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Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and*Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.

Purpose: Well-differentiated neuroendocrine or carcinoid tumors are found most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. When metastatic to the orbit, they tend to have a propensity for the extraocular muscles. The purpose of this study was to better understand the diversity in presentation of orbital carcinoid disease and to determine predictors for survival. Read More

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: The combined small-cell lung cancer (c-SCLC) is rare and has unique clinicopathological futures. The aim of this study is to investigate F-FDG PET/CT parameters and clinicopathological factors that influence the prognosis of c-SCLC.

Methods: Between November 2005 and October 2014, surgical-resected tumor samples from c-SCLC patients who received preoperative F-FDG PET/CT examination were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 May 29;71:319-322. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. Electronic address:

Introduction: The prognosis of atypical pulmonary carcinoid with liver metastases is extremely poor, and patients with multiple liver metastases are often treated using non-surgical therapies. We report a case with multiple liver metastases from atypical pulmonary carcinoid that was successfully treated using two-stage hepatectomy combined with embolization of portal vein branches.

Presentation Of Case: A 48-year-old man was referred to our department after multiple liver tumors were detected in both liver lobes on computed tomography. Read More

Ann Thorac Med 2020 Apr-Jun;15(2):98-101. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.

Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are sporadic mesenchymal neoplasms that typically arise from visceral or parietal pleura. While accounting for <5% of all pleural tumors, SFTs are known to occur in nearly all bodily organs, including nasopharynx, bladder, prostate, soft tissue of neck, buttocks, extremities, and abdominal wall. Such tumors have been previously designated localized fibrous mesothelioma or pleural fibroma. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 May 26;12(6). Epub 2020 May 26.

Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are the most common tumor of the appendix and have an excellent prognosis. Appendiceal tumors diagnosed between 1989 and 2019 were reviewed, and clinical data were collected from patient files. Part of the series was immuno-profiled for markers related to cell cycle proliferation and/or senescence-type, apoptotic, and metastatic potential. Read More

Curr Radiopharm 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Ospedale San Giovanni e Paolo, ULSS 3 Veneziana, Venezia. Italy.

Background: Lung cancer is the neoplasm with the highest prevalence and mortality rates in the world. Most patients with lung cancer that are symptomatic have hemoptysis, coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain and persistent infections. Less than 10% of patients are asymptomatic when the tumor is detected as an incidental finding. Read More

Scand J Immunol 2020 May 20. Epub 2020 May 20.

Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) is a low-grade, rare lung cancer of neuroendocrine origin. Currently, there is very little information available about the immune cell composition in TC tumors. Here, we analyzed by flow cytometry resected tumors from four never-smoker female patients with TC. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2020 Jul 17;8(5):e00585. Epub 2020 May 17.

Complex Operative Unit of Pathology Monaldi Hospital Naples Italy.

We describe a patient with incidental endobronchial synchronous hamartoma and typical carcinoid with different management strategy. Read More

World J Gastrointest Surg 2020 Apr;12(4):159-170

Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology at The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.

Background: Although surgical resection is associated with the best long-term outcomes for neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM), the current indications for and outcomes of surgery for NELM from a population perspective are not well understood.

Aim: To determine the current indications for and outcomes of liver resection (LR) for NELM using a population-based cohort.

Methods: A retrospective review of the 2014-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and targeted hepatectomy databases was performed to identify patients who underwent LR for NELM. Read More

Oncologist 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Gastroenterology, King's Health Partners Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre, Institute of Liver Studies, and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020 May;47(5):839-842

Dept. of Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital.

A 67-year-old man presented with abdominal distention and vomiting.Computed tomography revealed bowel obstruction due to a cecal tumor.We performed laparoscopic ileocecal resection after decompression with an ileus tube. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2020 Jun 1;100(3):635-648. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Section of General, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, CS-G6, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:

Incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is increasing, including those of the gastroenteropancreatic tract. A proper understanding of the management of this disease has become necessary for the general surgeon. This article addresses current guidelines for diagnosis and localization of NETs, including somatostatin receptor PET. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2020 May 9. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-8550, USA.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are classified into low-grade neuroendocrine tumors and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). There are significant differences in therapeutic strategies of the different NEN subtypes, and therefore, precise classification of pulmonary NENs is critical. However, challenges in pulmonary NEN classification include overlap of diagnostic histological features among the subtypes and reduced or negative expression of neuroendocrine markers in poorly differentiated pulmonary NECs. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020 Jan;47(1):126-128

Dept. of Digestive Surgery, Kohsei Chuo General Hospital.

