Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Metastatic lung carcinoids (MLC) remain poorly characterized and no prognostic stratification exists.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including patients with MLC in two European expert centers. The aims were to characterize these, identify prognostic factors of survival, and effectiveness of their treatments. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2019 Feb 15;19(1):41. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Pulmonary carcinoids are included in the group of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and derive from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. The incidence of these tumors is increasing, but disease awareness remains low among clinicians. The synchronous presentation of lung cancer and mycobacterial infection is well known but the combination of pulmonary carcinoid and mycobacterial infection is rare. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(5):e14315

Department of Pathology, the First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang.

Rationale: Sclerosing pneumocytoma accompanied with other type of tumor in one patient is very rare. Here, we report a case of a sclerosing pneumocytoma mixed with a typical carcinoid tumor in a same neoplasm.

Patient Concerns: A 55-year-old woman incidentally detected a space-occupying lesion of right lung in routine health examination. Read More

Iran J Pathol 2018 17;13(2):196-204. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Registrar Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Bangalore, India.

Background & Objective: Primary pleural neoplasms are rare entities compared with the pleural involvement by metastatic carcinoma.The current study aimed at investigating the complete spectrum of pleural neoplasms and differentiating between them with the aid of immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods: Consecutive pleural biopsy specimens positive for a neoplasm, both primary and metastatic, were included in the study. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Context: Pulmonary carcinoids (PC) belong to neuroendocrine tumors that often overexpress somatostatin receptors (SSTR). This overexpression provides a molecular basis for tumor imaging and treatment with somatostatin analogs.

Objective: To evaluate SSTR1-5 distribution in a large set of PC tumors and to investigate whether the expression is associated with clinicopathological and outcome data. Read More

Oncologist 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Using data from four tertiary referral centers in the U.S., we assessed real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Read More

Endocr J 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hypercortisolemia. Cyclic Cushing's syndrome (CCS), which exhibits a periodic or irregular increasing pattern in cortisol, is a rare type of Cushing's syndrome. A 37-year-old man came to our hospital because of repeated dizzy spells, weakness and hypercortisolemia lasting two weeks. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2019 Feb 13;37(4):318-327. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ.

Purpose: Biomarkers that can predict response to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy across multiple tumor types include a T-cell-inflamed gene-expression profile (GEP), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Associations between these biomarkers and the clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab were evaluated in a clinical trial that encompassed 20 cohorts of patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods: KEYNOTE-028 ( ClinicalTrials. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2018 Dec 12;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Division of Hematology & Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of malignancies that originated from neuroendocrine cells, with the most common sites being lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Lung NETs comprise 25% of all lung malignancies. Small cell lung cancer is the most common form of lung NETs, and other rare forms include well-differentiated typical carcinoids (TCs) and poorly differentiated atypical carcinoids (ACs). Read More

Neuroendocrinology 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

The clinicopathological features of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) with a high proliferative index at the border area between atypical carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma, have not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was, therefore, to search for lung NENs, which are well-differentiated but show Ki67 values that overlap with those of poorly differentiated NENs (PD-NENs). Resected lung NENs from 244 Japanese patients were reviewed and Ki67 index was assessed in all tumors. Read More

J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2018 Dec 22;30(4):151-158. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address:

Background: The spectrum of lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) encompasses low grade typical carcinoid (TC), intermediate grade atypical carcionid (AC) and high grade, both large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with extreme differences in management and survival.

Objective: To study clinicopathologic and prognostic factors affecting survival of lung NETs.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating 35 patients with primary lung NETs treated at National Cancer Institute of Egypt (NCI-E) between January 2010 and December 2014. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(47):e13286

Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Rationale: Thymic carcinoids are a rare type of malignant neuroendocrine tumors which have a poor prognosis due to their distant metastasis, invasive behaviour, and postoperative recurrence. Surgical resection is still the fundamental mode for treating thymic carcinoids. Here, we report the rapid shrinkage of an atypical thymic carcinoid with multiple metastases following chemoradiation plus octreotide as a first-line therapy PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 39-year-old Chinese man presented with chest tightness, dyspnea with a history of lumbago and untreated malignant thymoma. Read More

Radiographics 2018 Nov-Dec;38(7):2151-2172

From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (J.P.L., E.M.C.) and Department of Pathology (J.P.L., A.R.H., E.M.C.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814; Thoracic Radiology Section (J.P.L., D.M.B.) and Pediatric Radiology Section (D.M.B., E.M.C.), American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (D.M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (B.W.C.); and Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (M.A.P.).

