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    Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome: A Combination of Intracranial Capillary Telangiectasia and Hematencephalon.
    J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Apr 12. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
    Department of Nerve medical center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.
    Eight-and-a-half syndrome, a combination of one-and-a-half syndrome and ipsilateral facial palsy, was first described by Eggenberger in 1998. Intracranial capillary telangiectasia (ICT) is a rare type of latent cerebral vascular malformation characterized by a number of small, dilated, and thin-walled blood capillaries with normal brain tissues between them. Susceptibility weighted imaging is the recommended diagnostic method to detect ICT. Read More
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    Evaluation of dynamic effects of therapy-induced changes in microcirculation after percutaneous treatment of vascular malformations using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and time intensity curve (TIC) analyses.
    Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018 Apr 4. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
    Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany.
    The aim of this follow-up study was to demonstrate the effect of percutaneous interventional treatment on local microcirculation of peripheral vascular malformations using CEUS and TIC analysis.

    Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 197 patients (136 female; 61 male; 3-86 years) with 135 venous (VM), 39 arterio-venous (AVM), 8 lymphatic and 15 veno-lymphatic peripheral vascular malformations before and after the first percutaneous treatment.CEUS was performed after i. Read More
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    Gamma knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: general principles and preliminary results in a Swiss cohort.
    Swiss Med Wkly 2018 Apr 3;148:w14602. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
    University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland / Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Introduction: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a type of vascular malformation characterised by an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. This absence of capillaries generates an elevated pressure (hyperdebit), in both the AVM and the venous drainage, increasing the risk of rupture. Management modalities are: observation, microsurgical clipping, endovascular treatment and radiosurgery. Read More
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    Imaging and Pathologic findings of Hepatic Small Vessel Hemangioma.
    Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2018 Feb 14. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
    Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address:
    Hepatic small vessel hemangioma represents a distinct yet very rare pathologic entity of the liver. The entity has also been in the past referred to as adult capillary hemangioma of the liver and congenital noninvoluting hemangioma. Imaging findings are not definitive and biopsy or resection is ultimately necessary. Read More
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    Vitamin B Nicotinamide: A Promising Candidate for Treating Preeclampsia and Improving Fetal Growth.
    Tohoku J Exp Med 2018 03;244(3):243-248
    Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University.
    Up to 8% of pregnant women suffer from preeclampsia (PE), a deadly disease characterized by high blood pressure (BP), blood vessel damage, called endotheliosis (vascular endothelial swelling with narrowing of capillary lumen), and high levels of protein in the urine. PE is often associated with premature delivery, which is a risk factor of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases among the offspring. Accordingly, establishing drug treatments of PE is in immediate needs. Read More
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    Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation Assessment Using Swept-Source OCT Angiography.
    Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Mar;49(3):216-219
    Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) is a promising new imaging modality for assessing retinal and choroidal vasculature. Faster scanning speed, large number of A-scan acquisition, and enhanced depth penetration has enhanced the detailed analysis of retinal layers. The authors discuss SS-OCTA features of a rare case of retinal arteriovenous malformation. Read More
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    In vitro efficacy of ARQ 092, an allosteric AKT inhibitor, on primary fibroblast cells derived from patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS).
    Neurogenetics 2018 Mar 16. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
    Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, Bari, Italy.
    Postzygotic mutations of the PIK3CA [phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha] gene constitutively activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) patients, causing congenital mosaic tissue overgrowth that even multiple surgeries cannot solve. mTOR inhibitors are empirically tested and given for compassionate use in these patients. PROS patients could be ideal candidates for enrolment in trials with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors, considering the "clean" cellular setting in which a unique driver, a PIK3CA mutation, is present. Read More
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    Congenital Retinal Macrovessel and the Association of Retinal Venous Malformations With Venous Malformations of the Brain.
    JAMA Ophthalmol 2018 Apr;136(4):372-379
    Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles.
    Importance: Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is a rarely reported venous malformation of the retina that is associated with venous anomalies of the brain.

