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    Blind esophageal brushing offers a safe and accurate method to monitor inflammation in children and young adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.
    Dis Esophagus 2018 Jun 14. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
    Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition.
    Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) require frequent evaluation of mucosal inflammation via endoscopy. Instead of endoscopy, mucosal evaluation in adults with esophageal cancer and candidiasis is achieved using a cytology brush inserted through a nasogastric tube (NGT). We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in children and young adults scheduled for routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) where in Phase 1, we performed esophageal brushing through the endoscope under direct visualization and in Phase 2, we inserted the brush through a Cortrak® NGT prior to endoscopy. Read More
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    Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis With Swallowed Topical Steroids Alters Disease Course Over A 5-Year Follow-Up Period in Adult Patients.
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Jun 11. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
    Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Background & Aims: Although swallowed topical corticosteroids (STCs) are effective in inducing remission of active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), there are few data on maintenance of long-term remission. We evaluated the long-term effectiveness of STC therapy for adults with EoE.

    Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the Swiss EoE database. Read More
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    IL-36 and IL-1/IL-17 Drive Immunity to Oral Candidiasis via Parallel Mechanisms.
    J Immunol 2018 Jun 11. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
    Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom;
    Protection against microbial infection by the induction of inflammation is a key function of the IL-1 superfamily, including both classical IL-1 and the new IL-36 cytokine families. is a frequent human fungal pathogen causing mucosal infections. Although the initiators and effectors important in protective host responses to are well described, the key players in driving these responses remain poorly defined. Read More
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    Prevalence and Possible Role of Species in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Mediators Inflamm 2018 6;2018:9602362. Epub 2018 May 6.
    Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Radziwillowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
    Although fungal colonization is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its prevalence remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an overview on the prevalence of species in patients with psoriasis. We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials. Read More
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    Systemic hematogenous dissemination of mouse oral candidiasis is induced by oral mucositis.
    Odontology 2018 May 24. Epub 2018 May 24.
    Course of Clinical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Systemic Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
    The causes of fungemia include immunosuppression and neutropenia stemming from diverse factors as well as the placement of central venous catheters. However, the relationship between fungemia and the oral cavity has not been substantiated. In this study, we explored the pathological conditions of Candida albicans-derived oral candidiasis in a mouse model, which always develops oral mucositis as a complication. Read More
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    Loss of Upc2p-Inducible Transcription Is Sufficient To Confer Niche-Specific Azole Resistance without Compromising Candida albicans Pathogenicity.
    MBio 2018 May 22;9(3). Epub 2018 May 22.
    Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
    Inactivation of sterol Δ-desaturase (Erg3p) in the prevalent fungal pathogen is one of several mechanisms that can confer resistance to the azole antifungal drugs. However, loss of Erg3p activity is also associated with deficiencies in stress tolerance, invasive hyphal growth, and attenuated virulence in a mouse model of disseminated infection. This may explain why relatively few -deficient strains have been reported among azole-resistant clinical isolates. Read More
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    VT-1598 inhibits the in vitro growth of mucosal Candida strains and protects against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant oral candidiasis in IL-17 signalling-deficient mice.
    J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 May 16. Epub 2018 May 16.
    Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    Background: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) treatment often induces drug resistance, posing long-term challenges. A novel broad-spectrum fungal CYP51 inhibitor, VT-1598, specifically targets fungal CYP51, but not human CYP enzymes.

    Objectives: To determine the efficacy of VT-1598 in the treatment of oral Candida infection caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates. Read More
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    Role of protein phosphomannosylation in the Candida tropicalis-macrophage interaction.
    FEMS Yeast Res 2018 Aug;18(5)
    Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México.
    Candida tropicalis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for mucosal and systemic infections. The cell wall is the initial contact point between a fungal cell and the host immune system, and mannoproteins are important components that play key roles when interacting with host cells. In Candida albicans, mannans are modified by mannosyl-phosphate moieties, named phosphomannans, which can work as molecular scaffolds to synthesize β1,2-mannooligosaccharides, and MNN4 is a positive regulator of the phosphomannosylation pathway. Read More
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    In vivo and in vitro activity of a bis-arylidenecyclo-alkanone against fluconazole-susceptible and resistant isolates of Candida albicans.
