Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Neurology, Izmir Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.

Following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, a previously healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman (18-week pregnancy) was admitted to our emergency department. She experienced lethargy, forgetfulness and persecutory hallucinations the day before hospitalization. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed moderate pleocytosis, and abdominal ultrasonography did not detect neoplasia. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2019 Feb 19;19(1):73. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical pharmacology and toxicology division, Acute Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: Rebound cholinergic syndrome is a rare, but well known unwanted phenomenon occurring after abrupt clozapine discontinuation. There have been previous reported cases of cholinergic rebound in the literature; however, these reports described cholinergic rebound following cessation of high doses of clozapine in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Here, we report a case of rebound cholinergic syndrome and catatonia in a male patient three days after abrupt discontinuation of 50 mg of clozapine prescribed for type I bipolar affective disorder. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019 Feb 18;17(1). Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5044, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA.

Background: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, an autoimmune disease associated with antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is being diagnosed more frequently, especially in children and young adults. Acute neurological and psychiatric manifestations are the common presenting symptoms. Diagnosing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is often challenging given the wide range of clinical presentation, and may be further complicated by its overlap of symptoms, brain MRI changes, and CSF findings with other entities affecting the brain. Read More

Stress 2019 Feb 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

b Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department O, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital ,  Copenhagen , Denmark.

In this review it is discussed if acute stress can be fatal. The review is based on literature searches on PubMed, PsycINFO as well as Web of Science. Literature concerning the conditions excited delirium syndrome (ExDS), malignant catatonia, takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), and capture myopathy (CM) is reviewed and compared. Read More

Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Early immunotherapy administration improves outcomes in patients with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-antibody encephalitis. As most patients with NMDAR-antibody encephalitis present to psychiatrists, the psychopathology of NMDAR-antibody encephalitis needs to be clearly defined to encourage accurate clinical identification and prompt treatment.

Methods: For this systematic review, we searched PubMed for all studies published in English between Jan 1, 2005, and Oct 7, 2017, to identify individually reported adult patients (≥18 years) who satisfied consensus criteria for definite NMDAR-antibody encephalitis. Read More

Clin Neuropharmacol 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.

Objective: Catatonia is a distinct psychomotor syndrome that involves a constellation of up to 40 different symptoms. Although conventionally responsive to benzodiazepines, the catatonic syndrome is much more resistant to benzodiazepine treatment when a feature of schizophrenia.

Method: We present a patient with schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms, marginally responsive to lorazepam challenge, lorazepam, and olanzapine monotherapy, but ultimately began combination treatment with these 2 medications. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 26;5(6):000855. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Consultant in Internal Medicine - Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, most commonly presenting with sicca symptoms-xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Up to one-half of affected individuals also develop extra-glandular involvement. Early diagnosis is important to prevent further complications. Read More

Schizophr Bull 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Catatonia is a central aspect of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and most likely associated with abnormalities in affective, motor, and sensorimotor brain regions. However, contributions of different cortical features to the pathophysiology of catatonia in SSD are poorly understood. Here, T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data at 3 T were obtained from 56 right-handed patients with SSD. Read More

Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek 2018 Jun;24(2):57-64

Department of Inectious Diseases, 3rd Medical faculty, Charles University, Prague, Hospital na Bulovce, Czech Republic, e-mail:

We present a case of a 17-year-old female with anti-NMDAR encephalitis probably associated with vaccination against yellow fever. Her symptoms occurred 27 days after vaccination against yellow fever. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis manifested as acute psychosis, memory loss and catatonia following fever with complex partial epileptic seizures. Read More

Semin Neurol 2019 Feb 11;39(1):125-136. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.

Many acute and potentially life-threatening medical conditions have hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders as their hallmark. Here we review the clinical phenomenology, and diagnostic principles of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant catatonia, serotonin syndrome, Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia, acute parkinsonism, acute chorea-ballism, drug-induced dystonia, and status dystonicus. In the absence of definitive lab tests and imaging, only a high index of clinical suspicion, awareness of at-risk populations, and variations in clinical presentation can help with diagnosis. Read More

J ECT 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Psychiatry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience The University of Chicago Chicago, IL.