Primary lung tumors in children are rare, with a narrow range of diagnostic considerations. However, the overlapping imaging appearances of these tumors necessitate attention to key discriminating imaging and pathologic features. In the neonate and infant, the important considerations include pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), infantile fibrosarcoma, and fetal lung interstitial tumor. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Feb 8;14(2):184-192. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Introduction: The TNM classification for lung cancer, originally designed for NSCLC, is applied to staging of bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. The validity of the eighth edition of the staging system for carcinoid tumors has not been assessed. In this study, we evaluated its prognostic accuracy by using data from a large national population-based cancer registry. Read More

Chirurgia (Bucur) 2018 Sept-Oct;113(5):712-718

The majority of malignant breast lesions are primary tumors originated from breast tissue. These primary breast cancers usually metastasize to lymph nodes, lungs, bones and brain. Metastases from cancers of other organs to the breast are very rare, but have been encountered in patients with malignant melanoma, carcinoid tumors or lung carcinoma. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Dec;43(12):e492-e494

Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma "Sapienza".

We report the case of a 43-year-old man with a history of lung carcinoid and a recent detection of thyroid nodules by ultrasound. The cytological analysis raised the suspicion of medullary thyroid carcinoma; however, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were in reference range. Considering the previous diagnosis of lung carcinoid, the patient underwent whole-body Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Read More

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 20;144(12):2441-2447. Epub 2018 Oct 20.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 241, West Huaihai Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.

Purpose: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is considered a systemic disease and surgery is generally not recommended to treat it. High heterogeneity within the tumor and preoperative diagnostic capabilities can sometimes fail to identify SCLC correctly, leading to a subset of unexpected SCLC patients that are diagnosed only after pulmonary resections.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who were diagnosed as having SCLC only after surgery between 2008 and 2015 at a single institution. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2018 (9):46-51

National Medical Endocrinology Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Ectopic ACTH-syndrome is a relatively rare neuroendocrine disease. It is characterized by hypercortisolemia-associated severe complications that justifies need for timely diagnosis and radical therapy. Case report of young patient with ACTH-producing lung tumor is presented. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2018 Dec 3;46(12):1010-1014. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

Background: Homeobox transcription factors have demonstrated utility in diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors. Orthopedia homeobox protein (OTP) has a well-defined role in embryonic neurodevelopment and has also been described as a prognostic marker in lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Additionally, NK6 homeobox-1 (NKX6. Read More

Endocrine 2018 Oct 2. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

1st Department of Propaupedic Internal Medicine, Endocrine Oncology Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the prevalence of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (EPNS) in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and estimate its impact on patient outcomes.

Design: This is a retrospective analysis of 834 patients with NENs (611 gastrointestinal, 166 thoracic, 57 of unknown and various other primary origin). We included 719 consecutive NEN patients treated at EKPA-Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece and 115 patients with lung carcinoid (LC) treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Read More

Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018 Oct;22(5):565-568

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including gastroenteropancreatic NETs, or GEP-NETs, are heterogenous tumors that arise from diffuse neuroendocrine cells and other organs, such as the lung, ovary, and thyroid. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate (Lutathera®) is a newly approved targeted therapy for patients with advanced GEP-NETs. Patients treated with octreotide long-acting release may be candidates for this second-line therapy. Read More

Endocr J 2018 Dec 20;65(12):1161-1169. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan.

Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is a potentially fatal endocrine disease that results from a variety of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and bronchial typical carcinoid. Typical carcinoid is usually slow growing, not associated with plasma progastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) elevation. Here, we report a 47-year-old female smoker with progressive typical carcinoid and plasma ProGRP elevation. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2018 24;25:177-180. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19636, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.

Background: Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion has been associated with many cancers; most commonly small cell carcinoma of the lung and bronchial carcinoid tumors. Usually, patients who confer this diagnosis have poor prognosis.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old female presented with worsening shortness of breath and weakness over three days. Read More

Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018 Dec 4;41(6):687-691. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (LNETs) encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions, including tumors with no or low metastatic potential, such as typical (TCs) and atypical (ACs) carcinoids, and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas. To date, only a few biomarkers with prognostic impact have been identified in LNETs. Previous experimental studies have suggested that the cytokine CXCL12 might have a role in stratifying the outcome of lung cancer as well as LNET patients. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Jul;10(7):3928-3939

Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Background: Broncho-pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (bpNETs) are rare malignancies and there is no consensus on therapeutical management of metastatic disease and follow-up after radical resection.

Methods: Clinical records of patients with a cytological or histological diagnosis of bpNETs and distant metastases (metachronous or synchronous), evaluated at the European Institute of Oncology between 1997 and 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. Data on patient demographics, pathology, imaging exams, surgical and non-surgical treatments were collected. Read More

Oncologist 2018 Aug 29. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

Background: The clinical relevance of molecular biomarkers in oncology management has been recognized in breast and lung cancers. We evaluated a blood-based multigene assay for management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a real-world study (U.S. Read More

Mod Pathol 2019 Jan 28;32(1):100-109. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Recent evidence suggests a role for the nuclear marker INSM1 in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine lung neoplasms. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of INSM1 as a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation using a large series of whole-tissue sections of primary lung neoplasms. We stained 345 primary lung neoplasms with INSM1, including 292 whole-tissue sections. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(34):e11924

Division of Radiology.