    Objective: To study the multimodal imaging findings of a series of eyes with congenital retinal macrovessel and describe the systemic associations.

    Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, medical records were retrospectively reviewed from 7 different retina clinics worldwide over a 10-year period (2007-2017). Read More
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    Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)-related overgrowth spectrum: A brief report.
    Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Mar 1. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    A patient with extensive multisystem overgrowth caused by a somatic gain of function PIK3CA-mutation is described. This case is an example of the clinical diversity of the PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS) as the patient had overlapping features of Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth Vascular malformations Epidermal nevi and Skeletal abnormalities (CLOVES) syndrome and Megalencephaly-Capillary malformation Polymicrogyria (MCAP) syndrome and underlines the utility of this umbrella term. Read More
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    A child with Apert syndrome and Sturge-Weber syndrome: could fibronectin or the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway be the connection?
    Childs Nerv Syst 2018 Feb 23. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
    Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
    Background: Apert syndrome is one of the most common craniosynostosis syndrome caused by mutation in genes encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and syndactyly/symphalangism are features of this syndrome. Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) on the other hand is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by facial port-wine stains (PWSs) and leptomeningeal vascular capillary malformations. Read More
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    Painless Urethral Bleeding During Penile Erection in an Adult Man With Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A Case Report.
    Sex Med 2018 Feb 13. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
    Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
    Introduction: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by a triad of cutaneous port wine capillary malformations, varicose veins, and hemihypertrophy of bone and soft tissues.

    Aims: To report on a rare case of KTS in an adult man manifested by painless urethral bleeding during penile erection briefly review the clinical presentation and management of the genitourinary forms of this syndrome.

