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Microorganisms 2020 Jun 26;8(6). Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inflammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However, the role of the oral microbiome in CRS is not well understood. Polymicrobial and anaerobic infections of CRS frequently increased the difficulty of cultured and antibiotic therapy. Read More

IDCases 2020 29;21:e00845. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, USA.

We illustrate the progression of infective endocarditis in a patient with a bioprosthetic mitral valve and decompensated heart failure secondary to an obstructive septic vegetation. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2020 May 13;7(5):ofaa127. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Maladies Infectieuses et Reanimation Médicale, Inserm CIC 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.

Background: Increased access to heart valves through early surgery and progress in molecular microbiology have reduced the proportion of infective endocarditis (IE) with no microbiological documentation and increased the proportion of IE associated with unusual microorganisms.

Methods: We performed an ancillary study of a large prospective population-based survey on IE. Unusual-microorganism IE was defined as definite IE (Duke-Li criteria) due to microorganisms other than streptococci, staphylococci, or enterococci. Read More

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020 May;70(5):3167-3178

Department of Biology, Université de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

The (HACEK) group genus contained a single species, for many years. In November 2019, was described after recovery from a brain abscess and blood culture in Norway. Coincidentally, characterization of 22 Gram-negative bacteria resembling from 17 Canadian patients had been underway. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2020 Mar 26;6(3):243-246. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

J Infect Chemother 2020 May 23;26(5):510-512. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Eikenella corrodens is a facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rod bacterium in the oropharynx and respiratory tract. It is a member of HACEK (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp. Read More

Case Rep Cardiol 2019 4;2019:5907319. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

State University of New York Upstate University Hospital, USA.

Gram-positive cocci species, notably , , and account for 80 to 90% of infective endocarditis cases. HACEK microorganisms ( spp., , , , and ) account for approximately 3% of cases and species account for 1-2% of cases. Read More

Microorganisms 2019 Dec 1;7(12). Epub 2019 Dec 1.

Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease of the oral mucosa, and it has been recently associated with bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. To study this link further, we investigated microbial shifts during RAS manifestation at an ulcer site, in its surroundings, and at an unaffected site, compared with healed mucosa in RAS patients and healthy controls. We sampled microbes from five distinct sites in the oral cavity. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2019 11 21;19(1):255. Epub 2019 Nov 21.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Background: The relationship between oral microbiota and IE (infective endocarditis) is well established. Opportunistic pathogens in normal oral flora enter the bloodstream through daily oral cleaning or invasive dental procedures, leading to the occurrence of infective endocarditis. An in vitro iron-deficient condition leads to a drastic community shift in oral microbiota with increasing proportions of taxa related to infective endocarditis. Read More

Cureus 2019 Sep 12;11(9):e5632. Epub 2019 Sep 12.

Internal Medicine, Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, PAK.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a condition characterized by the infection of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium can include a heart valve or mural endocardium. IE has several known pathogens, including Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, and HACEK organisms (i. Read More

Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2019 Oct;77(5):549-556

Laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie-hygiène-parasitologie-mycologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU de Reims, France.

Cardiobacterium hominis est un bacille à Gram négatif responsable d'endocardites infectieuses, principalement chez les patients atteints de pathologies cardiaques ou porteurs de valves. L'identification de cette bactérie est souvent complexe et peut être la cause d'un diagnostic et d'une prise en charge tardifs, source de complications cardiaques. Cet article présente la prise en charge d'une endocardite infectieuse associée à un sepsis à Cardiobacterium hominis, les difficultés d'identification de cette bactérie, ainsi qu'une revue de la littérature sur les infections dues à cette bactérie. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2019 20;6:203. Epub 2019 Sep 20.

Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Diagnosis of culture-negative infective endocarditis usually implies indirect pathogen identification by serologic or molecular techniques. Clinical metagenomics, relying on next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging approach that allows pathogen identification in challenging situations, as evidenced by a clinical case. We sequenced the DNA extracted from the surgically-removed frozen valve tissue from a patient with suspected infective endocarditis with negative blood and valve cultures. Read More

Intern Med 2020 01 3;59(1):151. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan.