We sought to assess the use of an electro pulmonary nodule (EPN) scanner (FreshMedx, Salt Lake City, UT) in the noninvasive characterization of pulmonary nodules using transcutaneous bioconductance.Monocentric prospective study including patients with a pulmonary nodule identified on a chest computed tomography scan. Study protocol approved by the institutional review board and written consent was obtained for every patient. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2018 Apr-Jun;25(2):81-90

Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate patients with uveal metastasis based on primary tumor site.

Methods: Retrospective analysis from Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA, for uveal metastasis clinical features and outcomes based on the primary tumor site.

Results: There were 2214 uveal metastases diagnosed in 1111 consecutive patients. Read More

Oncologist 2019 Jan 13;24(1):54-61. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) most commonly arise in the gastroenteropancreatic system and lungs. The incidence of NEN is increasing globally, with improved diagnostic techniques identifying patients with early-stage disease. The number of approved therapies for the treatment of advanced disease has grown substantially in the past decade. Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018 09;47(3):699-709

Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Carcinoids of the lung and thymus are rare thoracic cancers. In general, lung carcinoid tumors have a favorable prognosis, particularly when diagnosed at an early stage and treated with surgical resection. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors may be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 syndrome, tend to have a more aggressive natural history, and relatively frequently secrete ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Nov;40(11):815-818

Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy that shares cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features with other small round blue cell (SRBC) tumors. Although the trabecular pattern is anecdotally associated with MCC, objective data are lacking.

Methods: This was a retrospective institutional review board-approved observational study conducted on microscopic images of 79 MCCs and 74 other SRBC tumors (desmoplastic small round cell tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, carcinoid, metastatic small cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin small cell lymphoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, nephroblastoma, small cell osteosarcoma, and round cell liposarcoma). Read More

Hum Pathol 2018 Nov 18;81:201-210. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Laboratory of Genomic and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil. Electronic address:

Ki-67 has shown promise as a prognostic factor in pulmonary carcinoids. In this study, we sought to validate the importance of Ki-67 and study the relationships between Ki-67 and other stromal biomarkers of vascular density. We examined Ki-67, CD34, and D2-40 in tumor tissues from 128 patients with surgically excised typical carcinoid of the lung. Read More

Magy Onkol 2018 Jul 12;62(2):113-118. Epub 2018 Apr 12.

Tüdõgyógyintézet, Törökbálint, Hungary.

Lung neuroendocrine tumors comprise 20% of all pulmonary tumors. Their appearance and behavior are very heterogeneous. Histologically they are divided into four groups, well-differentiated and low-malignant typical carcinoid, poorly differentiated and worse prognosis atypical carcinoid, and highly malignant small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Read More

Magy Onkol 2018 Jul 10;62(2):83-89. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Daganatpatológiai Központ, Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Citopatológiai Osztály, Budapest, Hungary.

The heterogeneous group of lung neuroendocrine tumors are divided into four main types: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell carcinoma (SCLC). Classification is based on the analysis of surgical resection specimens, which, in addition to basic morphological features, takes into account the mitotic count in 2 mm², the presence or absence of necrosis. According to prognosis, TC is low grade, AC is intermediate grade, while SCLC and LCNEC are high grade carcinomas with very poor prognosis. Read More

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Jul 3. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary carcinoids are low-grade tumors for which the standard treatment is surgical resection. We retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcomes.

Methods: Thirteen patients underwent surgical resection for them at our institution between January 2005 and December 2016. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2018 Sep 2;17(3):351-358. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Pulmonary Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Exohi, 570 10, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are defined as a combination of clinical disorders associated with malignant diseases that are caused by the secretion of various substances by the tumor without, however, being caused by the direct growth and infiltration of the primary tumor, or due to the development of distant metastases. Despite the fact that lung cancer represents the number one cause of death from cancer worldwide, the new methods of treatment increase patient survival and the incidence of paraneoplastic syndromes. The most important ones of these are humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, hyponatremia of malignancy, ectopic Cushing's syndrome, carcinoid syndrome, and hypoglycemia and are usually a poor prognostic marker. Read More

Respiration 2018 28;96(2):204. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Oncotarget 2018 Jun 8;9(44):27535-27546. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Purpose: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a promising therapeutic target in advanced lung carcinoid patients. However, the mechanisms of mTOR modulation and of responsiveness to mTOR inhibitors are largely unclear. Our aim was to analyze the expression and functional role of specific miRNAs in lung carcinoids as an alternative mechanism targeting mTOR pathway. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2018 May 18;24:94-98. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Introduction: Multiple primary tumors (MPTs) are defined as two or more separate synchronous or metachronous neoplasms occurring in different sites in the same individual. These tumors differ in histology, as well as primary sites from which they arise. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of MPTs include germline alterations, exposure to prior cancer therapies, occupational hazards, and lifestyle and behavioral influences. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Oct 15;106(4):981-988. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address:

Background: Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are often considered indolent tumors. The prognostic significance of lymph node (LN) metastases and the need for mediastinal dissection is controversial. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of LN metastases in resected carcinoid patients. Read More

Proteomics Clin Appl 2018 11 5;12(6):e1800015. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Translational Medicine Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.