    Methods: On presentation, the clinical features of this patient, including medical history, signs and symptoms, and imaging examinations, were recorded. Read More
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    CLAPO syndrome: identification of somatic activating PIK3CA mutations and delineation of the natural history and phenotype.
    Genet Med 2018 Feb 15. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
    Vascular Malformations Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, INGEMM-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
    PurposeCLAPO syndrome is a rare vascular disorder characterized by capillary malformation of the lower lip, lymphatic malformation predominant on the face and neck, asymmetry, and partial/generalized overgrowth. Here we tested the hypothesis that, although the genetic cause is not known, the tissue distribution of the clinical manifestations in CLAPO seems to follow a pattern of somatic mosaicism.MethodsWe clinically evaluated a cohort of 13 patients with CLAPO and screened 20 DNA blood/tissue samples from 9 patients using high-throughput, deep sequencing. Read More
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    Loss of function mutations in EPHB4 are responsible for vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation.
    Brain 2018 Apr;141(4):979-988
    Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR-1169 and University Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France.
    See Meschia (doi:10.1093/brain/awy066) for a scientific commentary on this article.Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a congenital anomaly of the cerebral vasculature representing 30% of all paediatric vascular malformations. Read More
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    Zic Family Proteins in Emerging Biomedical Studies.
    Adv Exp Med Biol 2018 ;1046:233-248
    Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
    Zic family proteins have been investigated in various biomedical studies. Here we summarize the contact points between Zic proteins and recent medical research. The topics cover a wide range, reflecting the pleiotropic roles of these proteins in early embryogenesis and organogenesis. Read More
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    Vascular malformations: classification, diagnosis and treatment.
    Int Angiol 2018 Apr 8;37(2):127-142. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
    Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
    Introduction: Vascular malformations are congenital lesions with complex clinical presentations and management. Their classification and treatment options have considerably changed throughout the years, with conflicting evidence in the literature. In this article, we aim to review the classification, diagnosis and treatment of the main vascular malformations. Read More
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    Vascular Anomalies (Part II): Interventional Therapy of Peripheral Vascular Malformations.
    Rofo 2018 Feb 7. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
    Department for Radiology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
    Background:  The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) categorizes vascular anomalies into vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations are further divided into slow-flow (venous, lymphatic, and capillary malformation) and fast-flow malformations (arteriovenous malformation and arteriovenous fistula). This interdisciplinary classification has therapeutic implications. Read More
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    Analysis of quality of life and influencing factors in 197 Chinese patients with port-wine stains.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(51):e9446
    Department of Dermatology.
    Port-wine stains (PWS) are congenital capillary malformations, usually occurring on the face, neck, and other exposed parts of the skin, that have serious psychological and social impact on the patient. Most researchers focus on the treatment of PWS, but the quality of life (QoL) of PWS patients is seldom researched. The objective of this study is to evaluate the QoL of patients with PWS on exposed parts and explore the factors influencing the QoL of PWS patients. Read More
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    Superior vena cava syndrome secondary to recurrent coronary artery fistula: A case report and literature review.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(51):e9111
    Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chang Sha, China.
    Rationale: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is characterized by an abnormal communication of a coronary artery with a cardiac chamber or a great vessel bypassing the capillary bed. Surgical closure of large or symptomatic CAF is the gold standard treatment. However the previously closed CAF still has the possibility to reopen. Read More
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    Prospective analysis of the port-wine stain patient population in the Netherlands in light of novel treatment modalities.
    J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018 Apr 31;20(2):77-84. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
    a Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
    Background: Pulsed dye laser is the gold standard for port-wine stain (PWS) treatment. However, pulsed dye lasers achieve suboptimal clinical results in a majority of patients. Patient demand for novel therapies and willingness to participate in clinical studies is currently unknown, yet, imperative for steering R&D activity. Read More
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    Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with cryptorchidism, recurrent pneumothorax, and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis-like foci: A case report.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Nov;96(47):e8853
    Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine.
    Rationale: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited collagen disorder caused by defects or deficiency of pro-alpha 1 chain of type III procollagen encoded by COL3A1. vEDS is characterized not only by soft tissue manifestations including hyperextensibility of skin and joint hypermobility but also by early mortality due to rupture of arteries or vital organs. Although pulmonary complications are not common, vEDS cases complicated by pneumothorax, hemothorax, or intrapulmonary hematoma have been reported. Read More
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    Pulmonary vascular development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
    Eur Respir Rev 2018 Mar 24;27(147). Epub 2018 Jan 24.
    Dept of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly characterised by a diaphragmatic defect, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) and lung hypoplasia. The relative contribution of these three elements can vary considerably in individual patients. Most affected children suffer primarily from the associated PH, for which the therapeutic modalities are limited and frequently not evidence based. Read More
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    Human genetics and molecular mechanisms of vein of Galen malformation.
    J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018 Apr 19;21(4):367-374. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
    Department of Neurosurgery.
    Vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs) are rare developmental cerebrovascular lesions characterized by fistulas between the choroidal circulation and the median prosencephalic vein. Although the treatment of VOGMs has greatly benefited from advances in endovascular therapy, including technical innovation in interventional neuroradiology, many patients are recalcitrant to procedural intervention or lack accessibility to specialized care centers, highlighting the need for improved screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics. A fundamental obstacle to identifying novel targets is the limited understanding of VOGM molecular pathophysiology, including its human genetics, and the lack of an adequate VOGM animal model. Read More
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    [Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis cesioflammea: a case report].
    Arch Argent Pediatr 2018 Feb;116(1):e121-e124
    Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
    Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a syndrome characterized by the association of a vascular nevus with a congenital pigmented lesion (epidermal nevus, nevus spilus, and dermal melanocytosis). There are different types of PPV according to the pigmentary nevus associated with the vascular malformation. Patients may present only the cutaneous condition or have systemic manifestations, among them, trauma, neurological and ophthalmological disorders. Read More
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    Giant congenital melanocytic nevus with vascular malformation and epidermal cysts associated with a somatic activating mutation in BRAF.
    Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018 May 29;31(3):437-441. Epub 2018 Jan 29.
    Dermatological Group Practice, Lübeck, Germany.
    Giant congenital melanocytic nevi may be symptomatically isolated or syndromic. Associations with capillary malformations are exceptional, and development of epidermal cysts has not been described. A 71-year-old patient with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) of the lower back, buttocks, and thighs was asymptomatic except for unexpected hemorrhage during partial surgical excision years before. Read More
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    De Novo Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
    World Neurosurg 2018 Mar 30;111:341-345. Epub 2017 Dec 30.
    Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Electronic address:
    Background: An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) consists of a pathologic arteriovenous shunt formed from a tangle of vessels lacking a capillary bed. AVMs were previously accepted as congenital in nature; however, an increase in the number of reported de novo cerebral AVMs challenges the assertion that all AVMs develop in utero hence, the possibility of these lesions presenting postnatally cannot be excluded. A review of literature revealed 31 published cases of de novo AVM formation between 1996 and 2017. Read More
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    Combined approach to management of periocular arteriovenous malformation by interventional radiology and surgical excision.
    Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 01;66(1):151-154
    Department of Interventional Radiology, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Periorbital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions that may cause significant morbidity such as amblyopia, cosmetic disfigurement, or chronic pain. Due to the rarity of these lesions, they are frequently misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately. We managed a 6-year-old girl with preseptal AVM by endovascular embolization followed by complete surgical excision after 2 days. Read More
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    Incidental branch retinal artery occlusion on optical coherence tomography angiography presenting as segmental optic atrophy in a child: a case report.
    BMC Ophthalmol 2017 Dec 19;17(1):256. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
    Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Medical Center, 121, Junggu-ro, Jung-gu, Busan, 48972, South Korea.
    Background: Retinal artery occlusion is extremely rare in the pediatric population and most patients have risk factors. We report a case of a healthy child with segmental optic atrophy, complicated by incidental branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO).

    Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy who had a history of his mother's gestational diabetes presented with an inferonasal visual field defect in the left eye. Read More
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    Endoscopic Treatment for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: Current Options.
    GE Port J Gastroenterol 2017 Jul 21;24(4):176-182. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
    Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a capillary-type vascular malformation located primarily in the gastric antrum. Patients can present with iron-deficiency anemia, overt gastrointestinal bleeding, or both. Diagnosis and characterization is made at endoscopic examination, and the preferred management of patients with GAVE is endoscopic therapy. Read More
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    Inhibiting DPP4 in a mouse model of HHT1 results in a shift towards regenerative macrophages and reduces fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
    PLoS One 2017 18;12(12):e0189805. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
    Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    Aims: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type-1 (HHT1) is a genetic vascular disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the TGFβ co-receptor endoglin. Dysfunctional homing of HHT1 mononuclear cells (MNCs) towards the infarcted myocardium hampers cardiac recovery. HHT1-MNCs have elevated expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4/CD26), which inhibits recruitment of CXCR4-expressing MNCs by inactivation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1). Read More
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    Combined capillary-venous-lymphatic malformations without overgrowth in patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome.
    J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018 Mar 8;6(2):230-236. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
    Paediatric Surgery Division, La Paz Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
    Objective: Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is described in the literature as a complex syndrome characterized by various combinations of capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations associated with limb overgrowth. In the first description by Maurice Klippel and Paul Trénaunay, tridimensional bone hypertrophy was believed to be the cause of limb enlargement. The purpose of this study was primarily to assess the presence of real bone hypertrophy as a cause of enlargement of the limb and to underline the rare presence of undergrowth of the affected limb in patients with KTS. Read More
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    Capillary Malformations (Portwine Stains) of the Head and Neck: Natural History, Investigations, Laser, and Surgical Management.
    Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2018 Feb;51(1):197-211
    Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
    Capillary malformations (CMs), also known as port-wine stains, are the most common type of congenital vascular malformations. Facial CM often occurs with a quasidermatomal distribution according to the sensory trigeminal nerve distribution. With time, these lesions darken progressively, and soft tissue hypertrophy, bony hypertrophy, and/or nodule formation can develop. Read More
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    A cross-sectional survey of long-term outcomes for patients with diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth.
    J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 May 1;78(5):1023-1025. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
    Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:
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    Histologic Evaluation of Explanted Tissue-Engineered Bovine Pericardium (CardioCel).
    Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017 Autumn;29(3):356-363. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
    Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Services, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address:
    CardioCel is a bovine pericardium that is subjected to a novel anticalcification tissue-engineering process. We present the histopathologic findings of human explants of CardioCel that were used in operations for congenital heart disease in children. Six explants were identified from 140 patients undergoing CardioCel implants from October 2012 to March 2015. Read More
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    Focal neurons: another source of vascular endothelial growth factor in brain arteriovenous malformation tissues?
    Neurol Res 2018 Feb 30;40(2):122-129. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
    a Department of Neurosurgery , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China.
    Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are devastating, hemorrhage-prone, cerebrovascular entities characterized by well-defined feeding arteries, draining veins, and the absence of a capillary bed. The endothelial cells that comprise bAVMs exhibit a loss of arterial and venous specification. The role of abnormal angiogenesis in the formation and progression of bAVMs is still unclear. Read More
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    Capillary Malformations Treated With Sequential Pulsed Dye and Nd:YAG Laser Therapy: A Retrospective Study.
    Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Mar 26;109(2):155-161. Epub 2017 Nov 26.
    Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
    Introduction And Objective: Capillary malformations are the most common vascular malformations in childhood. The current treatment of choice is pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, but this frequently does not result in complete resolution. The search for alternative treatment strategies thus continues. Read More
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    Clinical and genetic findings in children with central nervous system arteriovenous fistulas.
    Ann Neurol 2017 Dec 12;82(6):972-980. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
    Department of genetics, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    Objective: To assess the spectrum of genetic anomalies in a cohort of children presenting at least one cerebral or spinal pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and to describe their clinical characteristics.