Intern Med 2020 01 3;59(1):149. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Division of General Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan.

J Oral Microbiol 2019 24;11(1):1608141. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

This study aimed to demonstrate subgingival microbial changes associated with development, prevention, and treatment of experimental gingivitis using chlorhexidine (CHX) and -acetylcysteine (NAC) mouthwashes. This randomized clinical trial comprised two parts: a 3-week prevention sub-study in which 30 study subjects were equally assigned to either mouthwash or placebo while developing experimental gingivitis; followed by a 2-week treatment sub-study in which 20 subjects with experimental gingivitis were assigned to either mouthwash. Subgingival samples were collected at the beginning and end of each sub-study for microbial profiling with gene sequencing. Read More

J Card Surg 2019 Oct 27;34(10):1100-1102. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Cardiac Surgery, Hospital GU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

We report a case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with infective endocarditis (IE), in two conduits percutaneously delivered in the right ventricle outflow tract ("double-barrel endocarditis"). The patient's clinical presentation, echocardiogram findings, infectious agent, clinical management, surgical approach, and follow-up assessment are described. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation has emerged as a viable therapy for conduit dysfunction in the right ventricular outflow tract. Read More

IDCases 2019 17;17:e00561. Epub 2019 May 17.

Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W Wellington Ave., Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.

is a rare cause of infective endocarditis that was first described in 1940 by Khairat et al. and is now classified under the HACEK group of bacteria ( spp. spp. Read More

Acta Odontol Scand 2019 Oct 16;77(7):502-507. Epub 2019 May 16.

Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.

The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were collected from the rubber dam of 27 patients during endodontic treatment performed by postgraduate students at the Department of Endodontics, University of Oslo. A bacterial sample was first obtained immediately after disinfection of the working field (A), and the second sample was collected just before obturation or dressing with calcium hydroxide cement (B). Read More

JAMA 2019 May;321(18):1769-1770

Philadelphia FIGHT Community Health Centers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

J Infect Chemother 2019 Aug 28;25(8):626-629. Epub 2019 Apr 28.

Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: While it has been increasing cases of C. hominis endocarditis in the past decades due to advances of diagnostic methods, the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of IE caused by C. hominis is still unknown. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Apr;98(15):e15014

Service de Cardiologie Médicale, CHU de Nancy Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy presumed to result from an infection-triggered autoimmune reaction.

Patient Concerns: This paper describes a 53-year-old man admitted to hospital for deterioration of his general condition.

Diagnosis: He developed GBS, confirmed by lumbar puncture and electromyogram, which recovered after intravenous immunoglobulins. Read More

Intern Med 2019 May 10;58(9):1361-1365. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Emergency Medicine, Hino Municipal Hospital, Japan.

Acute infectious endocarditis (IE) is a complex disease that presents as a serious clinical condition associated with a high mortality rate, especially due to intracranial hemorrhaging (ICH). The most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. We herein report a patient with ICH following subacute IE with a positive blood culture for Cardiobacterium hominis. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018 Jan-Dec;6:2324709618807504. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

In this article, we report the case of a 75-year-old man who was presented with new low back pain for 2 weeks. His past history was significant for severe aortic stenosis necessitating bioprosthetic aortic valve placement 4 years ago, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. His physical examination was positive for point tenderness over the lower lumbar spine. Read More

BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018 10 19;18(1):195. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.

Background: Infective endocarditis due to Escherichia coli is a rare disease but is increasing in frequency, especially among older women. In addition, its mortality rate is higher than that of endocarditis due to the HACEK-group gram-negative bacteria (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Nov 25;76:120-125. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical features of a population sample of 17 patients with HACEK infective endocarditis (HACEK-IE) and to compare them with matched control patients with IE caused by viridans group streptococci (VGS-IE).