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018 Apr 28. Epub 2018 Apr 28.
    Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:
    Objectives: Candida albicans is a commensal pathogen associated with both superficial (mucosal and cutaneous) and systemic infections. The extensive use of antifungal agents has led to reduced susceptibility to the few existing drugs. This situation has encouraged the search for novel antifungal agents. Read More
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    Dental Diseases and Intestinal Dysbiosis Among Children.
    J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018 26;42(3):217-220. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
    Objectives: The goal of the present study correlates dental hard tissue mineralization, mucosal pathologies in the oral cavity and different degrees of intestinal dysbiosis.

    Study Design: the study examined two groups: the study group (Group I) included 229 children and adolescents aged 1-17 (mean age 5±1years) with oral pathologies (caries, acute or chronic candidiasis) and confirmed dysbiosis of varying severity and stages as well. Group II (the Control Group) was composed of 50 patients aged 1 - 16 (mean age 5±1years) with oral pathologies but with no detected changes in gastrointestinal (GI) flora. Read More
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    A Fungal Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (NDV-3A) for Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis-A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Clin Infect Dis 2018 Jun;66(12):1928-1936
    NovaDigm Therapeutics, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts.
    Background: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a problematic form of mucosal Candida infection, characterized by repeated episodes per year. Candida albicans is the most common cause of RVVC. Currently, there are no immunotherapeutic treatments for RVVC. Read More
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    Photodynamic therapy with topical photosensitizers in mucosal and semimucosal areas: review from a dermatologic perspective.
    Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Apr 15. Epub 2018 Apr 15.
    University of Florence School of Health Sciences, Department of Surgical and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, P. Palagi Hospital, Viale Michelangelo 41, 50125, Florence, Italy.
    Photodynamic Therapy is a procedure based on the interaction between a Photo Sensitizer, a light source with a specific wavelength and oxygen. Aim of this Review is to provide a brief and updated analysis of scientific reports of the use of PDT with topical PS in the management of oncological, infectious, and inflammatory disorders involving mucosal and semimucosal areas, with a specific focus on diseases of dermatologic interest. Read More
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    Identification of Candida albicans regulatory genes governing mucosal infection.
    Cell Microbiol 2018 Mar 25:e12841. Epub 2018 Mar 25.
    Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
    The fungus Candida albicans thrives on a variety of human mucosae, yet the fungal determinants that contribute to fitness on these surfaces remain underexplored. Here, by screening a collection of C. albicans deletion strains in a mouse model of oral infection (oropharyngeal candidiasis), we identify several novel regulatory genes that modulate the fitness of the fungus in this locale. Read More
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    Randomized pilot study on probiotic effects on recurrent candidiasis in oral lichen planus patients.
    Oral Dis 2018 Mar 23. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
    Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Some patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) experience recurrent oral candidiasis(OC). Probiotic bacteria have shown to reduce the oral Candida count in vivo.

    Objective: To study whether probiotic intervention reduces recurrent OC in patients with OLP. Read More
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    ERG3 and ERG11 genes are critical for the pathogenesis of Candida albicans during the oral mucosal infection.
    Int J Oral Sci 2018 Mar 16;10(2). Epub 2018 Mar 16.
    State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
    The hyphal development of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been considered as an essential virulent factor for host cell damage. However, the missing link between hyphae and virulence of C. Read More
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    Candida vaginitis: virulence, host response and vaccine prospects.
    Med Mycol 2018 Apr;56(suppl_1):26-31
    Departmentt. of Clinical Microbiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 154 Avenue Mesogeion, 11527, Athens, Greece.
    Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common mucosal infection affecting a large proportion of women with some of them affected by recurrent often intractable forms of the disease. Thus, there is an increasing interest in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of our work was to characterize, in animal models of vaginal candidiasis, the components of the host-fungus interaction at the mucosal level. Read More
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    Inhibits Hyphal Development and Diminishes Host Vaginal Mucosal TH17 Response.