The patient was a 26-year-old female who had undergone conservative treatment for acute appendicitis at another clinic and was referred to our hospital for interval appendectomy. We performed a single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy, and the patient was diagnosed with goblet cell carcinoid(GCC)based on the postoperative pathological examination. Since GCC is considered a high-grade tumor, we performed a laparoscopic ileocolic resection with D3 lymphadenectomy. Read More

Cureus 2020 Mar 31;12(3):e7487. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Internal Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, USA.

Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB-NEN) are very rare neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). GB-NEN can present as carcinoid or typical/atypical carcinoid or small cell carcinoma. Most of the GB-NENs present as gall bladder polyps or stones with right upper quadrant pain, nausea and non-specific symptoms which leads to clinical misdiagnosis. Read More

Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020 Apr 30;21(6):50. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Gastrointestinal Oncology, Intermountain Healthcare, 5171 S. Cottonwood Street, Bldg. 1. Ste. 610, Murray, UT, 84107, USA.

Opinion Statement: Oncologists should be able to discern the salient clinical features of the most common germline mutations that give rise to neuroendocrine tumors. Astute recognition of an index patient affected by a hereditary syndrome can lead to a "tip-of-the-iceberg" phenomenon whereby their entire kindred can then be proactively monitored and managed potentially with substantial reduction of morbidity and mortality. Through careful history-taking, as well as thoughtful assimilation of findings from the physical exam, biochemical laboratories, scans, and pathology reports, the clinician can spot phenotypic clues that distinguish these familial patterns from sporadic cases of tumorigenesis. Read More

Genome Med 2020 Apr 28;12(1):38. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PANETs) are rare, slow growing cancers that often present with local and distant metastasis upon detection. PANETS contain distinct karyotypes, epigenetic dysregulation, and recurrent mutations in MEN1, ATRX, and DAXX (MAD+); however, the molecular basis of disease progression remains uncharacterized.

Methods: We evaluated associations between aneuploidy and the MAD+ mutational state of 532 PANETs from 11 published genomic studies and 19 new cases using a combination of exome, targeted panel, shallow WGS, or RNA-seq. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a useful technique in the evaluation of central lung tumors which is commonly encountered in clinical cytology practice. Some of these tumors may show endobronchial, polypoid growth which is readily apparent to the endoscopist. Pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors and carcinoid tumors are overall uncommon in the lung, but these tumors tend to occur centrally and show endobronchial involvement. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA.

Purpose: Surgery is the only curative therapy for carcinoid patients; however, many are unresectable due to direct involvement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branches. In these patients, we sought to improve surgical outcomes via arterial skeletonization of the SMA prior to surgical resection.

Materials And Methods: After left radial access, the SMA was catheterized, angiography was performed, and balloon occlusion was achieved in the tumor vessel. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2020 Apr;26(13):1513-1524

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santiago de Compostela´s University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela 15706, A Coruña, Spain.

Background: Lu peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a recently approved therapy in Spain that has been demonstrated to be a well-tolerated therapy for positive somatostatin receptor advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Aim: To determine the impact of PRRT on quality of life, radiologic and metabolic response, overall survival, prognostic factors and toxicity.

Methods: Thirty-six patients treated with Lu-PRRT from 2016 to 2019 were included. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2020 Apr 20. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3680, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Urology 2020 Apr 16. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address:

Testicular neuroendocrine tumors, commonly called carcinoid, are extremely rare and account for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. The most common type is primary carcinoid followed by testicular metastasis from another primary and rarely carcinoid within a testicular teratoma. To date, less than 25 cases of carcinoid associated teratomas have been reported in the literature. Read More

Mod Pathol 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms are classified by WHO as either typical or atypical carcinoids, large cell (LCNEC) or small cell (SCLC) neuroendocrine carcinoma based on mitotic count, morphology, and necrosis assessment. LCNEC with low mitotic count and sharing morphologic features with carcinoids are in a gray zone for classification and their rare prevalence and the paucity of studies precludes proper validation of the current grading system. In this study, we aim to investigate their clinicopathological and transcriptomic profiles. Read More

Ecancermedicalscience 2020 4;14:1009. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Gynecologic Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Background: Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) is a rare phenomenon. The most common histology of a malignant transformation is squamous cell carcinoma, and there are limited reports of multiple malignancies arising in a single MCT. Further data are necessary to guide management of these atypical cases. Read More

Diagn Pathol 2020 Apr 3;15(1):32. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can secrete bioactive amines in the bloodstream, resulting in the carcinoid syndrome characterized by diarrhea and flushing. The frequency of occurrence of primary cardiac neuroendocrine neoplasms is lesser than that of metastases, and hence, metastases must be adequately ruled out before diagnosis. Cardiac tumors, both primary and metastatic, mainly result in heart-related symptoms, such as heart failure and acquired valvular dysfunction. Read More

J Neurosurg 2020 Apr 3:1-7. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Departments of1Neurological Surgery.

