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Eur J Endocrinol 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

J Leger, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hopital Universitaire Robert-Debre, Paris, France.

Objective Turner Syndrome is associated with several phenotypic conditions associated with a higher risk of subsequent comorbidity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of congenital malformations and the occurrence of age-related comorbid conditions, and to determine whether the frequencies of congenital and acquired conditions depend on X-chromosome gene dosage, as a function of karyotype subgroup. Design and Methods This national retrospective observational cohort study includes 1501 patients. Read More

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

e Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DiBiMIS) , University of Palermo , Italy.

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten exposure in genetically predisposed subjects. Areas covered: Infectious disease is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in CD patients. Invasive streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a particularly dangerous morbid condition in both the general population and celiac patients. Read More

Nutrients 2019 Apr 4;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences and Celiac Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply a questionnaire to the Brazilian non-celiac gluten sensitive (NCGS) population. We also aimed to estimate the prevalence of symptoms which affect Brazilian NCGS. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the NCGS questionnaire was developed according to revised international guidelines. Read More

Z Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

BAG Wenzel/Spelter/Mallach, Wuppertal, Germany.

When first described in 1976, primary bile acid diarrhea (BAD Type 1) was regarded as a very rare cause of chronic diarrhea. Today, the incidence is estimated as > 1 %. Availability of diagnostic tools varies widely and, in Germany, there is no generally consented recommendation for their use. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 May;38(5):539-541

From the Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University.

Background: Rotavirus (RV) infection has been proposed to trigger type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease (CD) by molecular mimicry in genetically susceptible children. If so, a live attenuated oral RV vaccine could also trigger these autoimmune diseases, or else, prevent the effect of wild-type RV infection.

Methods: In Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial, conducted between 2001 and 2003, the participant children received RotaTeq (Kenilworth, NJ) vaccine or placebo in 1:1 ratio. Read More

Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019 Apr 15:1-40. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey.

Olmesartan Medoxomil (OM) is a hydrophobic antihypertensive drug with low bioavailability (26%) and is known to have adverse effects such as celiac disease and enteropathy. The purpose of this study was to develop SMEDDS to increase bioavailability and decrease potential side effects of OM. Hydrophilic lipophilic balance was calculated by testing solubility of OM in different oils, surfactants and cosurfactants to obtain the most suitable combination of SMEDDS. Read More

Pediatr Diabetes 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA.

Aim: The primary aim of the current study was to determine if it is cost effective to use HLA typing as a first line screening test for celiac disease (CD) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), as recommended by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). The second aim was to investigate whether anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (anti-tTGA) antibodies can be used to diagnose CD without the need for a confirmatory duodenal biopsy in T1D.

Methods: Data for all T1D patients aged < 18 years, who attended the diabetes clinics in Western Australia up to June 2017, were extracted from the Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database (WACDD) and analyzed for their demographic data and CD permissive HLA alleles (DQ2, DQ8 and DQ7). Read More

J Pathol Inform 2019 8;10. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.

Context: Celiac disease (CD) prevalence and diagnosis have increased substantially in recent years. The current gold standard for CD confirmation is visual examination of duodenal mucosal biopsies. An accurate computer-aided biopsy analysis system using deep learning can help pathologists diagnose CD more efficiently. Read More

Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Abu El Reesh Children's Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Summary: Celiac disease is an enteropathy induced by ingestion of gluten triggering an immune response in genetically predisposed individuals. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that have a role as regulators of gene expression at the post transcriptional level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric patients with celiac disease. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2019 Mar;109(Supplement_7):838S-851S

Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA.

Background: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and US Department of Health and Human Services initiated an evidence review on diet and health in these populations.

Objective: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relationships of never versus ever feeding human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding, and feeding a lower versus a higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team (formerly called the Nutrition Evidence Library) conducted systematic reviews with external experts. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.

In celiac disease (CD), an intolerance to dietary gluten/gliadin, antigenic gliadin peptides trigger an HLA-DQ2/DQ8-restricted adaptive Th1 immune response. Epithelial stress, induced by other non-antigenic gliadin peptides, is required for gliadin to become fully immunogenic. We found that cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) acts as membrane receptor for gliadin-derived peptide P31-43, as it binds to CFTR and impairs its channel function. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Division of Gastroenterology, Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.