    Front Microbiol 2018 23;9:198. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
    and often co-colonize the female genital tract, and under certain conditions induce mucosal inflammation. The role of the interaction between the two organisms in candidal vaginitis is not known. In this study, we found that co-infection with significantly attenuated the hyphal development of , and that -Hwp1 signal pathway of was involved in this process. Read More
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    Lipid-mediated mode of action of local anesthetics on lipid pores induced by polyenes, peptides and lipopeptides.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018 Jun 8;166:1-8. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
    Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
    The effects of local anesthetics (LAs), namely, lidocaine (LDC), prilocaine (PLC), mepivacaine (MPV), bupivacaine (BPV), procaine (PC), and tetracaine (TTC), on the steady-state transmembrane conductance induced by the cis-side addition of the antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotic, nystatin (NYS), in planar lipid bilayers were studied. The addition of TTC to model membranes comprising DOPC and cholesterol (33 mol%) led to a nearly twenty-fold increase in the steady-state NYS-induced membrane conductance. BPV slightly enhanced the channel-forming activity of polyene. Read More
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    Oral epithelial MUC1 and oral health.
    Oral Dis 2018 Mar;24(1-2):19-21
    Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
    Objectives: To provide information about MUC1, epithelial membrane-bound mucin, in terms of its role in oral health.

    Design: The expression and functional roles of MUC1 in the oral mucosa and salivary glands were reviewed. Information on the modulation of oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression compared with that of endometrial epithelial MUC1 expression was also reviewed. Read More
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    Gastrointestinal colonisation and systemic spread of Candida albicans in mice treated with antibiotics and prednisolone.
    Microb Pathog 2018 Apr 22;117:191-199. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
    Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan.
    Normally, Candida albicans is a commensal microbe that resides in the human oral cavity, gut and vagina. However, the fungus can cause mucosal and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The mechanism by which local mucosal infections progress to systemic candidiasis is poorly understood. Read More
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    Oral health in Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter case-control study.
    Clin Oral Investig 2018 Feb 23. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
    Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Calle Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
    Objectives: The aim of this case-control study was to carry out an oral health assessment on a group of Alzheimer's patients and to establish a hypothesis regarding the implication of the characteristics of the disease and the treatment of oral health.

    Materials And Methods: A total of 70 Alzheimer's patients, residents at the Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation (Madrid, Spain) and at the Alzheimer State Reference Center (Salamanca, Spain), and 36 controls (companions/acquaintances), were studied by oral examination and saliva sampling. The oral health indices DMFT/DMFS, CPI, the prosthetic condition, oral hygiene, saliva volume, and pH, as well as the specific microbiological parameters governing the risk of developing caries were assessed. Read More
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    Th17 cells differentiated with mycelial membranes of Candida albicans prevent oral candidiasis.
    FEMS Yeast Res 2018 May;18(3)
    Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
    Candida albicans is a human commensal that causes opportunistic infections. Th17 cells provide resistance against mucosal infection with C. albicans; however, the T cell antigens remain little known. Read More
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    Anti-inflammatory effect of two Lactobacillus strains during infection with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans in a HeLa cell culture model.
    Microbiology 2018 Mar 23;164(3):349-358. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
    1​Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Lactobacilli are the dominant bacteria of the vaginal tract of healthy women and they play a major role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, preventing genital infections, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). It is now known that one mechanism of this protection is the influence that lactobacilli can exert on host immune responses. In this context, we evaluated two Lactobacillus strains (L. Read More
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    Denture-associated biofilm infection in three-dimensional oral mucosal tissue models.
    J Med Microbiol 2018 Mar 11;67(3):364-375. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
    1​Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    Purpose: In vitro analyses of virulence, pathogenicity and associated host cell responses are important components in the study of biofilm infections. The Candida-related infection, denture-associated oral candidosis, affects up to 60 % of denture wearers and manifests as inflammation of palatal tissues contacting the denture-fitting surface. Commercially available three-dimensional tissue models can be used to study infection, but their use is limited for many academic research institutions, primarily because of the substantial purchase costs. Read More
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    Histopathological Analysis of the Effects of Corticosteroids on Vocal Cords: Experimental Study.
