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Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 06 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

T helper 17 (Th17) are a CD4+ T subpopulation cells which are involved in the host protection against microbes such as extracellular and intracellular bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Monogenic defects including those mutations in some genes such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and 3, dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8), autoimmune regulator (AIRE), and interleukin 17 receptor A (IL-17RA) can lead to impairment in Th17 cell development and function along with the concomitant increased risk for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). The immunologic abnormalities in these patients include low frequency of Th17 cells; defective cutaneous or in vitro T cell response to Candida species, and/or autoantibodies against relevant cytokines. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2020 Jun 9;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA.

can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of sp., with being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. Read More

Med Mycol 2020 Jun 11. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Candidiasis is characterized by susceptibility to recurrent or persistent infections caused by Candida spp., typically Candida albicans, of cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. In this report, function and frequency of Th17 cells as well as genetics of patients susceptible to mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2020 May 31. Epub 2020 May 31.

Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Spain.

Background: Cutaneous congenital candidiasis (CCC) is a rare condition consisting of invasive fungal infection of the epidermis and dermis that mostly affects preterm infants. Maternal vaginal candidiasis is present in half of the cases, although the occurrence of invasive candidiasis during pregnancy or peripartum period is exceptional.

Case Report: We present the case of a full-term infant that was born by vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery to an apparently healthy 33 year-old woman with no history of intravenous drug use or vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy. Read More

Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2019 1;36(3):228-242. Epub 2019 May 1.

Texas State University Department of Respiratory Care.

This original research is a directional study that determined the habits of individuals using four analyses to find statistical significance in the data collected from the surveys of 801 qualified of 1,340 individuals who agreed to participate. Results from the self-reported diagnosis of individuals affected by sarcoidosis produced seven statistically significant indicators of future research needed. The demographics revealed a significantly greater number of women and African-Americans participants than other minorities in the United States and suggested a sense of urgency to find a cure. Read More

Iran Biomed J 2020 Feb 19. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.

Background: The Candida albicans is one of the most important global opportunistic pathogens, and the incidence of candidiasis has increased over the past few decades. Despite the established role of skin in defense against fungal invasion, little has been documented about the pathogenesis of Candida species when changing from normal flora to pathogens of vaginal and gastrointestinal epithelia. This study was carried out to determine in vivo and in vitro pathogenesis of clinical C. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2020 ;6(1):30-35

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Purpose: Organ transplant recipients are vulnerable to fungal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal colonization and infections among patients who underwent various transplantations and molecularly characterize the etiological agents.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on candidates for transplantation in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2017 to April 2018. Read More

Scand J Immunol 2020 Jun 23;91(6):e12885. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China.

Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) caused by STAT3 gene mutation is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease. To better understand the disease, we described the clinical characteristics of 20 AD-HIES patients in Chongqing, China and explored the effect of mutations in different domains of STAT3 gene on the function of STAT3 protein by Western blot and confocal microscopy. The mean age at onset was 0. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2020 Mar 31:1-6. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

is the causative agent of candidiasis in immunocompromised and diseased individuals. The current study was designed to evaluate the antifungal activity of (L.) Sprague seeds ethanolic extract and hexanes fraction against , both and . Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Mar 18;20(1):128. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.

Background: Auto-immune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type I is a rare genetic disease, usually revealed by chronic superficial candidiasis and autoimmune endocrine dysfunction in childhood.

Cases Presentation: We report the cases of 2 children, a 4 years-11 months old boy and 13 years old adolescent, admitted and followed up in the endocrinology unit of the Mother and Child Centre of Chantal Biya's Foundation for auto-immune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.

Conclusion: The occurrence of chronic cutaneous candidiasis in a child should always imply endocrine screening, to exclude auto-immune polyendocrine syndrome type I. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 04;68(4):637-638

T.C. S.B.U. Tepecik Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Izmir, Turkey.

Int J Dermatol 2020 May 8;59(5):e148-e150. Epub 2020 Mar 8.

Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Feb;99(9):e18601

Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), a rare group of gene defects with different manifestations, are at great risk of malignancy. The incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the sinusoidal tract is quite rare with nasal congestion, stuffiness, and pain in maxillary sinus manifestation. Human serine-threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency affects the immune system with recurrent bacterial and viral infections, mucocutaneous candidiasis, cutaneous warts, skin abscesses, T- and B-cell lymphopenia, and neutropenia. Read More

Ghana Med J 2019 Dec;53(4):287-293

Department of Dermatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Background: Acne is an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous gland, and the most common dermatosis in adolescents globally. Infectious dermatoses are common in the tropics, but due to the paucity of epidemiologic surveys, not much is known about the prevalence and common types found in different sub-populations including adolescents. It is however presumed that the prevalence will be high and the pattern diverse. Read More

Dermatitis 2020 Mar/Apr;31(2):157-164

Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with altered skin barrier, microbiome, and immune dysregulation that may increase risk of skin infections.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether AD is associated with skin infections and related outcomes.