Background & Aims: Guidelines advise measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with a diagnosis of celiac disease. The lumbar spine (LS) and hip sites are usually measured. Although skeletal sites rich in trabecular bone are believed to be vulnerable to osteoporosis in patients with celiac disease, most studies have not measured the cortical distal 1/3-radius. Read More

Gastroenterology 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Translation Medical Science, Section of Pediatric, and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Background & Aims: Potential celiac disease is characterized by positive results from serologic tests for tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-TG2) but normal duodenal architecture (Marsh stages 0-1). There is controversy over the best way to manage these patients. We investigated risk factors associated with the development of villous atrophy in children with potential celiac disease. Read More

Am J Reprod Immunol 2019 Apr 12:e13127. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Fertility Associates of Memphis, 80Humphreys Center #307, Memphis, TN, 38120, USA.

Problem: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal inflammatory disease triggered by gluten in the diet. Untreated CD has been associated with pregnancy loss and infertility. The purpose of this study was to screen unselected women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) for markers of CD to determine if a correlation exists between RPL and CD serum markers. Read More

Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 3;4. Epub 2019 Feb 3.

Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Extended surgery with arterial resection in pancreatic cancer remains a controversial topic. Although not recommended as a standard procedure, arterial resection may be feasible in selected patients and with the availability of new multimodal treatment approaches it may gain increasing impact in pancreatic cancer therapy as a complete tumor removal is still the only opportunity to achieve long-term survival for this disease. With regard to the surgical approach, one must differentiate between resection and reconstruction of the celiac axis and the hepatic artery as its most important branch, and resection/reconstruction of the superior mesenteric artery. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 11;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Campus, Glasgow, UK.

A 22-year-old woman presented to her local district hospital with left-sided abdominal pain. She denied any urinary or gastrointestinal symptoms. She had a CT scan of her abdomen which showed a probable 8×5×8 cm left-sided adrenal mass. Read More

Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2019 28;15:38-43. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

University of Pisa ,Pisa, Italy.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to measure the lifetime prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among women of an Italian community sample, the comorbidity of PTSD with mood and anxiety disorders and the burden attributable to PTSD in worsening the Quality of Life (QoL).

Methods: Community survey on a sample of 1961 adult women randomly selected. Tools: psychiatric clinical interview ANTAS partially derived from the SCID-DSM-IV, administered by psychologists or medical doctors; Short Form Health Survey (SF-12); Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 26;10:470. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of microbial transglutaminase (mTG) on the immunoreactivity of wheat and gluten-free cereals flours to the sera of patients with celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Both doughs and sourdoughs, the latter prepared by a two-step fermentation with and , were studied. In order to evaluate the IgG-binding capacity toward the proteins of the studied flours, total protein as well as protein fractions enriched in albumins/globulins, prolamins and glutelins, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Read More

Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background/aim: Delay in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with complications. Our aim was to describe the pattern and risk factors associated with delay in the diagnosis of IBD in Saudi children.

Patients And Methods: This was a multicenter study with a retrospective/prospective design. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 Apr 9:e688. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas.

Background: We examined the association between the maternal genotype for celiac disease-associated variants and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).

Methods: We conducted a case-control study, using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We evaluated 667 cases (women with an offspring with NTD) and 743 controls (women with an offspring without a birth defect). Read More

Curr Med Chem 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228. China.

Gluten triggers celiac disease (CD) and type I diabetes in genetically predisposed population of human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8+ and associates with disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Application of a strict gluten-free diet is the only well-established treatment for patients with CD, whereas the treatment for patients with celiac type I diabetes may be depend on the timing and frequency of the diet. The application of a gluten-free diet in patients with CD may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may also lead to a high glycemic index, low fiber diet and micronutrient deficiencies. Read More

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background And Objectives: The association between gut dysbiosis, high intestinal permeability, and endotoxemia-mediated inflammation is well established in CKD. However, changes in the circulating microbiome in patients with CKD have not been studied. In this pilot study, we compare the blood microbiome profile between patients with CKD and healthy controls using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 5;24(7). Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.

The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can inform about the metabolic condition of the body. In the small intestine of untreated persons with celiac disease (CD), chronic inflammation can occur, leading to nutritional deficiencies, and consequently to functional impairments of the whole body. Metabolomic studies showed differences in the profile of VOCs in biological fluids of patients with CD in comparison to healthy persons; however, there is scarce quantitative and nutritional intervention information. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Electronic address:

Georgian Med News 2019 Feb(287):78-82

Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Department of Therapy, Rheumatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ukraine.

The elderly patients problem is comorbidity - concurrent presence of different diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are one of the most common diseases worldwide that in a considerable percentage of cases occur together. The aim of our study was to investigate features of endothelial dysfunction in old people with CAD and concomitant GERD. Read More

J Med Internet Res 2019 Apr 8;21(4):e13082. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Microsoft Research, Herzeliya, Israel.

