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Cureus 2021 May 10;13(5):e14940. Epub 2021 May 10.

Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Queens Hospital Center, New York City, USA.

Primary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare types of malignancies that can have a variety of presentations due to the ubiquitous distribution of neuroendocrine cells within the body. While mediastinal masses are not uncommon, NETs arising from the anterior mediastinum are rare and often originate from the thymus gland. A subset of NETs, atypical carcinoids, are more commonly seen in the lungs or gastrointestinal organs and often present with endocrine syndromes, chiefly Cushing's syndrome. Read More

Endocrine 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Centre for Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

Purpose: Type III gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs) have historically been regarded as aggressive tumours, hence current guidelines advocate radical surgery with lymph node dissection. Data on the roles of endoscopic or less extensive surgical resections are more limited. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic or limited surgical resection for localised grade 1 or 2 type III g-NENs when compared to radical surgery. Read More

Curr Med Imaging 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Gastrointestinal schwannoma is not a common type of tumor, and lesions originating from the appendix are extremely rare. Herein, we report a patient with appendiceal schwannoma characterized by lymph node swelling.

Case Report: A 67-year-old male patient who had diabetes complained of weight loss. Read More

Am J Primatol 2021 Jun 7:e23290. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.

The finding of parasites and bacterial pathogens in mountain gorilla feces and oral lesions in gorilla skeletal remains has not been linked to pathological evidence of morbidity or mortality. In the current study, we conducted a retrospective study of digestive tracts including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines (gastrointestinal tract [GI]), liver, and pancreas of 60 free-ranging mountain gorillas from Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo that died between 1985 and 2007. We reviewed clinical histories and gross pathology reports and examined histological sections. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2021 May;71(5):1486-1488

Department of General Surgery Unit-1, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

The periampullary neuroendocrine tumour is an infrequently occurring tumour. Its prevalence among gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms is less than 0.3%, and less than 2% out of periampullary tumours. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS & PUMC Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.

Abstract: We present a case with pulmonary atypical carcinoid and multiple hepatic metastases. Immunohistochemical staining of liver biopsy sample was negative for somatostatin receptor subtype 2, but 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT scan revealed multiple positive lesions. The mismatch was actually caused by heterogeneous expression of somatostatin receptor in liver lesions. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 May 20;21(1):580. Epub 2021 May 20.

Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors, although relatively rare in incidence, are now the second most prevalent gastrointestinal neoplasm owing to indolent disease biology. A small but significant sub-group of neuroendocrine tumor patients suffer from diarrhea. This is usually secondary to carcinoid syndrome but can also be a result of short gut syndrome, bile acid excess or iatrogenic etiologies. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2021 Jun 15;14(3):876-880. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) account for approximately 1-2% of all gastrointestinal tumors. In particular, primary hepatic NETs (PHNETs) are extremely rare. A 42-year-old female patient was given a diagnosis of liver tumor after a medical check-up with ultrasonography. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 27;12:669484. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Objective: Antiproliferative activity of somatostatin analogs (SSAs) has been demonstrated in digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but few data have been published in patients with pulmonary NETs. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to provide additional data on the outcome of patients with metastatic lung NETs submitted to front line SSAs.

Research Design And Methods: Patients with metastatic lung NET treated with first line SSA-monotherapy (octreotide or lanreotide) in two different reference Institutions were reviewed. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 4;2021(5):rjab159. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Anesthesiology, Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA.

Gangliocytic paragangliomas (GP) are rare tumors encountered exclusively in the second portion of the duodenum. Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma (DGP) belongs to a subclass of neuroendocrine neoplasms, characterized with unique histologic features of carcinoid tumor, paraganglioma and ganglioneuromas. According to the recent World Health Organization classification of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there is a debate to classify them either as low-grade NETs or as an independent entity. Read More

Lung Cancer 2021 06 26;156:109-116. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre of Excellence Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine overall survival and recurrence-free survival after resection of bronchopulmonary carcinoids by means of predominantly minimally invasive surgery and lung-sparing resections. In addition, we aimed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive patients operated for bronchopulmonary carcinoids between January 2009 and October 2020 identified from a prospectively collected database. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jul 26;33(4):749-752. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

A 10-y-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog had a history of ataxia, inability to stand, and grand mal seizures. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles revealed profound hypoglycemia, mildly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mild hypernatremia, and lymphopenia. The seizures could not be controlled with intravenous dextrose, diazepam, or propofol. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 19;13(3):e14006. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Internal Medicine, Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are epithelial neoplasms with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation and the ability to synthesize and secrete variable hormones and monoamines. They are relatively rare, accounting for 2% of all malignancy cases in the United States. The most common system affected by NETs is the gastrointestinal tract. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 15;13(3):e13907. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Urology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA.

Renal carcinoid tumors are exceedingly rare. These neuroendocrine masses are most frequently found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. A renal carcinoid tumor has only been documented in around 100 cases. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021 Jan-Dec;9:23247096211008717

SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors developing from neural crest cells, with numerous sites of origin, commonly the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. NETs of the genitourinary tract are more common in women. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate or testicular carcinoid are the NETs in male. Read More

Br J Nurs 2021 Apr;30(7):404-408

Colorectal Consultant Surgeon, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro.