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Mar 9;70(1):111-114. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
    1Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Darulaceze cad., Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Local treatment with corticosteroids results in side effects involving the upper respiratory tract including candidiasis, sore throat, and dysphonia. Although these effects are well known, they have not been evaluated using a histopathological approach. This study investigated the histopathological aspects of steroid-induced dysphonia. Read More
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    Experimental in Vivo Models of Candidiasis.
    J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Feb 6;4(1). Epub 2018 Feb 6.
    Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
    Candidiasis is a multifaceted fungal disease including mucosal-cutaneous, visceral, and disseminated infections caused by yeast species of the genus . infections are among the most common human mycoses. species are the third to fourth most common isolates from bloodstream infections in neutropenic or immunocompromised hospitalized patients. Read More
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    Development and anti-Candida evaluation of the vaginal delivery system of amphotericin B nanosuspension-loaded thermogel.
    J Drug Target 2018 Feb 5:1-11. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
    a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China.
    Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a typical kind of vaginal mucosal infection. Herein, we developed a novel vaginal delivery system of amphotericin B (AmB) nanosuspension-loaded thermogel (AmB NPs/thermogel) utilising pharmaceutical technique of high-pressure homogenisation and Poloxamer P407/P188 hydrogel. The stabiliser and hydrogel materials of the formulation were tested to maintain proper sol-gel transition as well as the relative stability of the particle size of AmB nanosuspension in the thermogel. Read More
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    Innate Immunity to Mucosal Candida Infections.
    J Fungi (Basel) 2017 Oct 31;3(4). Epub 2017 Oct 31.
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
    Mucosal epithelial tissues are exposed to high numbers of microbes, including commensal fungi, and are able to distinguish between those that are avirulent and those that cause disease. Epithelial cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to defend against colonization and invasion by species. The interplay between mucosal epithelial tissues and immune cells is key for control and clearance of fungal infections. Read More
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    The Role of IL-17 in Protection against Mucosal Candida Infections.
    J Fungi (Basel) 2017 Sep 27;3(4). Epub 2017 Sep 27.
    Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
    Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by adaptive CD4+ T helper cells and innate lymphocytes, such as γδ-T cells and TCRβ+ "natural" Th17 cells. IL-17 activates signaling through the IL-17 receptor, which induces other proinflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and neutrophil chemokines that are important for antifungal activity. The importance of IL-17 in protective antifungal immunity is evident in mice and humans, where various genetic defects related to the IL-17-signaling pathway render them highly susceptible to forms of candidiasis such oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) or more broadly chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), both caused mainly by the opportunistic fungal pathogen . Read More
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    Patient Susceptibility to Candidiasis-A Potential for Adjunctive Immunotherapy.
    J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Jan 9;4(1). Epub 2018 Jan 9.
    Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    spp. are colonizing fungi of human skin and mucosae of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, present in 30-50% of healthy individuals in a population at any given moment. The host defense mechanisms prevent this commensal fungus from invading and causing disease. Read More
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    A survey on cellular RNA editing activity in response to Candida albicans infections.
    BMC Genomics 2018 01 19;19(Suppl 1):43. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
    Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 20031, China.
    Background: Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes, which induces alterations in mRNA sequence. It has been shown that A-to-I RNA editing events are of significance in the cell's innate immunity and cellular response to viral infections. However, whether RNA editing plays a role in cellular response to microorganism/fungi infection has not been determined. Read More
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    Processing of Ece1p Is Critical for Candidalysin Maturation and Fungal Virulence.
    MBio 2018 Jan 23;9(1). Epub 2018 Jan 23.
    Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
    is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for superficial and life-threatening infections in humans. During mucosal infection, undergoes a morphological transition from yeast to invasive filamentous hyphae that secrete candidalysin, a 31-amino-acid peptide toxin required for virulence. Candidalysin damages epithelial cell plasma membranes and stimulates the activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos (via p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]), and the MAPK phosphatase MKP1 (via extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 [ERK1/2]-MAPK), which trigger and regulate proinflammatory cytokine responses, respectively. Read More
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    antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from plants against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant .
    Curr Med Mycol 2017 Jun;3(2):1-6
    Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
    Background And Purpose: is the most common cause of candidal infections. Various studies have shown drug resistance among isolates; thus, it is necessary to discover replacement treatments for infections. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of different essential oils against azoles-resistant and azoles-susceptible isolates. Read More
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    Oral features in patients with psoriasis: an observational study.
