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Sci Rep 2020 Jun 25;10(1):10327. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.

Candida albicans is a major cause of human infections, ranging from relatively simple to treat skin and mucosal diseases to systemic life-threatening invasive candidiasis. Fungal infections treatment faces three major challenges: the limited number of therapeutic options, the toxicity of the available drugs, and the rise of antifungal resistance. In this study, we demonstrate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of peptides ToAP2 and NDBP-5. Read More

Microb Pathog 2020 Jun 23;149:104285. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) prevents binding of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) to RANK. Recent studies have reported that immune cell RANK-RANKL interactions are critical to the infection process. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and a common cause of candidiasis. Read More

Microb Cell Fact 2020 Jun 18;19(1):133. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 28;11:967. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Infectious and Pediatric Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) characterized by persistent and recurrent Candida infection of the skin, nails, and the mucosa membranes has been proposed as the major infectious phenotype in patients with gain-of-function mutation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) 1. However, viral infections caused mostly by herpesviruses, and a broad range of autoimmune disorders may also be part of the clinical phenotype. We report here on a 31 years old female patient suffering from severe mucosal aphthous mucositis and ulcers and recurrent herpes simplex for decades. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2020 Jun 9;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA.

can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of sp., with being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Jun 8. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil. Electronic address:

Some oral manifestations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is still a question about whether these lesions are due to coronavirus infection or secondary manifestations resulting from the patient's systemic condition. Thus, this article aims to report an additional case of the oral conditions in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19. Read More

Med Mycol 2020 Jun 11. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Candidiasis is characterized by susceptibility to recurrent or persistent infections caused by Candida spp., typically Candida albicans, of cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. In this report, function and frequency of Th17 cells as well as genetics of patients susceptible to mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied. Read More

Sci Immunol 2020 06;5(48)

Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC; thrush) is an opportunistic infection caused by the commensal fungus Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 are cytokines produced by type 17 lymphocytes. Both cytokines mediate antifungal immunity yet activate quite distinct downstream signaling pathways. While much is now understood about how IL-17 promotes immunity in OPC, the activities of IL-22 are far less well delineated. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 8;11:838. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is caused by recessive mutations in the gene. The hallmark of the disease is the production of highly neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons and IL-22. Considering the importance of IL-22 in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and shaping its microbial community, we sought to study potential changes in the oral cavity in this model of human IL-22 paucity. Read More

Mucosal Immunol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.

This most comprehensive analysis to date of γδ T cells in the murine uterus reveals them to compose a unique local T-cell compartment. Consistent with earlier reports, most cells expressed a canonical Vγ6Vδ1 TCR, and produced interleukin (IL)-17A upon stimulation. Nonetheless, contrasting with earlier reports, uterine γδ T cells were not obviously intraepithelial, being more akin to sub-epithelial Vγ6Vδ1 T cells at several other anatomical sites. Read More

Med Mycol 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 9301.

Although Candida albicans remains the main cause of candidiasis, in recent years a significant number of infections has been attributed to non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, including Candida krusei. This epidemiological change can be partly explained by the increased resistance of NAC species to antifungal drugs. C. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 24;11:511. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.

Background And Purpose: is the major fungal species associated with superficial mucosal infections such as oral candidiasis as well as systemic mycoses with high morbidity and mortality. On top of the rising drug resistance, currently available antifungal agents have significant adverse effects. Nephrotoxicity is the major treatment complication associated with antifungal agents. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 10;21(7). Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.

In the absence of proper immunity, such as in the case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, , the most common human fungal pathogen, may cause mucosal and even life-threatening systemic infections. P-113 (AKRHHGYKRKFH), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5, shows good safety and efficacy profiles in gingivitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with oral candidiasis. However, little is known about how P-113 interacts with or its degradation by -secreted proteases that contribute to the fungi's resistance. Read More

Virulence 2020 12;11(1):337-348

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

In the last decades, has served as the leading causal agent of life-threatening invasive infections with mortality rates approaching 40% despite treatment. exists in three biological phases: yeast, pseudohyphae, and hyphae. Hyphae, which represent an important phase in the disease process, can cause tissue damage by invading mucosal epithelial cells then leading to blood infection. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020 Jan;45(2):361-366

School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China.