Background: Celiac disease, a common immune-based disease triggered by gluten, has diverse clinical manifestations, and the relative distribution of symptoms leading to diagnosis has not been well characterized in the population.

Objective: This study aimed to use search engine data to identify a set of symptoms and conditions that would identify individuals at elevated likelihood of a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis. We also measured the relative prominence of these search terms before versus after a search related to celiac disease. Read More

Nutr Res 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Electronic address:

The strict nature of a gluten-free diet (GFD) poses a challenge for patient adherence and for clinicians to provide comprehensive client-centered care. Evidence on the relationship between nutrition knowledge, food skills, dietary management, and adherence can guide healthcare professionals counseling patients following this diet. In this explanatory pilot study, a province-wide survey (phase I) with 68 community-dwelling Nova Scotians following a GFD was conducted to investigate relationships between personal, social, and health care factors and dietary adherence using a mixed-methods approach. Read More

J Clin Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Gastroenterology Department, Buenos Aires British Hospital Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Clin Liver Dis 2019 May 1;23(2):167-176. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address:

Celiac disease is a multisystem disorder. Celiac hepatitis characterized by gluten-responsive mild elevation of transaminases is the more common liver manifestation of celiac disease. Celiac disease may also be associated or coexist with other chronic liver disorders. Read More

Rofo 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Institut für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Switzerland.

Aim:  Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory, non-infectious arteriopathy in middle-aged patients that tends to affect medium-sized splanchnic arteries typically leading to dissecting aneurysms which in case of rupture have a high mortality. Treatment options include watchful waiting and endovascular or surgical intervention. There are no official treatment guidelines and to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any report of extensive exclusion of multiple splanchnic vessel regions in affected patients to date. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2019 Mar 14;163. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

LUMC, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Leiden.

Background: Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a diagnosis that is increasingly being reported. Psychiatric symptoms can be a rare but serious manifestation of this new clinical entity.

Case Report: A 13-year-old girl consulted the paediatrician with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bloating, and compulsive thoughts and fears; these disappeared on a gluten-free diet. Read More

Turk J Gastroenterol 2019 Apr;30(4):321-325

Department of Gastroenterology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.

Background/aims: Celiac disease is an autoimmune, familial disease that results in susceptibility to gluten in cereal and cereal products in genetically susceptible individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 in patients with celiac disease, their first-degree relatives, and healthy community.

Materials And Methods: HLA-DQ2/DQ8 analysis was performed in adult patients with celiac disease >18 years old (94 patients), their first-degree relatives (89 people), and healthy group (102 individuals). Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019 28;2019:2030751. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Celiac Center, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, University of Salerno, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy.

The motivation or ability to experience pleasure has been scarcely studied in celiac disease (CeD). We aimed to investigate the hedonistic feelings/anhedonia and sexual pleasure in CeD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) compared to controls. We recruited adult CeD patients at follow-up consecutively visited from April 2017 to April 2018 and controls from the hospital staff and friends of CeD patients. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Oxaliplatin (OXP) can change tumor microenvironment from immune-suppressive toward the immune-favorable condition. Almost all of the antitumor agents cannot totally cure cancer as monotherapy. So the current focus of cancer research became combining therapy using different treatment regimen, especially chemotherapy with checkpoint blockers. Read More

J AOAC Int 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

CER Groupe, Rue du point du Jour, 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium.

Celiac disease, a complex, long-term autoimmune disorder and gluten intolerance, is estimated to affect from 1 to 5% of the world's population. As a consequence, to protect gluten-sensitive consumers, the development of reliable analytical methods allowing the detection of gluten in various food products is needed. Currently, ELISA is probably the most widespread used methodology. Read More

J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019 Mar 27;44(3):1-9. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer).

Background: Approximately one-third of people with schizophrenia have elevated levels of anti-gliadin antibodies of the immunoglobulin G type (AGA IgG) — a higher rate than seen in healthy controls. We performed the first double-blind clinical trial of gluten-free versus gluten-containing diets in a subset of patients with schizophrenia who were positive for AGA IgG.

Methods: In this pilot feasibility study, 16 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had elevated AGA IgG (≥ 20 U) but were negative for celiac disease were admitted to an inpatient unit for a 5-week trial. Read More

Nutrients 2019 Mar 27;11(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00143 Rome, Italy.

Patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) do not have celiac disease, but their symptoms improve after a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, to date, it is uncertain if gluten or other components of wheat are responsible for these symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an organic durum wheat variety with those of standard commercial wheat in patients with known NCGS. Read More

J Immunol 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;

We have reported that the major histocompatibility molecule HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05:01/DQB1*02:01) (DQ2) is relatively resistant to HLA-DM (DM), a peptide exchange catalyst for MHC class II. In this study, we analyzed the role of DQ2/DM interaction in the generation of DQ2-restricted gliadin epitopes, relevant to celiac disease, or DQ2-restricted viral epitopes, relevant to host defense. We used paired human APC, differing in DM expression (DM versus DM) or differing by expression of wild-type DQ2, versus a DM-susceptible, DQ2 point mutant DQ2α+53G. Read More

Dig Liver Dis 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: Assess the risk of hospitalizations for bacterial pneumonia or pneumococcal infections, in a cohort of young individuals with celiac disease (CD) compared to matched references.

Study Design: The cohort consists of 213,635 individuals, born in 1989-2012 and resident in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). Through pathology reports, hospital discharge records or co-payment exemptions, we identified 1294 CD patients and 6470 reference individuals matched by gender and birth year. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Objective: The coexistence of celiac disease (CeD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in pediatric patients has been increasingly recognized. In the current study, we have aimed to assess the outcomes of therapeutic dietary interventions in a cohort of pediatric patients with CeD and EoE.

Methods: Pediatric patient records obtained from the University of Chicago Celiac Center Database from August 2008 to July 2013 were reviewed. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Introduction: Adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is the mainstay of therapy for celiac disease. Until now, those wishing to avoid gluten in restaurants had to rely on menu labels, word of mouth, intuition, and restaurant workers' advice, with a relative dearth of supporting data. We used crowd-sourced data from users of a portable gluten detection device to estimate rates of, and identify risk factors for, gluten contamination of supposed GF restaurant foods. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019 Apr;49(8):1112

Celiac Disease Research Centre, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

World J Gastroenterol 2019 Mar;25(11):1409-1420

Research Institutes, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires 1050, Argentina.

Background: Life-long removal of gluten from the diet is currently the only way to manage celiac disease (CeD). Until now, no objective test has proven useful to objectively detect ingested gluten in clinical practice. Recently, tests that determine consumption of gluten by assessing excretion of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool and urine have been developed. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 27;19(1):45. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. Anna Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Cona, Italy.

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare neoplasm, which can occur in a sporadic form or can be associated with a number of predisposing conditions such as hereditary syndromes and immune-mediated intestinal disorders, e.g. celiac disease (CD). Read More

Front Pediatr 2019 12;7:63. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for inflammasome components and have been associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. On the other hand several studies suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to maintenance of gastrointestinal immune homeostasis and that activation of NLRP3 is regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22). polymorphism was implicated in the risk for various autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D) but not for celiac disease (CD). Read More

J Pept Sci 2019 Mar 25:e3161. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Translational Medical Science (section of Pediatrics) and ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.

Inflammation of intestinal tissue in patients affected by celiac disease (CD) originates from the adaptive and innate immune responses elicited by the undigested gliadin fragments through molecular mechanisms not yet completely described. Undigested A-gliadin peptide P31-43 is central to CD pathogenesis, entering enterocytes in vesicular compartments by endocytosis and inducing an innate immune response in CD intestinal mucosa. This study focused on the reasons why P31-43 does not behave as adaptive immunogenic agent. Read More

Nat Med 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Combining HLA-DQ-gluten tetramers with mass cytometry and RNA sequencing analysis, we find that gluten-specific CD4 T cells in the blood and intestines of patients with celiac disease display a surprisingly rare phenotype. Cells with this phenotype are also elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a way to characterize CD4 T cells specific for disease-driving antigens in multiple autoimmune conditions. Read More

Molecules 2019 Mar 22;24(6). Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

The prevalence of wheat allergy has reached significant levels in many countries. Therefore, wheat is a major global food safety and public health issue. Animal models serve as critical tools to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of wheat allergenicity to develop preventive and control methods. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA.

Objective: To identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presenting to a tertiary care center specialized for evaluation of gluten-related disorders.

Methods: The medical records of all patients aged 0-18 years who presented to our center over a 4-year period (July 2013-June 2018) and consented to participate in our research registry were reviewed. Patients meeting the clinical criteria for NCGS were reviewed in detail. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 8;10:420. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.

Immune-mediated diseases, such as celiac disease, type 1 diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases that share many key genetic triggers. Although the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the development of immune mediated disorders is not totally understood, high-throughput genomic studies, such as GWAS and Immunochip, performed in the past few years have provided intriguing hints about underlying mechanisms and pathways that lead to disease. More than a hundred gene variants associated with disease susceptibility have been identified through such studies, but the progress toward understanding the underlying mechanisms has been slow. Read More