Objective: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare, autosomal-dominant tumor disorder characterized by the development of pituitary tumors and other endocrine neoplasms. Diagnosis is made clinically based on the development of 2 or more canonical lesions (parathyroid gland, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic tumors) or in family members of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1 and the occurrence of one of the MEN1-associated tumors. The goal of this study was to characterize pituitary tumors arising in the setting of MEN1 at a single institution. Read More

Perm J 2020 13;24. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Urology, West Los Angeles Medical Center, CA.

Introduction: Primary renal carcinoid tumors are a rare subset of neuroendocrine tumors arising in the kidneys. Although carcinoid syndrome has occasionally been described, most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.

Case Presentations: We present 2 cases of primary renal carcinoid tumor and describe the workup, immunohistochemical analysis, treatment, and surveillance of each female patient. Read More

Innovations (Phila) 2020 Apr 1:1556984520913292. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

199943 Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery Center of Operative Medicine Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.

Carcinoids of the left main bronchus are rare tumors of the bronchial system and patients often present with dyspnea, asthma-like symptoms, and pneumonia. Gold standard for therapy of carcinoids is surgical resection, but the surgical approach for segmental resection and anastomosis of the left main bronchus is a matter of discussion. With a left-sided approach the access to the bronchus is blocked by the aortic arch and the pulmonary vein. Read More

Oncol Lett 2020 Mar 24;19(3):2446-2456. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors, including typical and atypical carcinoids, are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that represent 1-2% of all lung cancer cases. In the present study, all cases of well-differentiated NETs diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (Tianjin, China) between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed, and 20 pulmonary carcinoid cases were identified. The clinical features of these cases were summarized, and the results of pathological and imaging examinations were collated. Read More

Surg Today 2020 Mar 19. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.

In 1970, neuroendocrine tumors of the lung were classified into three categories: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The third edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 1999 defined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) as a variant of large cell carcinomas, whereas the fourth edition of the WHO classification redefined LCNEC as a neuroendocrine tumor. Currently, neuroendocrine tumors of the lung are classified into four main categories: TC, AC, LCNEC, and SCLC. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2020 Apr 19;12(4):325-328. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China.

The present case report describes a case of mediastinal atypical carcinoid and a favorable outcome linked with the treatment. Mediastinal atypical carcinoid is a rare and aggressive type of neuroendocrine tumor. A 56-year-old man was admitted at the Respiratory Department due to intermittent tightness of the chest for 1 month. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2020 28;2020:9287536. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

There is inconsistency among published guidelines for the optimal diagnostic and management pathways for patients with typical (TC) or atypical (AC) pulmonary carcinoid tumours. We conducted a UK-wide clinician survey to assess current practice for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with TC/AC and descriptively compared management between European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) accredited centres of excellence (CoE) and nonaccredited centres (non-CoE). Twenty-seven clinicians (10 CoE; 17 non-CoE) participated. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2020 Mar 16. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are uncommon neoplasms that typically arise in the context of a mature cystic teratoma. Pure primary ovarian carcinoid tumors (PPOCTs) are rare and present as a solid ovarian mass in which, by definition, elements of an associated teratoma or other neoplasm are absent. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with abdominal distension. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2020 Mar;8(1)

Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Background: Spartalizumab is a humanized IgG4κ monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-1 (PD-1) and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2. This phase 1/2 study was designed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of spartalizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

Methods: In the phase 1 part of the study, 58 patients received spartalizumab, intravenously, at doses of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, administered every 2 weeks (Q2W), or 3 or 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W). Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2019 Dec;46(13):2024-2026

Dept. of Surgery, Ogikubo Hospital.

A patient in his 60s had undergone laparoscopic anterior resection for the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum in February 2016. Histopathologic examination revealed the lesion as a pT2(MP)n(-)M0, fStage Ⅰrectal cancer. One year post-surgery, contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed enhancement of parts of the intrapancreatic distal bile ducts. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2019 Dec;46(13):2413-2415

Dept. of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University.