To investigate the effects of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) on neutrophil chemotaxis in vaginal mucosa of mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC). Seventy-two SPF female Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, fluconazole group, BAEB low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group. Subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate was conducted to induce pseudo-estrus, and then 2×10~6 CFU·mL~(-1)of Candida albicans was inoculated into vaginal lumen, followed by drug treatment for 7 days. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jun 28;277(6):1575-1591. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University in Wroclaw, Borowska 213 Street, 50556, Wroclaw, Poland.

Purpose: Otorhinolaryngological abnormalities are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment. The main aim of this study was to provide a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding CKD and its treatment-related influence on head and neck organs.

Methods: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms "chronic kidney disease", "kidney transplantation", "immunosuppression", "dialysis" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation". Read More

J Exp Med 2020 Jun;217(6)

Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Paris, France.

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is typically caused by dominant-negative (DN) STAT3 mutations. Patients suffer from cold staphylococcal lesions and mucocutaneous candidiasis, severe allergy, and skeletal abnormalities. We report 12 patients from 8 unrelated kindreds with AD-HIES due to DN IL6ST mutations. Read More

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020 May 7;110:110635. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Pharmaceutical sciences research center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address:

Candidiasis is the origin of several chronic diseases and causes a wide range of symptoms from mucosal to systemic and deadly infections. Vaginal patches are one of the best drug delivery systems for the treatment of fungal infections in the vaginal environment, so a mucoadhesive film containing drugs such as clotrimazole and metronidazole is commercially available for patients. In the present study, a physicochemical comparison is made between clotrimazole loaded film and nanofiber fabricated with the new hybrid mucoadhesive formulation of dextran and alginate. Read More

APMIS 2020 May 27;128(5):401-405. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Oral Pathology and Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The aim was to investigate oral health in randomly selected patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data obtained by structured interview (self-reported lifestyle, oral symptoms and regularity of dental visits) and oral examination of patients with CKD from the Copenhagen University Hospital. Fourteen patients with CKD were screened. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Mar 20;10(1):5113. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus in humans, mostly found on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, gut, vagina and skin. Incidence of ever increasing invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, alarming occurrence of antifungal resistance and insufficient diagnostic methods demand more focused research into C. albicans pathogenicity. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2020 Mar 11;6(1). Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Disease is a complex outcome that can occur as a result of pathogen-mediated damage, host-mediated damage or both. This has led to the revolutionary concept of the damage response framework (DRF) that defines microbial virulence as a function of host immunity. The DRF outlines six scenarios (classes) of host damage or beneficial outcomes, depending on the microbe and the strength of the immune response. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2019 Oct;11(5):357-362

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Oral mucosal infections are an important type of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of oral mucosal infectious lesions in patients who referred to Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School, Iran during 11 years.

Materials And Methods: In this cross sectional study, records of all patients who referred to Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School from September 2007 to January 2018 were assessed and those data sheets which their definitive diagnosis were a kind of oral mucosal infectious lesion were recorded. Read More

Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2020 Apr 7. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Oral mucosa is the target tissue for many microorganisms involved in periodontitis and other infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity. Three-dimensional (3D) and oral mucosa equivalents have been used for oral disease modeling and investigation of the mechanisms of oral bacterial and fungal infections. This review was conducted to analyze different studies using 3D oral mucosa models for the evaluation of the interactions of different microorganisms with oral mucosa. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2020 Aug 18;82:104253. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a vaginal mucosal infection that usually infects women in their reproductive age. When the signs of VVC persist on a daily basis or last for a long time and repeat at least three times per year, the disease is considered chronic and recurrent.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the expression rate of 2 genes responsible for adhesion and virulence of candida in RVVC patients using Real-time PCR, and comparing them together and assess the presence or absence of ALS9-2 allele in these patients. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2020 Feb 10;6(1). Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

Fungal infections and, in particular, those caused by species of the genus, are growing at an alarming rate and have high associated rates of mortality and morbidity. These infections, generally referred as candidiasis, range from common superficial rushes caused by an overgrowth of the yeasts in mucosal surfaces to life-threatening disseminated mycoses. The success of currently used antifungal drugs to treat candidiasis is being endangered by the continuous emergence of resistant strains, specially among non-albicans species. Read More