Methods: Data from the 2006 to 2012 National Emergency Department Sample were analyzed, including an approximately 20% sample of all US emergency department (ED) visits (N = 198,102,435 adults or children). Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Mar 17;33(2):e13244. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Dermatology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is an acute and self-limited condition, which commonly occurs after treatment for spirochetal infections. Probably, it corresponds to a transient immunological reaction to endotoxin-like products released from the microorganism during the therapy. For this reason, JHR may be associated with many other infectious diseases besides syphilis. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 Jan 27. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Long standing, asymptomatic, well-demarcated erythema of the hard palate with a histopathological psoriasiform pattern comprises a challenging diagnosis. We present a series of patients with such clinical and histological findings and discuss the possible diagnoses. We collected all patients with palatal erythematous lesions that had well-documented clinical examination. Read More

J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020 ;13(1):143-148

Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.

With improved and prolonged survival of very and extremely low birth weight infants, invasive fungal infection has emerged as an important concern in the neonatal intensive care units. Candidiasis is the third leading cause of late onset sepsis in these neonates and is associated with 20-30% mortality. Extreme prematurity, central venous catheters, prolonged antibiotic exposure, parenteral nutrition are important risk factors. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2019 Nov 19. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background And Objective: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of clinical importance and is the primary cause of fungal-associated wound infections, sepsis, or pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance, it is becoming increasingly difficult to successfully treat fungal infections using traditional antifungals, signifying that alternative non-traditional approaches must be explored for their efficacy.

Study Design/materials And Methods: We investigated the combination of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) and quinine hydrochloride (Q-HCL) for improved inactivation of C. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2019 Sep 15;25(9). Epub 2019 Sep 15.

Ohio State University Division of Dermatology, Columbus, OH.

Candida is a genus of yeasts that can be a part of normal human skin flora, but may cause disease when the skin barrier is compromised. C. albicans is the most common pathogenic species of this genus, but in recent years infection with other species, such as C. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2019 Aug;11(4):267-279

Department of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture fungal infection caused by members of the genus which is considered as a public health problem all over the world with urgency of effective treatment and control. This study was performed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and molecular aspects of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran in relation to antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of etiologic species.

Materials And Methods: species were isolated from skin (27. Read More

Mycopathologia 2019 Dec 21;184(6):747-757. Epub 2019 Oct 21.

Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of the skin and mucous membranes in humans, but it is also responsible for mucocutaneous and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients like low birth weight neonates and premature newborns. The epicutaneous application of C. albicans is widely used to study the immune response against this pathogen in adult mice models. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 02;84(2):173-177

From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Purpose: This study was carried out to characterize the clinical and histological changes in the cutaneous portion of the transferred pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps used in intraoral reconstruction in patients with head and neck malignancy.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from July 2016 to 2018. All patients underwent ablative surgery for oropharyngeal cancers and primary reconstruction with pedicled pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019 11;7:2050313X19876707. Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

The management of congenital cutaneous candidiasis in a healthy term neonate of normal birth weight is unclear. Often, healthy term neonates undergo extensive evaluation followed by systemic treatment, which may not be clinically warranted. Here, we present a case of a healthy term neonate with congenital cutaneous candidiasis, whose work-up was minimally invasive and was successfully treated with one oral dose of antifungals and topical antifungals, as well as a review of the literature. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2019 Aug 21;5(3). Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.

The burden of fungal diseases based on the real-world national data is limited. This study aimed to estimate the Taiwan incident cases with selected fungal diseases in 2013 using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) which covered 99.6% of the 23. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2019 Aug 16;20:1210-1215. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA.

BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a serious, potentially fatal fungal infection caused by species in the Mucorales order. Together with candidiasis and aspergillosis, it is one of the most significant fungal infection that carries a high rate of mortality. Early detection and initiation of antifungal therapy with adequate surgical debridement improves the clinical outcome. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Oct 30;33(10):1863-1873. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Department of Dermato-Venereology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.

Cutaneous candidiasis is a common skin disease, and several treatments have been investigated within the last fifty years. Yet, systematic reviews are lacking, and evidence-based topical and systemic treatment strategies remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize efficacy and adverse effects of topical and oral therapies for cutaneous candidiasis in all age groups. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019 19;9(3):252-254. Epub 2019 Jun 19.

Community Medicine Department, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakiliki, Abakiliki, Nigeria.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1 is a rare autoimmune disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern due to loss of function of the AIRE gene and defective removal of self-reactive T-lymphocytes during the process of thymic T cell maturation. Its manifestation starts early in life with the cardinal clinical disorders being one of muco-cutaneous candidiasis, Addison's disease, and hypoparathyroidism. Recognizing the syndromic nature of one autoimmune disease will facilitate an active search for other conditions which would allow early detection, management, follow-up, and most importantly patient education and counselling to avoid potential complications. Read More

Adv Neonatal Care 2019 Dec;19(6):E3-E10

Department of Neonatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Washington (Mss Campbell and Zuill and Drs Sacco and Bosque); and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Providence Regional Medical Center, Everett, Washington (Ms MacConnell).

Background: Despite availability of rapid fungal potassium hydroxide (KOH) tests, many care providers rely on visual assessment to determine the diagnosis of monilial diaper dermatitis (MDD).