Although there are reports of goblet cell carcinoid(GCC)treated by chemotherapy using the treatment protocol for colon cancer, the benefit of chemotherapy for GCC remains controversial and unclear. Herein we report 2 cases of patients with GCC who were successfully treated by surgical resection and oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, without evidence of recurrence. The first case was a 57-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic ileocecal resection after being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the appendix by biopsy via colonoscopy. Read More

Chirurgia (Bucur) 2020 Jan-Feb;115(1):102-111

Goblet cell carcinoids (GCC) are extremelyrare neuroendocrine tumours, and characterised by their unique combination of two types of cancer cells âÃÂ" neuroendocrine (carcinoid) and epithelial (adeno-carcinoma). In spite of the fact that GCC is regarded as Neuro-Endocrine Tumour (NET), it does not illicit carcinoid syndrome. GCC usually arises in the appendix and accounting for less than 14% of all appendiceal tumours. Read More

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Apr;29(2):267-279

Colorectal Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address:

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the colon and rectum are rare, although surgeons are likely to encounter appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors while caring for patients with appendicitis. Surgery remains the primary treatment, provided disease is resectable, although for small rectal lesions endoscopic resection is often sufficient. Metastastic disease has a variety of treatment options. Read More

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Apr;29(2):253-266

Section of Endocrine Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.

Gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are increasing in incidence as a result of increased detection and awareness of neuroendocrine tumors as distinct tumor types. The three types of gastric NETs and duodenal NETs have different etiologies and tumor-specific factors, such as grade, location, and hormone-production, and the clinical settings influence management. Options for treatment include removal by local endoscopic resection and surgical resection. Read More

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Apr;29(2):223-241

Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address:

Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNETS) are slow-growing neoplasms with a noted propensity toward metastasis and comparatively favorable prognosis. The presentation of SBNETs is varied, although abdominal pain and obstructive symptoms are the most common presenting symptoms. In patients with metastases, hypersecretion of serotonin and other bioactive amines results in diarrhea, flushing, valvular heart disease, and bronchospasm, termed carcinoid syndrome. Read More

Hum Pathol 2020 Apr 5;98:98-109. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

We present 783 surgical resections of typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung identified in the pathology files of 20 different pathology departments. All cases were critically reviewed for clinical and pathological features and further correlated with clinical outcomes. Long-term follow-up was obtained in all the patients and statistically analyzed to determine significance of the different parameters evaluated. Read More

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2020 Feb;9(1):1-12

Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that specific radiographic criteria, including the presence of calcifications and the enhancement pattern on computed tomography (CT) imaging, correlates with clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET). We sought to investigate whether these radiographic characteristics were prognostic among patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) undergoing surgical resection.

Methods: The preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans of all patients who underwent resection of NELM at a single institution between 2000-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2020 Mar-Apr;25(2):128-129. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

S D Med 2020 Feb;73(2):54-58

Department of Pediatrics, Avera McKennan Children's Hospital and University Health Center.

Primary lung tumors are very rare in children and constitute only 0.2 percent of all pediatric malignancies. Carcinoids are the most common primary pediatric lung tumor and account for 80 percent of all primary malignant bronchial tumors. Read More

Indian J Cancer 2020 Jan-Mar;57(1):98-101

Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (MEA-ND) is also called as neuroendocrine adenoma. Neuroendocrine tumors are rarely seen in the head and neck region and are even more rare in the middle ear. Clinical and radiological findings are non-specific and seldom suggest this diagnosis. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2020 Jun;31(2):101-107

Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr, 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.

Strumal carcinoid is an extraordinary rare tumor of the ovary consisting of thyroid tissue intermixed with neuroendocrine tumor component. The cellular origin of strumal carcinoids has been an area of debate. There is also little data on detailed immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these neoplasms. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 29;21(5). Epub 2020 Feb 29.

Department of Endocrinology, "La Paz" University Hospital. Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.

Somatostatin analogs are an invaluable therapeutic option in the diagnosis and treatment of somatotropinomas, thyrotropinomas, and functioning and non-functioning gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. They should also be considered an effective and safe therapeutic alternative to corticotropinomas, gonadotropinomas, and prolactinomas resistant to dopamine agonists. Somatostatin analogs have also shown to be useful in the treatment of other endocrine diseases (congenital hyperinsulinism, Graves' orbitopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema), non-endocrine tumors (breast, colon, prostate, lung, and hepatocellular), and digestive diseases (chronic refractory diarrhea, hepatorenal polycystosis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, dumping syndrome, and intestinal fistula). Read More