Purpose: The molecular underpinnings that may prognosticate survival and increase our understanding of tumor development and progression are still poorly understood. This study aimed to define the molecular signatures for malignancy in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is known for its highly aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis.

Experimental Design: Using clinical specimens, the authors perform a comparative proteomic analysis of high-grade SCLCs and low-grade pulmonary carcinoid tumors (PCTs), both of which are types of neuroendocrine tumors. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018 Aug 5;142(8):947-951. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Yi); and the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Korea (Dr Lee).

Context: - Air space invasion or aerogenous spread of lung adenocarcinoma is a relatively new concept and has been implicated as a potential prognostic factor as well as has been added as an exclusion point in the diagnosis of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. Potential role for Ki-67 immunostaining as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in pulmonary carcinoid tumors has been suggested in the literature, given the significant interobserver variability and the difficulty in predicting their clinical behavior.

Objective: - To review the concept of air space invasion in lung adenocarcinoma and the current controversies regarding the role of Ki-67 immunostaining on pulmonary carcinoid tumors Data Sources. Read More

J Vis Surg 2018 27;4:81. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Bronchial carcinoids (BC) are indolent neuroendocrine tumors (NET) that are classified as malignant because they can locally infiltrate and metastasize. Resection is the primary treatment for most localized carcinoid tumors, with lung parenchymal-sparing surgery the favoured objective for patients with central airway tumors. Sleeve bronchoplasty techniques are complex surgical procedures defined as parenchyma-saving because they allow a radical resection with tumor-free margins while preserving the maximum amount of parenchyma. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2018 Sep;29(3):259-268

Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors occur in both central and peripheral locations, and some differences in clinico-pathological features have long been observed. We investigated a large number of resected carcinoid tumors with the aim to further define the characteristics of tumors from both locations. One hundred sixty-six resected carcinoid tumors of the lung were analyzed for a variety of clinical and pathologic features, including histology subtype, mitotic rate, Ki67 index, necrosis, invasive pattern, architectural pattern, cell morphology, sustentacular cells, neuroendocrine hyperplasia, and orthopedia homeobox protein (OTP) and TTF-1 immunohistochemical expressions. Read More

Pituitary 2018 Oct;21(5):535-544

Department Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Two types of ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS) are described: ECS associated with aggressive neoplasms, and ECS with indolent and occult tumors, however, there is a lack of studies that thoroughly review their characteristics.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out on PUBMED of all the papers about the ECS, in order to better define the types of this subcategory of Cushing's syndrome, highlighting the differential aspects between these subgroups.

Results: It was found that in 50% of cases the prototypic "aggressive" ECS is caused by small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018 06;47(2):409-425

Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK. Electronic address:

Despite modern imaging techniques, differentiating ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome from pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease, is especially difficult when well-differentiated carcinoids are the source of ACTH secretion, particularly pulmonary carcinoid tumors. ACTH-secreting pulmonary carcinoids, like the corticotroph adenomas causing Cushing's disease, are often small and difficult to detect, and patients present with a gradual onset of the classical signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, indistinguishable from the presentation of Cushing's disease. Hence, the differential diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment, dynamic biochemical tests, inferior petrosal sinus sampling, and multimodal imaging, each with its own caveats and pitfalls. Read More

Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2018 ;21(2)

Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institiute of Oncology, Wawelska 15, 02-034 Warszawa, Poland.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) is a form of molecular targeted therapy which is performed by using a small peptide (somatostatin analogue - SSA) that is coupled with a radionuclide beta emitting radiation. PRRT is a nuclear medicine for the systemic treatment of non-resectable, metastasized well/moderately differentiated, neuroendocrine tumours (NET) with overexpression of somatostatin receptor. These types of tumours include gastroenteropancreatic neoplasm (GEP-NENs), e. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2018 Oct 19;26(7):660-663. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

1 Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Carcinoid tumorlets are peribronchiolar proliferations of neuroendocrine cells often associated with lung scars. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that frequently involves the gastrointestinal tract but less commonly is described in the lung. Simultaneous occurrence of neuroendocrine neoplasms and MALT lymphoma is extraordinarily rare and has predominately been reported in the gastrointestinal tract. Read More