Microorganisms 2020 Jan 21;8(2). Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a widespread vaginal infection primarily caused by VVC affects up to 75% of women of childbearing age once in their life, and up to 9% of women in different populations experience more than three episodes per year, which is defined as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). RVVC results in diminished quality of life as well as increased associated healthcare costs. For a long time, VVC has been considered the outcome of inadequate host defenses against colonization, as in the case of primary immunodeficiencies associated with persistent fungal infections and insufficient clearance. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2020 Jan 16;6(1). Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as "thrush," is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, , is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jan 10. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Department of Microbiology, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0, EA 2656), 14000 Caen, France. Electronic address:

Background: Severe Hurley stage 1 Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS1) is a difficult to treat form of the disease.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and tolerance of the oral combination of rifampin (10 mg/kg once daily) - moxifloxacin (400 mg once daily) - metronidazole (250 to 500 mg t.i. Read More

PLoS One 2020 8;15(1):e0224359. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

CONRAD, Arlington, VA, United States of America.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginal dysbiosis (disturbed resident microbiota presenting with abnormal Nugent score or candidiasis) have been associated with mucosal inflammation and risk of HIV-1 infection, cancer and poor reproductive outcomes. To date, the temporal relationships between aberrant cervical innate immunity and the clinical onset of microbial disturbance have not been studied in a large population of reproductive age women. We examined data from a longitudinal cohort of 934 Ugandan and Zimbabwean women contributing 3,274 HIV-negative visits who had complete laboratory, clinical and demographic data. Read More

Sci Immunol 2020 01;5(43)

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

The oral mucosa is a primary barrier site and a portal for entry of microbes, food, and airborne particles into the gastrointestinal tract. Nonetheless, mucosal immunity at this barrier remains understudied compared with other anatomical barrier sites. Here, we review basic aspects of oral mucosal histology, the oral microbiome, and common and clinically significant diseases that present at oral mucosal barriers. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 26;10:2703. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1, CD66a) is a receptor for It is crucial for the immune response of intestinal epithelial cells to this opportunistic pathogen. Moreover, CEACAM1 is of importance for the mucosal colonization by different bacterial pathogens. We therefore studied the influence of the human CEACAM1 receptor in human CEACAM1-transgenic mice on the colonization and infection utilizing a colonization/dissemination and a systemic infection mouse model. Read More

J Infect Dis 2020 Apr;221(9):1554-1563

Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Candida albicans, a ubiquitous commensal fungus that colonizes human mucosal tissues and skin, can become pathogenic, clinically manifesting most commonly as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Studies in mice and humans convincingly show that T-helper 17 (Th17)/interleukin 17 (IL-17)-driven immunity is essential to control oral and dermal candidiasis. However, the role of the IL-17 pathway during VVC remains controversial, with conflicting reports from human data and mouse models. Read More

Sci Immunol 2019 11;4(41)

St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Genetic etiologies of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) disrupt human IL-17A/F-dependent immunity at mucosal surfaces, whereas those of connective tissue disorders (CTDs) often impair the TGF-β-dependent homeostasis of connective tissues. The signaling pathways involved are incompletely understood. We report a three-generation family with an autosomal dominant (AD) combination of CMC and a previously undescribed form of CTD that clinically overlaps with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Read More

Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 20;2019:3585136. Epub 2019 Oct 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the second most susceptible to candida infection, only after the oropharynx. Immunocompromised patients are most at risk, including patients with HIV/AIDS, leukemia, diabetics, and those who are receiving corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2019 ;19(28):2593-2609

Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.

Background: Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Dec 6;11(50):46591-46603. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

Faculty of Dentistry , The University of Hong Kong , 34 Hospital Road , Hong Kong SAR , China.

Oral candidiasis as a highly prevalent and recurrent infection in medically compromised individuals is mainly caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen . This epithelial infection, if not controlled effectively, can progress to life-threatening systemic conditions and complications. The efficacy of current frontline antifungals is limited due to their poor bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Read More

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020 Jan 31;20:13-18. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.

Background And Purpose: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) is a risk factor for oral candidiasis (OC). As spp. are highly virulent, we conducted a retrospective study to determine whether OC increases the severity of dysphagia related to mucositis in HNC patients. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2019 ;1197:69-78

Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen colonizing the oropharyngeal, esophageal, and gastrointestinal mucosa in most healthy humans. In immunocompromised hosts, this fungal organism can cause mucosal candidiasis in these sites. C. Read More

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020 May 13;108(4):1636-1654. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Medicinal, Aromatic and Economic Plants Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India.