    Minerva Stomatol 2018 02;67(1):12-19
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
    Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a group of psoriatic patients and healthy subjects.

    Methods: 120 psoriatic patients were enrolled in this observational study. Clinical examination, panoramic X-ray, magnetic nuclear resonance of temporo-mandibular joint, parodontal evaluation, oropharyngeal buffer and incisional biopsies by scalpel, as applicable, were done in order to value the patients. Read More
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    Improved vaginal retention and enhanced antifungal activity of miconazole microsponges gel: Formulation development and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in rats.
    Eur J Pharm Sci 2018 Mar 28;114:255-266. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
    Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, 12411 Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:
    Traditional azole antifungal formulations suffer from poor retention in the vaginal cavity, irritation and burning of the vaginal area. In the present work, we aim at the development of a novel miconazole (MCZ) microsponges gel as an attractive dosage form for vaginal candidiasis. The proposed formula has the potential to minimize the local side effects of the drug due to the controlled release characteristic, which increases patient compliance. Read More
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    Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma as innovative method to crosslink and enhance mucoadhesion of econazole-loaded gelatin films for buccal drug delivery.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018 Mar 19;163:73-82. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
    Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 University of Bologna, Italy.
    In this paper we developed an innovative, effective and rapid one-step approach to crosslink mucoadhesive gelatin films for buccal drug delivery. The method, which involves the application of non-equilibrium pressure plasma for 3 or 5 minutes/side, was compared with a classical approach based on the use of a chemical crosslinking agent, namely genipin. Econazole nitrate (ECN), an imidazole antifungal agent used for the treatment of skin infections and mucosal candidiasis, was selected as model drug. Read More
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    Probiotic Bacteria Alter Pattern-Recognition Receptor Expression and Cytokine Profile in a Human Macrophage Model Challenged with and Lipopolysaccharide.
    Front Microbiol 2017 29;8:2280. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
    Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer benefits to the host health. The infection rate of potentially pathogenic organisms such as , the most common agent associated with mucosal candidiasis, can be reduced by probiotics. However, the mechanisms by which the probiotics interfere with the immune system are largely unknown. Read More
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    A Review of the Effectiveness and Side-Effects of Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.1% in the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Diseases.
    Acta Stomatol Croat 2017 Sep;51(3):240-247
    Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand.
    Topical steroids have been widely used in the treatment of symptomatic oral lesions to reduce pain and inflammation. Potent topical steroids such as clobetasol propionate, fluocinolone acetonide (FA), and fluocinonide have been widely used in the treatment of severe oral mucosal lesions. Many reports have demonstrated that these steroids were effective in treating oral lesions with only minor side-effects. Read More
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    Approach to a Child with Primary Immunodeficiency Made Simple.
    Indian Dermatol Online J 2017 Nov-Dec;8(6):391-405
    Allergy Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
    Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of disorders affecting the capability to fight against infection. These include defects in T cells and B cells affecting cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively, combined humoral and cell-mediated immunodeficiency, defects in phagocytosis, complement defects, and defects in cytokine or cytokine signalling pathways which are detrimental for immune function. Depending upon the type and severity, age at onset of symptoms can vary from neonatal period to late childhood. Read More
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    Isolated Cutaneous Granuloma Caused by Candida glabrata: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.
    Mycopathologia 2018 Apr 22;183(2):417-421. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
    Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158, Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
    The incidence of candidiasis due to non-albicans Candida species (especially Candida glabrata) has significantly increased in recent decades. Candida glabrata often invades immunocompromised hosts and causes systemic or mucosal infections, whereas cutaneous infections are rarely reported. We present a rare case of cutaneous infection caused by C. Read More
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    Discriminating between Interstitial and Circulating Leukocytes in Tissues of the Murine Oral Mucosa Avoiding Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Contamination.
    Front Immunol 2017 30;8:1398. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
    Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
    Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory response to a microbial biofilm that destroys bone and soft tissues supporting the teeth. Murine models of periodontitis based on () colonization have shown that extravasation of leukocytes into oral tissue is critical to driving alveolar bone destruction. Identifying interstitial leukocytes is key to understanding the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis. Read More
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    Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues.
