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BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 24;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr B Borooah Cancer Society Trust, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Carcinoid tumours are present in a wide range of organs but most frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and rarely reported in gynaecological organs. Literature reports that the prevalence of ovarian carcinoid is 0.3%-1% of ovarian neoplasms and accounts for only 5% of ovarian teratomas. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Jun 16;14(12). Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Background: Surgery is the only curative option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and is also indicated for debulking of liver metastasis. Intraoperative carcinoid crisis (CC) is thought to be a potentially lethal complication. Though perioperative octreotide is often recommended for prevention, recent NET society guidelines raised concerns regarding limited data supporting its use. Read More

World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022 May;14(5):267-290

Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogenous group of rare neoplasms that are increasingly being discovered, often incidentally, throughout the gastrointestinal tract with varying degrees of activity and malignant potential. Confusing nomenclature has added to the complexity of managing these lesions. The term carcinoid tumor and embryonic classification have been replaced with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, which includes gastrointestinal neuroendocrine and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Jun 17;101(24):e29464. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

General Surgery Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Italy.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumors. 55% of NETs originate in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver is the most common site of distant metastases. Serum chromogranin A is the most common biomarker for assessing the extent of disease and monitoring treatment; carcinoid syndrome occurs in 19% of NETs and is characterized by chronic diarrhea or flushing. Read More

Hum Pathol 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213.

Goblet cell adenocarcinoma is a rare appendiceal tumour with amphicrine differentiation that has distinct morphologic and clinical features compared to carcinomas seen elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors have engendered considerable confusion in the literature regarding their classification, and they have been described under several different names including goblet cell carcinoid, adenocarcinoid, and adenocarcinoma, among others. In the recent 5 edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Digestive System Tumors, goblet cell adenocarcinoma is the preferred diagnosis due to the increasing recognition of a frequent co-existing high-grade adenocarcinoma component. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2022 Apr;28(13):1304-1314

Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain.

Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (aNETs) are an uncommon neoplasm that is relatively indolent in most cases. They are typically diagnosed in younger patients than other neuroendocrine tumors and are often an incidental finding after an appendectomy. Although there are numerous clinical practice guidelines on management of aNETs, there is continues to be a dearth of evidence on optimal treatment. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2022 May 22;2022(5):rjac128. Epub 2022 May 22.

Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.

Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital anomaly leading to the formation of a true diverticulum in the distal small intestine. Though most are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, Meckel's diverticuli can give rise to a wide range of symptoms. Rarely, this can be a malignancy, most commonly a carcinoid tumor. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 7;14(4):e23905. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Core Psychiatry Training, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, GBR.

Serotonin-producing tumours are a subset of neuroendocrine tumours which, when active, can lead to carcinoid syndrome caused by the secretion of vasoactive substances such as serotonin, histamine, and bradykinins. In addition to the common symptoms of flushing, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and carcinoid heart disease, carcinoid syndrome is also known to cause psychiatric symptoms of depression as well as anxiety and, very rarely, psychotic symptoms. The treatment of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease is also complicated by the concurrent use of somatostatin analogues, which also affect total circulating serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter implicated in the aforementioned psychiatric disorders. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Mar 31;12(4). Epub 2022 Mar 31.

4th Department of Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal system. In this scoping review, we attempt to map existing evidence on the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in the diagnosis and management of NENs of the gastrointestinal system. After implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we retrieved 44 studies with 53 outcome analyses. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 18;14(3):e23302. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Internal Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Port Jefferson, USA.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are epithelial neoplasms with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation that arise in the gastrointestinal tract, unique to the site of origin, such as the pancreas and small intestine. Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) is a rare tumor. Diagnosing NEBC is challenging because there is no specific clinical presentation, as it is usually presented as a breast lump. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022 14;9(3):003231. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.

Small bowel tumours are rare, representing about 0.5% of all tumours and about 3% of gastrointestinal tract tumours. The low prevalence contrasts with the vast surface area of the small intestine, which accounts for over 90% of the surface area of the digestive tract. Read More

Cancer Diagn Progn 2022 Mar-Apr;2(2):115-125. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

This review aimed to highlight the characteristics and surgical treatments of tumours, and answer questions regarding the assessment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and optimal therapy. NENs comprise tumours that can produce hormones and cause a secretory syndrome. The diagnostic method and accuracy differ depending on the site of occurrence; hence, the relevant scientific society has created NEN treatment guidelines for each organ. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 Apr 8;23:e936029. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Carcinoid tumors are well-differentiated tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells. They are rare tumors and occur most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract, followed by the pulmonary system. They usually present with abdominal pain or cough or persistent pneumonia. Read More

J Comp Eff Res 2022 05 7;11(7):523-531. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

To assess the impact of sex on the outcomes of patients with well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine neoplasms in a real-world setting. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Research Plus database (2000-2018) was accessed, and patients with a diagnosis of typical or atypical carcinoid of the lung were reviewed. Trends in age-standardized rates (per 100,000) of the incidence of lung carcinoid tumors were reviewed among male and female patients as well as the overall population, and annual percent change (APC) was determined for the three groups. Read More

Function (Oxf) 2022 26;3(1):zqab062. Epub 2021 Nov 26.

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.