Brain Sci 2019 Feb 2;9(2). Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Psychiatry, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Norman, OK 73071, USA.

Catatonia is often a presentation of extreme anxiety and depression. Missing the diagnosis of catatonia would lead to improper treatment, which could be life-threatening. A thorough physical and psychiatric assessment is required for detecting the catatonic symptoms, especially, mutism and negativism in patients with depression. Read More

IBRO Rep 2019 Jun 14;6:40-44. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive debilitative neurodegenerative disease characterised mostly with bradykinesia, tremor, catatonia, drooping posture, unsteady gate and unstable steps. Levodopa has been proven to be among the most effective and acceptable treatment that can reconstitute dopamine in Parkinson's disease. However, there is a relation between levodopa long term administration and dyskinesia. Read More

World J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 4;9(1):1-6. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6009, Australia.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is among the oldest and most controversial treatments in the field of psychiatry, has its 80 birthday this year. In this brief historical overview, the discovery of the therapeutic effects of convulsive therapy by Laszló Meduna, and the circumstances that motivated Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini to use electricity as a means of seizure induction are described. Meduna's original theory about the antagonism between epilepsy and schizophrenia has been replaced by hypotheses on the mechanism of action of ECT. Read More

Psychogeriatrics 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.

Nervenarzt 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland.

In the history of psychiatry a variety of "blood detoxification" procedures have repeatedly been used to treat schizophrenic disorders under the assumption of autointoxication. In the 1970s this led to the use of dialysis. In addition to the historical classification of this therapeutic approach, particularly the protagonists active in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as well as the dimension of research and science policy are highlighted. Read More

Fed Regist 2018 12;83(246):66103-24

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final order to reclassify the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) device for use in treating catatonia or a severe major depressive episode (MDE) associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BPD) in patients age 13 years and older who are treatment-resistant or who require a rapid response due to the severity of their psychiatric or medical condition, which is a preamendments class III device, into class II (special controls). FDA is also issuing this final order to require the filing of a premarket approval application (PMA) or a notice of completion of a product development protocol (PDP) for the preamendments class III ECT devices for all other uses that are not being reclassified to class II (product code GXC). Read More

Psychosomatics 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 14;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Internal Medicine, University of Miami/JFK Medical Center Palm Beach Regional GME Consortium, Atlantis, Florida, USA.

A 50-year-old man with multiple psychiatric comorbidities including major depressive disorder and general anxiety disorder presented to the emergency room (ER) with altered mental status, immobility and mutism. The patient was unresponsive to commands and unable to provide any history. In the ER he was given a provisional diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 16;10(10):e3460. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Psychiatry, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare idiopathic cerebrovascular disease most common among the Asian population. Studies have shown that patients with MMD are at increased risk for developing psychiatric complications. We present a patient with hemorrhagic MMD (RNF213 gene mutation) who developed depression and catatonia over time following MMD-related strokes. Read More

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018 Dec 18:appineuropsych18010005. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

From the Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sarkis); the Menninger Clinic and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. (Coffey); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago (Cooper); the British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program and Vancouver General Hospital Epilepsy Program, University of British Columbia (Hassan); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Lennox).

Objective:: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms. Given the nature of its pathophysiology, psychiatrists tend to be one of the first clinicians encountering patients with the disease.

Methods:: In the present review of patients described in the literature with psychiatric symptoms, the authors aimed to characterize the psychiatric symptoms of the disease and its management in adults and adolescents as well as children (≤12 years old). Read More

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2018 Dec 13;20(6). Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Behavioral Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Dev Med Child Neurol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Down syndrome disintegrative disorder (DSDD) is an increasingly identified condition characterized by cognitive decline, autistic characteristics, insomnia, catatonia, and psychosis in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Previously we reported a higher rate of autoimmune thyroid disease in these patients compared with unaffected individuals with Down syndrome. We therefore hypothesized DSDD may in some cases be immune-mediated. Read More

J Med Vasc 2018 Dec 1;43(6):371-374. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Service de médecine vasculaire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Site Sud, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.