    Clin Oral Investig 2018 Jan 15;22(1):93-108. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
    Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahler Laan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Background: The number of older people with dementia and a natural dentition is growing. Recently, a systematic review concerning the oral health of older people with dementia with the focus on diseases of oral hard tissues was published.

    Objective: To provide a comprehensive literature overview following a systematic approach of the level of oral hygiene and oral health status in older people with dementia with focus on oral soft tissues. Read More
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    EphA2 is an epithelial cell pattern recognition receptor for fungal β-glucans.
    Nat Microbiol 2018 Jan 13;3(1):53-61. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
    Oral epithelial cells discriminate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic stimuli, and only induce an inflammatory response when they are exposed to high levels of a potentially harmful microorganism. The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in epithelial cells that mediate this differential response are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) is an oral epithelial cell PRR that binds to exposed β-glucans on the surface of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Read More
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    Is MBL serum concentration a reliable predictor for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis?
    Mycoses 2017 Nov 6. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
    Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Background: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is acommon opportunistic, mucosal fungal infection, predominantly caused by the fungus Candida albicans.Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an acute-phase protein that plays a key role in the innate immunity defense against infectious disease.

    Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the MBL serum level and the relative expression of MBL mRNA in RVVC using real-time PCR for the first time. Read More
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    Candidalysin drives epithelial signaling, neutrophil recruitment, and immunopathology at the vaginal mucosa.
    Infect Immun 2017 Nov 6. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
    University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Memphis, TN, USA
    Unlike other forms of candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, caused primarily by the fungal pathogen , is a disease of immunocompetent and otherwise healthy women. Despite its prevalence, the fungal factors responsible for initiating symptomatic infection remain poorly understood. One of the hallmarks of vaginal candidiasis is the robust recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection, which seemingly do not clear the fungus, but rather exacerbate disease symptomatology. Read More
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    Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis.
    Cancer Med 2017 Dec 25;6(12):2918-2931. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048.
    Patients undergoing radiation therapy for the head and neck are susceptible to a significant and often abrupt deterioration in their oral health. The oral morbidities of radiation therapy include but are not limited to an increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease. They also include profound and often permanent functional and sensory changes involving the oral soft tissue. Read More
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    The yeast form of the fungus Candida albicans promotes persistence in the gut of gnotobiotic mice.
    PLoS Pathog 2017 Oct 25;13(10):e1006699. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
    Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
    Many microorganisms that cause systemic, life-threatening infections in humans reside as harmless commensals in our digestive tract. Yet little is known about the biology of these microbes in the gut. Here, we visualize the interface between the human commensal and pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and the intestine of mice, a surrogate host. Read More
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    Antifungal Activity of Oleylphosphocholine on and Biofilms.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018 Jan 21;62(1). Epub 2017 Dec 21.
    KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium.
    In this study, we investigated the potential antifungal activity of the alkylphospholipid oleylphosphocholine (OlPC), a structural analogue of miltefosine, on and biofilm formation. The effect of OlPC on and biofilms inside triple-lumen polyurethane catheters was studied. biofilms were developed subcutaneously after catheter implantation on the lower back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Read More
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    Salivary Flow Rate, Oral Yeast Colonization and Dental Status in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly
    Acta Clin Croat 2016 09;55(3):390-395
    Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
    Elderly people, especially those institutionalized in long-term care facilities, are at risk of various oral diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of hyposalivation and colonization/oral fungal infection of oral cavity with yeasts, as well as dental status in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. The study included 280 institutionalized and 61 non-institutionalized elderly people. Read More
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    VT-1161 protects mice against oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans.
    J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 Jan;73(1):151-155
    Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    Background: Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, causes chronic mucosal infections in patients with inborn errors of IL-17 immunity that rely heavily on chronic, often lifelong, azole antifungal agents for treatment. However, a rise in azole resistance has predicated a need for developing new antifungal drugs.

    Objectives: To test the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of VT-1161 and VT-1129 in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis with azole-susceptible or -resistant C. Read More
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