Purpose: Bacterial orbital cellulitis (OC) and diffuse non-specific orbital inflammation (DNSOI) may be challenging to differentiate clinically. This study investigates the utility of systemic inflammatory markers, namely white cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in differentiating between OC and DNSOI.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective study of patients diagnosed with OC or DNSOI, between 2003 to 2021, who had WCC and/or CRP obtained at presentation. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol 2022 Jan-Apr;13(1):210-214. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Faculty, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

A 72-year-old male patient was referred to our outpatient clinic with a painful left eye protrusion accompanied by marked conjunctival chemosis and external ophthalmoplegia being progressed despite topical and oral antibiotic therapy. He developed ocular symptoms 9 days after receiving his second SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (VeroCell). Of note, in previous history, 2 weeks after the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, he also developed a life-threatening laryngeal oedema treated at an emergency care unit. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021 Jul-Sep;35(3):261-262. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Orbital cellulitis in children rarely occurs secondary to smoking water pipe. A 3-year-old girl who presented with fever, eyelid swelling, pain, and proptosis of the left eye for 4 days after water pipe consumption. The patient was given the usual course of antibiotics for a few days along with subperiosteal abscess drainage however no improvement was noticed for a week. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021 Jul-Sep;35(3):239-243. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of pediatric related orbital cellulitis after the routine administration of the vaccine in Saudi Arabia and to identify the most common pathogens, predisposing factors, related complications, and the need for surgical intervention.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with a discharge diagnosis of orbital cellulitis who presented to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi children born between 2000 and 2016 were included. Read More

Otolaryngol Case Rep 2022 Sep 6;24:100439. Epub 2022 May 6.

Otolaryngology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Background: The diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is based on detecting viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx. Millions of nasopharyngeal swab tests are currently performed daily worldwide; complications of the procedure are uncommon, but occasionally they occur.

Case Report: We describe the case of a 79-year-old man who developed right orbital cellulitis after a nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2. Read More

J Pediatr 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To evaluate risk factors associated with surgical intervention and subperiosteal/orbital abscess in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Study Design: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of children 2 months to 18 years hospitalized with periorbital or orbital cellulitis from 2009 to 2018 at 10 hospitals in Canada. Clinical details were extracted, and patients were categorized as undergoing surgical or medical-only management. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2022 Jan-Mar;66(1):97-100

Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

We present the case of a 35-year-old female patient, pregnant in her third trimester, with no ophthalmologic history of interest and a medical history of IgA deficiency syndrome with bronchiectasis as the only symptomatology, who came to another center with clinical symptoms of ocular discomfort. She was initially diagnosed with anterior uveitis and treated with topical and periocular corticosteroids. Edema and palpebral erythema appeared a few days later and she was diagnosed with idiopathic orbital inflammation and was treated with intravenous (I. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2022 May 18;9(5):ofac143. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Lemierre's syndrome (LS) is a rare and potentially fatal condition that predominantly affects young adults with oropharyngeal infection. is the usual etiology and classically causes internal jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis, frequently complicated by septic emboli to several organs (most classically to the lungs). Lemierre-like syndrome (LLS) describes the same constellation of symptoms and pathophysiology as Lemierre's syndrome; however, spp. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the initial diagnosis in the case of fungal infections of the orbit and identify factors that may influence patient outcomes.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted across 2 large academic centres to identify cases of fungal infections involving the orbit from January 1, 1998, to November 15, 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, past medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, treatment, imaging, and outcomes. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022 May;58(5):380-382

Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.

A 65-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital due to proptosis of the left eye accompanied with ophthalmodynia and toothache for two months. Ophthalmic examination revealed a palpable mass around the lateral orbit and temporal fossa, and maxillofacial CT suggested a malignant tumor invading the left orbital floor wall. One week later, the patient was diagnosed with left orbital cellulitis and septic shock due to peri-orbit redness, eyelid edema, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and a marked increase in peripheral blood neutrophil count. Read More

Ophthalmology 2022 Apr 30. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Purpose: To evaluate presenting features, tumor size, and treatment methods for risk of metastatic death due to advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB).

Design: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 1841 patients with advanced RB. Read More

Allergy Rhinol (Providence) 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21526575221097311. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Background: Surgery is often avoided in the setting of pediatric orbital complications from acute sinusitis unless necessitated by alarming ophthalmological signs. Criteria for surgical intervention are not well-defined.

Objective: We aim to review our experiences, management practices and patient outcomes over a ten-year period for Chandler III patients. Read More

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022 Apr;48(2):117-121

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, India.

Infantile osteomyelitis is a rare disease that is infective in nature and may rapidly turn fatal, as the disease is often misdiagnosed due to its varied presenting signs. Early diagnosis may help in avoiding systemic involvement and permanent deformity. The disease presents with signs of orbital involvement, nasal congestion, and emesis, as well as other standard hallmarks of infection. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2022 Jul 27;181(7):2741-2746. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Pediatric Emergency Department, Wilf Children's Hospital, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Shmuel Bait Street, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel.