Methods: Cases of definite (n=14, 82.2%) and possible (n=3, 17. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2019 04;30(2):487-489

Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Microbiome 2018 04 24;6(1):59. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Background: Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can lead to local oral disease and potentially to cancers of the head, neck, and digestive tract. However, little is known regarding exogenous factors contributing to such microbial imbalance.

Results: We examined the impact of alcohol consumption on the oral microbiome in a cross-sectional study of 1044 US adults. Read More

IDCases 2018 6;11:77-79. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph's Health, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to is rare and recommended therapy includes a third generation cephalosporin. We report a case of endocarditis post transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with significant beta-lactam antimicrobial sensitivities who was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin monotherapy in conjunction with surgery. Read More

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018 Mar 22;17(1):11. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.

Background: Cardiobacterium is a fastidious Gram-negative bacillus, and is a rare human pathogen in clinical settings. Herein, we describe a case of Cardiobacterium valvarum (C. valvarum) endocarditis with a rare complication of cerebral hemorrhage after mitral valve replacement (MVR), tricuspid valve prosthesis (TVP) and vegetation removal operation. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Mar 1;68:83-87. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objectives: Bacteria with common microbiological and clinical characteristics are often recognized as a particular group. The acronym HACEK stands for five fastidious genera associated with infective endocarditis (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella). Data on the epidemiology of HACEK are sparse. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018 05;26(5):885-887

Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.

We report 2 cases of Kingella kingae endocarditis leading to valvular mitral perforation in previously healthy children. Kingella kingae belongs to the HACEK (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actiobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and K. kingae) group of organisms known to cause endocarditis. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2017 Dec;72(12):522-528

Service des Maladies infectieuses et Immunologie, Médecine interne générale, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

We present the case of an acute endocarditis of mitral and aortic prosthetic heart valves caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (Haemophilus aphrophilus-paraphrophilus). This third report in the literature emphasizes the diagnostic work-up and the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in this setting. The specificities of endocarditis due to the HACEK group (Haemophilus spp. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2018 01;66(1):104-111

Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Abiotrophia (ABI) and Granulicatella (GRA) species is poorly studied. This work aims to describe and compare the main features of ABI and GRA IE.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 12 IE institutional cases of GRA or ABI and of 64 cases published in the literature (overall, 38 ABI and 38 GRA IE cases). Read More

PLoS One 2017 21;12(9):e0184899. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.

Little is known about physiological factors that affect the sense of olfaction in dogs. The objectives of this study were to describe the canine nasal and oral microbiota in detection dogs. We sought to determine the bacterial composition of the nasal and oral microbiota of a diverse population of detection canines. Read More

Vnitr Lek Fall 2017;63(7-8):472-474

The practices based on microbe cultivation are the corner stone of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases etiology. However, cultivation-independent molecular methods for microorganism detection are increasingly being used in a routine clinical setting as an important complement to the conventional procedures and, in some cases, they have already become the golden diagnostic standard. The PCR-based methods are used the most frequently. Read More

Oral Dis 2017 Oct 24;23(7):926-940. Epub 2017 May 24.

Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Objective: To profile salivary microbiomes of an urban-living, healthy Indian cohort and explore associations with proinflammatory status.

Methods: Fifty-one clinically healthy Indian subjects' salivary microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Community distribution was compared with salivary data from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2017 07 18;149(2):91-92. Epub 2017 Mar 18.

Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.

Rev Chilena Infectol 2016 Dec;33(6):691-695

Nefrología, Instituto de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.

The case of a male patient under hemodialytic therapy, who developed right heart failure is presented. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, constrictive pattem in the right cavities, septation, without valvular damage and preserved systolic and diastolic function. Pericardial drainage and extensive pericardiectomy was performed obtaining cultures of pericardial tissue positive for an HACEK group organism, Cardiobacterium hominis, with repeatedly negative blood cultures. Read More

Conn Med 2017 Feb;81(2):99-101

Cardiobacterium hominis is an uncommon cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and often presents insidiously. In comparison, prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a rare, but life-threatening condition that commonly occurs due to inadequate anticoagulation. Anticoagulation is relatively contraindicated in patients with endocarditis as it may prove to be lethal due to increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Read More

Open Microbiol J 2016 30;10:183-187. Epub 2016 Nov 30.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.