Catatonia is defined as a psychiatric syndrome. This syndrome is strongly associated with venous thromboembolism. As a difficult diagnosis in these patients, psychiatrists and vascular physicians should be aware of this association. Read More

Brain Stimul 2019 Mar - Apr;12(2):329-334. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Metro South Addiction and Mental Health, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis most commonly presents with psychiatric symptoms such as behavioural disturbance, catatonia and psychosis. Although the primary treatment is with immunomodulatory therapy, psychiatric symptoms often require adjuvant management. Side effects and treatment resistance limits the use of psychotropics, but the role of ECT has been minimally reviewed. Read More

Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019 Jan 2;139(1):46-55. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Objective: To review the treatment courses of 22 autistic patients diagnosed with catatonia over a 12-year period, including treatment with benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy.

Method: Retrospective review of inpatient and outpatient records of 22 autistic youth presenting to a neurobehavioral service who were treated for catatonia.

Results: Six girls and 16 boys ranging from ages 8 to 26 years old presenting for neurobehavioral assessment were found to meet criteria for catatonia according to the DSM5 and were treated for such. Read More

World J Biol Psychiatry 2018 Dec 4:1-14. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

e Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany.

Objectives: Despite intensive research, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders continue to be theoretical constructs that describe clinical syndromes and no pathophysiologically defined diseases. Moreover, there are no clear biomarkers at hand. Therefore, these diagnoses are still set up based on clinical ICD-10/DSM-5 criteria and the exclusion of alcohol-/drug-associated, systemic or other brain organic causes. Read More

Lancet 2018 10;392(10157):1507-1508

CNS Drugs 2019 Jan;33(1):47-60

Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background: Purified cannabidiol is a new antiepileptic drug that has recently been approved for use in patients with Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes, but most published studies have not extended beyond 12-16 weeks.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of cannabidiol in children with epilepsy.

Methods: Patients aged 1-17 years with refractory epilepsy were enrolled in an open-label prospective study through individual patient and expanded access programs between April 2013 and December 2014. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2018 ;157:663-675

Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States. Electronic address:

The clinical manifestation of drug-induced abnormalities in thermoregulation occurs across a variety of drug mechanisms. The aim of this chapter is to review two of the most common drug-induced hyperthermic states, serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies will be discussed, in addition to differentiating between these two syndromes and differentiating them from other hyperthermic or febrile syndromes. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Jan 16;59:185-189. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. Electronic address:

We aimed to study the proportion of patients with movement disorders in seropositive autoimmune encephalitis of non-neoplastic aetiology and also to describe the spectrum of movement disorders in them. We prospectively screened 362 patients of age >12 years with encephalitis of unknown aetiology for a panel of antibodies for autoimmune encephalitis. Demographic and clinical characteristics with focus on the movement disorders were recorded. Read More

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2018 Nov 1;20(6). Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2018 Nov 15;2(4):369-370. Epub 2018 Aug 15.

The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Acute Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018 Nov 14;28(9):663-666. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.

Ind Psychiatry J 2018 Jan-Jun;27(1):151-153

Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Little is known about the entity of delirious mania, apart from a few reports. Delirious mania, though a potentially lethal condition, has not found a place in the current classification system. We discuss the approach to the identification and management of delirious mania in a female patient presenting with catatonic and delirious features, with a past history of recurrent mood episodes. Read More

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019 8;31(1):89-91. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago (MM); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago (JJC).

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 2;109:174-180. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia.

The objective of the study was to investigate the association between catatonia in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the levels of hair and serum trace elements and minerals in children with ASD. The levels of hair and serum trace elements and minerals of boys suffering from ASD with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) catatonia, as well as 30 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls were assessed using ICP-MS. Hair calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) levels were lower in ASD patients as compared to the controls. Read More

J Addict Med 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (AMJvE, AF, JGEJ, AFAS); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (BSH, RAJE); and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (SCAS).

Introduction: Catatonia is a syndrome that can present in different forms and can occur in multiple psychiatric and somatic conditions. This case report describes lethal catatonia caused by delayed toxic leukoencephalopathy after excessive use of cocaine and methadone. The characteristic radiographic imaging and biphasic course are discussed. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019 Jan 31;28(1):91-100. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.