Intraorbital infections may lead to severe complications, necessitating rapid diagnosis and intervention. The decision process regarding the need for emergent imaging and possible surgical intervention is unclear in the literature. This retrospective cohort study included two major pediatric emergency departments in Israel between 2010 and 2020. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022 Apr 26:99228221093858. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022 May;11(5):214-220

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: The epidemiology of orbital cellulitis likely has evolved due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. In the absence of published guidelines, management is highly variable. We characterized epidemiology and management over an 11-year period. Read More

J AAPOS 2022 Apr 15. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California. Electronic address:

A total of 167 cases (0.111%) of infectious complications (endophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, preseptal cellulitis, and postoperative infection) were identified in patients after strabismus surgery. The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was approximately 1 per 13,700 strabismus surgeries (0. Read More

Ophthalmology 2022 Apr 15. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Purpose: To determine the value of clinical features for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma as defined by the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cT3 category and AJCC Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) Size Groups to predict the high-risk pathologic features.

Design: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series.

Participants: Eighteen ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents shared evaluations of 942 eyes enucleated as primary treatment for AJCC cT3 and, for comparison, cT2 retinoblastoma. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.

Orbital imaging plays a pivotal role in each hospital with an Ophthalmological Emergency Department. Unenhanced orbital computed tomography (CT) usually represents the first-line tool for the assessment of nontraumatic orbital emergencies, thanks to its quick execution, wide availability, high resolution, and availability of multiplanar reformats/reconstructions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool that allows characterization and a better understanding of the anatomical involvement of different disorders due to its excellent contrast resolution and ability to study the visual pathways, even if, unfortunately, it is not always available in the emergency setting. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2022 06 23;42(2):272-277. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Ophthalmology (DLL, BKC, EDG), Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology (EKT), Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology (MYL), Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Optometry (JEK), Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology (NJF), Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Ophthalmology (DRL), Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (DRL), Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Neuro-Immunology (BKC), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology (EDG), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Picower Institute for Learning and Memory (EDG), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Abstract: A 75-year-old man presented with 3 days of progressive left retro-orbital pain, eyelid swelling, tearing, and pain with extraocular movement. His medical history was significant for type II diabetes mellitus and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, stable on no therapy since diagnosis 8 years prior. The initial examination was significant for diffuse restriction of left ocular motility, marked lid edema, and mild dyschromatopsia. Read More

Ir Med J 2022 02 17;115(2):544. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

ENT Department Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.

Presentation We present the case of a 48-year-old man with nasal cellulitis and subsequent oro-naso-sino-orbital-cutaneous fistula from prolonged cocaine use. Diagnosis Initial laboratory investigations reported a raised white cell count (WBC) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and subsequently a positive atypical anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) and positive anti-proteinase (PR3). Perihilar lung nodularity on chest imaging raised the possibility of a systemic autoimmune response. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2022 Mar-Apr 01;33(2):e133-e135

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract: We report a rare case of orbital metastasis that originated from gastric carcinoma, which presented as orbital cellulitis with ptosis. Orbital metastasis accounts for about only 1% to 13% of orbital tumors. Orbital metastasis in orbital soft tissue or bony structures is very uncommon. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Apr 4:11206721221085210. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, 117947Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining, Shandong, China.

Introduction: This report described a rare case of corneal perforation secondary to orbital cellulitis caused by infection. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases of infection have been reported. This case report suggested that infection was contagious and potentially life threatening. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 22;14(2):e22478. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS.

Trauma to the periorbital region is common in children. Foreign bodies in traumatic cases may be missed where history, examination, and investigation are inadequate. Here, we report the case of a four-year-old boy who presented with a small forehead scar and left upper lid swelling two months post-trauma. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2022 Mar 31:1455613221086028. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 12847Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Bisphosphonates are used for the treatment of bone metastases of cancer and prevention of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has unclear mechanisms, but its elucidation, prevention, and treatment are essential to improve patient outcomes.An 88-year-old woman who was taking oral bisphosphonates for 4 years presented with a 5-day history of gradual orbital pain. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2022 Feb 23;8(1):1-8. Epub 2021 Nov 23.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, often resulting in painless vision loss. We report a case of necrotic uveal melanoma presenting with orbital inflammation mimicking orbital cellulitis and present a comprehensive review of the literature and tabulation of reported cases.

Summary: Our review found 44 published reports of spontaneously necrotic uveal melanoma involving 55 patients. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Mar 29;15(3). Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Department of Microbiology, NHS Forth Valley, Larbert, UK

A man in his twenties with a history of recurrent sinusitis was urgently referred to the emergency department (ED) by an out-of-hours general practitioner following a 2-day history of increasing right eye pain, redness and swelling after a week of coryzal symptoms. He denied visual impairment and any history of recent dental pain or procedures. Initial assessment in ED noted fever, tachycardia and hypotension. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 16;14(2):e22288. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Oculoplastics, Texas Eye Plastics, Dallas, USA.

Sebaceous cell carcinoma is an uncommonly encountered cutaneous malignancy. Often considered a great masquerader, sebaceous cell carcinoma arises from meibomian glands and can have a poor prognosis if not diagnosed early. In this case report, we present a patient with sebaceous cell carcinoma who presented to our emergency department with a clinical presentation that was concerning for orbital cellulitis. Read More