Introduction: and are well known, though rare, etiologic agents of infective endocarditis. Cardiac devices are increasingly implanted.

Case Reports: Two cases of infective episodes in pacemaker (PM) treated patients with respectively and are presented. Read More

J Clin Med Res 2017 Jan 24;9(1):71-73. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

Intensive Therapy Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University Hospital, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.

, which belongs to the HACEK (, , , , and ) group, is a rare cause of subacute endocarditis and may lead to ischemic stroke. A 65-year-old female patient previously diagnosed with rheumatic valve disease was submitted to surgical mitral valve repair in 1996. Physical examination did not reveal any murmurs; physical examination of the lungs and abdomen was normal. Read More

Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2016 Dec;74(6):693-696

Service de bactériologie-hygiène, Pôle biologie, CHU Rennes, France, Équipe microbiologie, UPRES-EA 1254, IFR GFAS 140, Université européenne de Bretagne, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France, Département de bactériologie, Pôle biologie, CHRU Brest, Brest, France.

Infectious endocarditis due to Cardiobacterium hominis is an uncommon event, accounting for less than 2% of all cases of infectious endocarditis. The infection of the tricuspid valve as it is reported here is extremely rare. We report the case of a tricuspid endocarditis due to Cardiobacterium hominis in a 56 year-old man who was admitted to hospital with pelvic and scapular pain. Read More

Genome Announc 2016 Sep 22;4(5). Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Laboratory Department, Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland

Cardiobacterium hominis is a well-known commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and an agent of infective endocarditis in humans. Here, we provide a draft genome sequence of a pathogenic strain isolated from blood cultures of a patient with infectious endocarditis. Read More

R I Med J (2013) 2016 Jul 1;99(7):24-6. Epub 2016 Jul 1.

Clinical Instructor in Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

The HACEK group of organisms are one of the infrequent causes of infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis should be recognized and treated promptly to prevent excessive morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Sometimes the diagnosis is delayed due to vague and subtle presentation. Read More

Conn Med 2016 May;80(5):297-300

A 43-year-old male with a history of bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty presented with vertigo and was found to have an acute infarct in the left superior cerebellum, as well as a left-middle cerebral artery mycotic aneurysm. Blood cultures grew Cardiobacterium hominis and bioprosthetic aortic valve vegetation was found on transthoracic echocardiogram. Read More

S Afr Med J 2016 Feb;106(2):145-50

Although infective endocarditis (IE) is relatively uncommon, it remains an important clinical entity with a high in-hospital and 1-year mortality. It is most commonly caused by viridans streptococci. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a malignant course of IE and often requires early surgery to eradicate. Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016 06 17;14(6):539-45. Epub 2016 May 17.

b Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine , American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon.

Introduction: The HACEK group, referring to Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). It causes the majority of Gram-negative endocarditis cases and has an excellent prognosis and simple management if properly identified. Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016 28;14(5):523-30. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

a Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit , Pontchaillou University Hospital , Rennes , France.

The HACEK group of bacteria - Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacter spp. (A. actinomycetemcomitans, A. Read More

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016 May 27;24(4):309-15. Epub 2016 Feb 27.

Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Background: Timing of surgery in the management of infective endocarditis is controversial, and there is still no definite conclusion on how early the surgery should be performed. This study focuses on the outcomes of surgery during the active period of infective endocarditis in consideration of the duration after diagnosis.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients with active native valve infective endocarditis who underwent surgery from January 2006 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

PLoS One 2015 7;10(12):e0143603. Epub 2015 Dec 7.

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Poor oral health has been linked with an increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated whether alteration of oral microbiota is associated with ESCC risk. Fasting saliva samples were collected from 87 incident and histopathologicallly diagnosed ESCC cases, 63 subjects with dysplasia and 85 healthy controls. Read More