The coronavirus pandemic has brought about an economic and healthcare crisis. This has resulted in delays in virtually all areas of patient care and has forced clinicians to review and adapt their processes, in order to ensure patients continue to have access to timely and effective services. In the author's local Trust, this manifested in altered protocols, developed in order to maintain patient and staff safety while conducting invasive and potentially virus-spreading investigations. Read More

World J Gastrointest Surg 2021 Mar;13(3):231-255

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, PR2 9HT, Preston, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects, pathogenesis, molecular diagnosis, and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have drastically advanced in the past decade. Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation factors. Most NENs are well-differentiated, and slow growing. Read More

Clin Endosc 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent approximately one-third of NETs of the gastrointestinal tract, and their incidence is increasing. When determining if endoscopic resection is appropriate, endoscopic ultrasound is used to assess the lesion size and depth of invasion for duodenal NETs. A number of techniques, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), band-assisted EMR (band-EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and over-the-scope clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR), have been studied; however, the best technique for endoscopic resection remains unclear. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 25;13(2):e13556. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Gatsroenterology, Northwell Health, New York, USA.

Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the stomach or gastric carcinoid (GC) is a rare tumor derived from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the stomach and is more common in women after the fifth decade of life. The incidence of GC has been recently trending up. While most GC are visible lesions upon direct visualization on endoscopy, one-fourth of these tumors are intramucosal and not readily identified on upper endoscopy. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2021 Mar;27(10):976-989

Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain.

Background: Somatostatin analogues are an established first-line therapy for well differentiated small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (Wd-SBNETs), while and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is frequently used as a second-line therapy. Adequate treatment selection of third-line treatment remains challenging due to the limited prospective data currently available on the best therapeutic sequence.

Aim: To understand current practice and rationale for decision-making by physicians in the 3-line setting by building an online survey. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Mar 28;22:e929618. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

BACKGROUND Hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that originate from fast-growing embryonic mesodermal tissue and have a proliferation of endothelial cells, which manifest themselves in different forms, locations, and dimensions. Owing to its rarity and similarity of symptoms with other chronic bowel diseases, intestinal hemangioma is a differential diagnosis to be considered in patients presenting with symptoms such as abdominal pain and anemia. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman with a history of diffuse abdominal pain and abdominal distension for 20 years presented with a worsening of symptoms in the past year. Read More

Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021 Feb 4;5(2):ytaa550. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) conform a rare type of neoplasm, mostly located in the gastrointestinal tract. They are slow-growing tumours, so at the time of the diagnosis, most patients present with metastatic lesions, mainly in the liver. The myocardium is a rare and important organ for metastasis, in which Ga-Dotatate positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) shows a high diagnostic sensitivity for its detection, contrary to carcinoid valve disease, where anatomic imaging plays a key role, especially the echocardiogram. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2021 17;2021:5525086. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Surgery, District General Hospital Chilaw, Chilaw, Puttalam District, Sri Lanka.

Carcinoid tumours are neuroendocrine tumours which arise from the enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary systems. The presentation of multiple gastrointestinal carcinoids with jejunal intussusception is rare, and the diagnosis may be challenging. A 49-year-old patient with adult onset bronchial asthma presented with pain around the umbilical region for 1-day duration. Read More

Niger Postgrad Med J 2021 Jan-Mar;28(1):22-26

Department of Internal Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. With 5% risk of developing CRC in life, it became the third leading cause of cancer death in developed nations. In Nigeria, it is the most common GI cancer. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2021 3;2021:6620036. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Division of Gastroenterology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University/College of Human Medicine, Southfield, Michigan, USA.

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GINETs) (also known as "carcinoids") are rare tumors with reported incidence of up to 6.98 per 100,000 which has increased significantly due to the increased detection on imaging and endoscopy. They are most commonly located in the small bowel, particularly the terminal ileum. Read More

Clin Lung Cancer 2021 May 17;22(3):161-169. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Department of Medical Oncology.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung represent about 20% to 30% of all neuroendocrine tumors. On the basis of clinical and pathologic characteristics, 2 different categories of tumors may be defined: poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms, characterized by a high rate of recurrences and poor prognosis, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids), which generally display an indolent course. Lung carcinoids represent only 1% to 5% of all lung malignancies, but their incidence has significantly increased over the past 30 years. Read More

JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021 02 29;7(2):151-160. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: This report describes a series of patients with neuroendocrine tumors with or without carcinoid heart disease undergoing catheter ablation at the authors' institution.

Background: Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors are a rare form of neoplasm with the potential for systemic vasoactive effects and cardiac valvular involvement. These tumors can create peri-operative management challenges for the electrophysiologist. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2021 Feb;48(2):257-259

Dept. of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital.

The patient was a 77-year-old woman. She underwent a partial gastrectomy at the age of 40, and a partial colectomy at the age of 75 following a diagnosis of a carcinoid. In November 2019, a 1. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 8;13(1):e12573. Epub 2021 Jan 8.

Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.

The ovaries are a common site of metastasis from a variety of solid organ malignancies. These tumors most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel are unrelenting in their tendency to exhibit this type of distant spread, which poses a challenge for curative treatment. Read More