    Methods: From 1988 to 2016, all consecutive patients with at least one cerebral or spinal pial AVF were screened for genetic disease. All patients aged <18 years were included. Read More
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    Port-Wine Stains: A Focused Review on Their Management.
    J Drugs Dermatol 2017 Nov;16(11):1145-1151

    Port-wine stain (PWS) is the second most common congenital vascular malformation characterized as ectatic capillaries and venules in the dermis that clinically appears as a deep red to purple patch on the skin. Typically, PWS progressively darken and may become hypertrophic or nodular without treatment. There are several treatment options available for PWS from topical antiangiogenic agents to laser therapies. Read More

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    A coronary artery fistula having connection between 2 coronary arteries and the left ventricle: A case report.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Nov;96(45):e8546
    Division of Cardiology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
    Rationale: Cases of coronary artery fistula having a connection with the cardiac cavity are rare. Here, we report a case in which 2 coronary arteries empty into the left ventricular cavity together.

    Patient Concerns: A 63-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having hypertension 20 years prior presented with dyspnea. Read More
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    RASA1 mutation in a family with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: A discussion of the differential diagnosis.
    Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Jan 9;35(1):e9-e12. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
    Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
    We describe a family who presented with several scattered, vascular, cutaneous lesions and was found to have a novel mutation in RASA1, diagnostic of capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome. Our patient was initially given a presumptive clinical diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome shares several features with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and hereditary benign telangiectasia, but it can be distinguished clinically according to its morphologic appearance and distribution of cutaneous vascular lesions, the presence of internal fast-flow lesions, and genetic analysis. Read More
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    In vitro characteristics of endothelial cells prepared from human cerebral arteriovenous malformation lesions using a novel method.
    Microvasc Res 2018 Mar 28;116:57-63. Epub 2017 Oct 28.
    Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Stroke Center, Beijing, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Basic Medical Science Department, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmanwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University, No. 1, Life Garden Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
    Background And Purpose: The cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a usual and continually unaware reason of heamorrhage and seizure. It contains of feeder arteries, drain veins and abnormal vessel nets. However, pathologic mechanisms of the development of cAVM are unknown. Read More
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    Search for RASA1 Variants in Capillary Malformations of the Legs in 113 Children: Results from the French National Paediatric Cohort CONAPE.
    Acta Derm Venereol 2018 Feb;98(2):251-255
    Department of Dermatology, CHRU Tours, Hospital Trousseau, Avenue de la République, FR-37044, Tours Cedex 9, France.
    Patients with an inherited autosomal-dominant disorder, capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM), frequently have mutations in Ras P21 protein activator 1 (RASA1). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of germline RASA1 variants in a French multicentre national cohort of children, age range 2-12 years, with sporadic occurrence of capillary malformation (CM) of the legs, whatever the associated abnormalities, and to identify genotype-phenotype correlates. DNA was extracted from leukocytes in blood samples, purified and amplified, and all exons of the RASA1 gene were analysed. Read More
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    The Expanded Spectrum of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex.
    Am J Ophthalmol 2017 Dec 27;184:137-146. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
    Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:
    Purpose: To expand our understanding of the uncommon entity, referred to as perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) by describing multimodal imaging findings, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