Evaluation of mucosal permeation of stigmasterol from the glutaraldehyde cross linked chitosan microspheres at increasing experimental temperatures was performed. The activation energy of permeation, partition, and diffusion were estimated to understand the permeation kinetic with respect to the temperature. The formulation depicting least activation energy possessed the increased permeation thresholds of drug at the site of application. Read More

Microbiol Res 2020 Jan 18;231:126351. Epub 2019 Oct 18.

Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

The ability of yeast to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces represents an essential trait during the early stages of infection. Agglutinin-like sequence (Als) cell-wall proteins play a key role in adhesion of Candida species. Candida parapsilosis genome encompasses 5 ALS members, of which only the role of CPAR2_404800 has been elucidated. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2019 2;33:280. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Gastroenterology Department, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.

Esophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by multiple pseudodiverticula with segmental or diffuse involvement of the esophagus. We report, the case of a 78-year-old male who suffered from severe dysphagia. Read More

Clin Exp Dent Res 2019 10 21;5(5):580-582. Epub 2019 Jul 21.

Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences University of Oulu Oulu Finland.

Objectives: Neonatal thrush, also called oral candidiasis, is commonly a clinical diagnosis based on white patches on oral mucosal surfaces. Candida albicans is often associated with it. This clinical study aimed to investigate the presence of C. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 11;10:2364. Epub 2019 Oct 11.

Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal infection caused by spp., most frequently by , which may become recurrent and severely impacting the quality of life of susceptible women. Although it is increasingly being recognized that mucosal damage is mediated by an exaggerated inflammatory response, current therapeutic approaches are only based on antifungals that may relieve the symptomatology, but fail to definitely prevent recurrences. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2019 ;19(28):2579-2592

Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow -226015 (U.P.), India.

Background: Human infections associated with skin and mucosal surfaces, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. During the last decade, there have been an increasing numbers of cases of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, coupled with an increase in the number of incidences of drug resistance and toxicity to anti fungal agents. Hence, there is a dire need for safe, potent and affordable new antifungal drugs for the efficient management of candidal infections with minimum or no side effects. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2019 ;19(28):2554-2566

Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Pue, 72570, Mexico.

Background: Candida species are in various parts of the human body as commensals. However, they can cause local mucosal infections and, sometimes, systemic infections in which Candida species can spread to all major organs and colonize them.

Objective: For the effective treatment of the mucosal infections and systemic life-threatening fungal diseases, a considerably large number of antifungal drugs have been developed and used for clinical purposes that comprise agents from four main drug classes: the polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, and antimetabolites. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 02;84(2):173-177

From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Purpose: This study was carried out to characterize the clinical and histological changes in the cutaneous portion of the transferred pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps used in intraoral reconstruction in patients with head and neck malignancy.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from July 2016 to 2018. All patients underwent ablative surgery for oropharyngeal cancers and primary reconstruction with pedicled pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2020 Feb;75(2):257-270

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast and the major human fungal pathogen in the USA, as well as in many other regions of the world. Infections with C. albicans can range from superficial mucosal and dermatological infections to life-threatening infections of the bloodstream and vital organs. Read More

Oral Dis 2020 Jan 11;26(1):89-95. Epub 2019 Nov 11.

College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical advices pharmacists would give to patients who present with various oral mucosal lesions.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and twenty pharmacists in three major cities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were approached by senior dental students acting as mystery shoppers. Pharmacists were shown an image of one of four oral mucosal lesions representing candidosis, aphthous ulcer, erosive lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2019 Sep 21;5(4). Epub 2019 Sep 21.

Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, CT 06030, USA.

As more information emerges on oral microbiota using advanced sequencing methodologies, it is imperative to examine how organisms modulate the capacity of each other to colonize or trigger infection. Most mouse models of oral infection have focused on interactions with single bacterial species. Thus, little is known about the microbiome-mediated interactions that control the switch of from commensalism to infection. Read More

Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020 ;21(3):313-323

Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.

Fungal diseases are severe and have very high morbidity as well as up to 60% mortality for patients diagnosed with invasive fungal infection. In this review, in vitro and in vivo studies provided us with the insight into the role of Candida virulence factors that mediate their success as pathogens, such as: membrane and cell wall (CW) barriers, dimorphism, biofilm formation, signal transduction pathway, proteins related to stress tolerance, hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. Read More