Electroconvulsive therapy is an established treatment for symptoms of psychosis and is currently recommended for use in patients who are experiencing an acute exacerbation of positive symptoms or who have had catatonia. There is also evidence to suggest that electroconvulsive therapy can be a safe, effective treatment in first episode psychosis, such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders, particularly in treatment-resistant patients. Other forms of neuromodulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation) have less of an evidence base to support their use and are not formally indicated for the treatment of psychosis. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019 Jan 24;28(1):79-89. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Village at Vanderbilt, Suite 2200, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. Electronic address:

Despite the majority of patients with anti-N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis presenting with catatonic symptoms, the literature has not focused on well-known treatments for catatonia, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors review the literature identifying case reports that document the effective use of ECT for anti-NMDAR encephalitis. They also identify gaps in the literature regarding use and documentation of ECT and review possible mechanisms of action for ECT. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019 Jan 18;28(1):121-125. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.

This case provides support for electroconvulsive therapy as a safe treatment in adolescents with a feeding tube. The patient presented to our hospital with symptoms of catatonia with minimal oral intake. She had stopped eating, had minimal interaction with her environment, and spent weeks with a nasogastric tube for nutritional support. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019 Jan 29;28(1):111-120. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06114, USA.

Catatonia may be more common in children and adolescents than previously thought. A boost for the recognition of pediatric catatonia comes from changes in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, facilitating the diagnosis in a wide range of pediatric and adult patients with associated developmental and autistic spectrum disorders; and schizophrenic, affective, and medical disorders. The current status, assessment, and treatment of pediatric catatonia are described. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019 Jan 28;28(1):101-110. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. Electronic address:

Catatonia has been increasingly recognized in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Assessment, diagnosis, and treatments are reviewed and illustrated with 2 new case vignettes. The use of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is recommended in patients who fail to respond to medical treatments, including a trial of lorazepam or another benzodiazepine. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Nov;142(5)

Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatriques et Schizophrénie à Début Précoce, Hôpital Fontan and

Catatonia is a rare, underdiagnosed syndrome in children. We report the case of a 4-year-old child admitted for recent social withdrawal alternating with psychomotor excitement, verbigeration, and a loss of toilet readiness. He had a history of neonatal seizures, had been stabilized with vigabatrin, and was seizure free without treatment for several months. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2018 Oct 29;18(1):350. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department Of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Catatonia is frequently associated with mood and psychotic disorders as well as with general medical conditions, especially with seizures. In the case of the latter, catatonia mostly resolves when the seizures respond to the anticonvulsive treatment. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of a patient without affective or psychotic disorder, who developed catatonia in the postictum and whose catatonia did not resolve with anticonvulsive treatment, but did so with lorazepam. Read More

AAPS J 2018 Oct 22;20(6):110. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Drug Development and Analysis Lab., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Ghatikia, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751029, India.

Identification of renin-angiotensin system in the interplay of hypertension and neurodegeneration has paved the way for the repurposing of antihypertensive drugs against Parkinsonism. Losartan carboxylic acid (LCA), the potent AT1 blocker metabolite of losartan, suffers from poor bioavailability and brain access. Since ascorbate transporters have earlier shown enough flexibility as carriers, we have conjugated losartan carboxylic acid to ascorbic acid with the aim of achieving higher oral/brain availability. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2018 Oct 19;18(1):342. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.

Background: Patients with psychiatric disorders in critical condition are difficult to treat. In this study, we report on a patient with underlying schizoaffective disorder who developed catatonia, cardiac arrest, and pulmonary embolism, as well as a successful treatment strategy.

Case Presentation: The inpatient is a 41-year-old morbidly obese male with schizoaffective disorder whose clozapine dosage was titrated from 100 mg to 175 mg due to auditory hallucination and agitation. Read More

Rev Colomb Psiquiatr 2018 Oct - Dec;47(4):244-251. Epub 2017 Jun 17.

Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Francia.

Some diseases secondary to inborn errors of metabolism are associated with psychiatric disorders or minor neurological symptoms. The existence of some cases with exclusively psychiatric symptoms represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this article is to describe seven treatable neurometabolic disorders that should be taken into account in the psychiatric consultation as they manifest with psychiatric symptoms that mask the organic origin of the disorder. Read More