    Design: Retrospective cohort study.

    Methods: Patients diagnosed with PEVAC were identified at 4 retina referral centers worldwide and underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including structural OCT, OCT-A, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Read More
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    Antiepileptic Treatment Strategy in Vascular Malformations.
    Curr Pharm Des 2017 ;23(42):6454-6463
    Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital "Aghia Sofia", Athens, Greece.
    Background: Antiepileptic treatment strategy plays an important role in the management of intracranial vascular malformations. The intracranial vascular malformations can be divided into cavernous hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations, developmental venous anomalies and capillary telangiectasias. Seizures and hemorrhage are among their most common clinical manifestations. Read More
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    Somatic second hit mutation of RASA1 in vascular endothelial cells in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation.
    Eur J Med Genet 2018 Jan 9;61(1):11-16. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA. Electronic address:
    Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder that is associated with inherited inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene in the majority of cases. Characteristically, patients exhibit one or more focal cutaneous CM that may occur alone or together with AVM, arteriovenous fistulas or lymphatic vessel abnormalities. The focal nature and varying presentation of lesions has led to the hypothesis that somatic "second hit" inactivating mutations of RASA1 are necessary for disease development. Read More
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    Pulmonary hypertension subtypes associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: Haemodynamic profiles and survival probability.
    PLoS One 2017 5;12(10):e0184227. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
    Service de Médecine interne, CHRU de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
    Background: Different pulmonary hypertension (PH) mechanisms are associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

    Methods And Results: We conducted a retrospective study of all suspected cases of PH (echocardiographically estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP] ≥ 40 mmHg) in patients with definite HHT recorded in the French National Reference Centre for HHT database. When right heart catheterization (RHC) was performed, PH cases were confirmed and classified among the PH groups according to the European guidelines. Read More
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    Echocardiographic Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Neonates and Children.
    Front Pediatr 2017 15;5:201. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
    Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Hemodynamic instability and inadequate cardiac performance are common in critically ill children. The clinical assessment of hemodynamic status is reliant upon physical examination supported by the clinical signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, and measurement of the urine output and serum lactate. Unfortunately, all of these parameters are surrogate markers of cardiovascular well-being and they provide limited direct information regarding the adequacy of blood flow and tissue perfusion. Read More
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    Angioarchitecture of Hereditary Arteriovenous Malformations.
    Semin Intervent Radiol 2017 Sep 11;34(3):250-257. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
    Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
    This article describes three hereditary conditions known to be associated with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), along with their clinical and imaging features and angiographic angioarchitecture. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, capillary malformation-AVM (CM-AVM), and PTEN tumor hamartoma syndrome are conditions with autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutations in different molecular pathways, which frequently present with symptomatic AVMs. Imaging biomarkers, including sites of predilection, angioarchitecture, and tissue overgrowth patterns, are helpful in identifying these patients and selecting appropriate treatment. Read More
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