Abetted by widespread usage of acid-suppressing proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the mitogenic actions of the peptide hormone gastrin are being revisited as a recurring theme in various gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. While pathological gastrin levels are intricately linked to hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells leading to carcinoid development, the signaling effects exerted by gastrin on distinct cell types of the gastric mucosa are more nuanced. Indeed, mounting evidence suggests dichotomous roles for gastrin in both promoting and suppressing tumorigenesis. Read More

Biomedicines 2022 Feb 24;10(3). Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Secretin was originally discovered as a gastrointestinal peptide that stimulates fluid secretion from the pancreas and liver and delays gastric emptying. In disease, a secretin receptor (SCTR) was found to occur as a splice variant in gastrinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of SCTR has been described for gastrinomas, carcinoid tumors of the lung and cholangiocarcinoma. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2022 Mar 19. Epub 2022 Mar 19.

Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Metastasis to the eye can involve the choroid (90%), ciliary body (2%), iris (8%), and retina, optic disc, vitreous, and/or lens capsule (<1-4%). The mean number of uveal metastasis per eye (1.7), mean tumour base (11. Read More

Molecules 2022 Mar 3;27(5). Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) is a neurotransmitter in both the central nervous system and peripheral structures, acting also as a hormone in platelets. Although its concentration in the gut covers >90% of all organism resources, serotonin is mainly known as a neurotransmitter that takes part in the pathology of mental diseases. Serotonin modulates not only CNS neurons, but also pain transmission and platelet aggregation. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Feb 22;14(5). Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the diffuse neuroendocrine cell system of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract and have increasingly increased in number over the decades. GEP-NENs are roughly classified into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas; it is essential to understand the pathological classification according to the mitotic count and Ki67 proliferation index. In addition, with the advent of molecular-targeted drugs and somatostatin analogs and advances in endoscopic and surgical treatments, the multidisciplinary treatment of GEP-NENs has made great progress. Read More

Maedica (Bucur) 2021 Dec;16(4):695-699

Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Carcinoids are a rare and slow growing tumor, having a propensity to affect all organs but most commonly involve the gastrointestinal tract, followed by lungs. Carcinoid tumors secrete a variety of peptides and neuroamines. Though clinical presentation is varied and depends on the involved organ along with produced neuroactive amines, common symptoms include flushing, explosive watery diarrhoea and bronchospasm. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):27-33. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

The detection rates of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rising, which has led to a better understanding of their histopathologic characteristics. We present a case of adrenal pheochromocytoma with an incidental finding of a concurrent ileocecal NET detected on early post-adrenalectomy imaging. A 59-year-old male was noted to have microscopic hematuria on a routine workup. Read More

Cancer Biol Ther 2022 12;23(1):96-102

Early Discovery and Technology Development, Ksilink, Strasbourg, France.

Lung carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors representing 1 to 2% of lung cancers. This study outlines the case of a patient with a metastatic lung atypical carcinoid who presented with a pleural effusion and progression of liver metastases after developing resistance to conventional treatments. Personalized functional profiling (PFP), i. Read More

J Dig Dis 2022 Mar 15;23(3):166-173. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Objectives: Primary gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinomas (GB-NEC) are malignant neoplasms that remained to be studied. In this study we aimed to summarize their clinicopathological characteristics, effective treatment and prognostic factors for patients with GB-NEC.

Methods: Patients with GB-NEC admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from October 2012 to August 2020 were enrolled. Read More

Updates Surg 2022 Jun 17;74(3):1011-1016. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Gonda Bldg, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery (R-TAMIS) is a novel and evolving technique with limited reported outcomes in the literature. Compared to the laparoscopic approach, R-TAMIS provides enhanced optics, increased degrees of motion, superior ergonomics, and easier maneuverability in the confines of the rectum. We report a single institution experience at a large quaternary referral academic medical center with R-TAMIS using the da Vinci Xi® platform. Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2022 May 14;29(5):3072-3084. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Carcinoid crisis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by various symptoms, including hemodynamic instability, flushing, and diarrhea. The incidence of carcinoid crisis is unknown, in part due to inconsistency in definitions across studies. Triggers of carcinoid crisis include general anesthesia and surgical procedures, but drug-induced and spontaneous cases have also been reported. Read More

Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022 Feb 10:e1610. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Piedmont Atlanta Hospital, Division of Surgical Oncology & HPB Surgery, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous system. NETs, often found in the gastrointestinal tract, can be found anywhere in the body, and have metastatic potential. NETs occasionally present with metastatic disease without an identifiable primary tumor. Read More

Cir Cir 2022 ;90(1):120-123

Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Regional Tlalnepantla, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México.

Cecal appendix tumors are extremely rare (less than 0.5%), with carcinoid tumors being described as the most common type of appendix tumor. A case of a 32-year-old male patient is reported, with no significant pathological history, with acute abdomen data. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jan 27;14(1):e21657. Epub 2022 Jan 27.

Hematology and Oncology, Christus Highland Medical Center, Shreveport, USA.

The ampulla of Vater is a unique, highly vascularized pouch. Its anatomic transition is halfway along the second part of the duodenum from the foregut to the midgut. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) latest nomenclature, carcinoid tumors are now called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Read More

Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol 2022 ;10(1):1-13

Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Objectives: We investigated the detectability of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN).

Methods: From January 2016 to October 2020, 125 SRS examinations using indium-111 pentetreotide performed for patients with NEN lesions were retrospectively evaluated. The detection rate of NEN lesions was determined according to histopathological classification by primary site and by organ. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2022 Feb 28;23(2):176. Epub 2021 Dec 28.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can have multiple localizations in the human body however, most often, it appears in the in thorax at tracheobronchial tree and the thymus. NETs are a group of tumors with heterogenous malignancy that evolve from neuroendocrine cells, with the lung being the second target organ after the gastrointestinal tract. These rare tumors are usually asymptomatic and non-functional with little information regarding incidence in the specialty literature. Read More