Purpose: To determine whether a KOH test, when MDD is suspected, would result in more accurate diagnoses, with decreased antifungal medication prescription and exposure.

Methods: Quality improvement project from 2016 through 2017 with protocol implemented in 2017 for treatment of MDD after positive KOH testing. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019 Sep 24;181:623-631. Epub 2019 May 24.

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. Electronic address:

There is a growing clinical demand for topical itraconazole (ITC) delivery systems because of the expanding potential of the drug for topical fungal and non-fungal applications. Lipid-based nanocarriers offer great promise in this respect. In the present study, a new topical ITC gel based on lipid nanocapsules (LNC) was developed. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2019 Jun 6;11(6). Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.

New three-dimensionally-structured hybrid phospholipid vesicles, able to load clotrimazole in a high amount (10 mg/mL), were obtained for the first time in this work by significantly reducing the amount of water (≤10%), which was replaced with a mixture of glycerol and ethanol (≈90%). A pre-formulation study was carried out to evaluate the effect of both the composition of the hydrating medium and the concentration of the phospholipid on the physico-chemical properties of hybrid vesicles. Four different three-dimensionally-structured hybrid vesicles were selected as ideal systems for the topical application of clotrimazole. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2019 Oct 28;50(4):969-978. Epub 2019 May 28.

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia (LabMicol), Maceió, AL, Brazil.

Superficial and cutaneous mycoses are common in tropical countries, caused by dermatophytes, yeast, and non-dermatophyte molds in different clinical specimens. In order to define the epidemiology of mycoses and the profile of their etiological agents in Alagoas (northeastern Brazil) between 2009 and 2016, we obtained data of patients from the main laboratories of Alagoas, by examining clinical samples with direct microscopy and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar and ChromagarCandida. A total of 3316 patients were confirmed with mycoses (595 men/2716 women) and 40. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2019 07;155(7):846-847

Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.

AAPS PharmSciTech 2019 Apr 26;20(5):175. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.

Clotrimazole is widely used for the management of cutaneous candidiasis infection. The low solubility of clotrimazole and excipient-related topical side effects (of currently available marketed products) cause the compromised efficacy of the therapy with poor patient compliance. In the present investigation, a clotrimazole nanocrystal-based nanogel was developed. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Oct 6;81(4):1001-1007. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address:

Background: Electronic cigarette use continues to rise, yet there are no reviews summarizing dermatologic manifestations associated with electronic cigarettes in the literature.

Objective: To review the literature regarding cutaneous manifestations associated with electronic cigarette use and increase awareness of side effects associated with this rapidly developing public health epidemic.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for related literature. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2019 Apr-Jun;9(2):e2018070. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hospital Universitário, Internal Medicine Division. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Esophageal infection by spp. is a common opportunistic entity in immunocompromised hosts; however, systemic fungal dissemination due to perforation or transmural necrosis, also known as necrotizing esophagitis (NCE), is rare. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient with diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis, severe arteriosclerosis, and vasculitis under immunosuppressive therapy who presented NCE with fungal and bacterial septicemia diagnosed at autopsy. Read More

Int J Organ Transplant Med 2019 1;10(1):46-50. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

infections are common diseases in immunocompromised patients. A 19-year-old boy with liver transplantation, necrotic skin lesion, jaundice, dyspnea, and ascites was admitted to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, southern Iran. The mycological examination for the skin lesion was requested. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 6;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Medicine/Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 03;7(3):788-798

Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.

Primary immune deficiency diseases characteristically present with recurrent, severe, or unusual infections. These infections may often involve the skin, with mucocutaneous candidal infections seen in a variety of different primary immune deficiencies. Primary immune deficiencies may also present with noninfectious cutaneous complications, of which eczema is the most common. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar 13;33(2):648-653. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.

Background: Candida urinary tract infections occur in both dogs in cats but there is limited data about risk factors.

Objective: To identify risk factors for candiduria in dogs in cats.

Animals: Eighteen dogs and 8 cats with candiduria. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Aug 15;24(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Veterans Affairs Medical Center Brooklyn, New York SUNY Downstate, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, New York.

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica (EIB) is a Candida infection affecting the third web space, between the third and fourth fingers. In 1915, Gougerot and Goncea first described saccharomycetic organisms isolated from the hands and feet. Johannes Fabry later named it in 1917, well before the genus Candida was introduced in 1923. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 11 20;8(1):17123. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Dendritic cells (DCs) abundantly express diverse receptors to recognize mannans in the outer surface of Candida cell wall, and these interactions dictate the host immune responses that determine disease outcomes. C. krusei prevalence in candidiasis worldwide has increased since this pathogen has developed multidrug resistance. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2018 Jun;4(2):27-31

Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Background And Purpose: -associated denture stomatitis is one of the most common forms of oral candidiasis among denture wearers. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of home-generated ozonated water on the adhesion of the C. attached to the surface of the denture base acrylic resins. Read More

Iran J Public Health 2018 Sep;47(9):1406-1412

Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Intertrigo is an erythematous inflammatory condition with multiple etiologies including fungi and bacteria. Intertrigo manifests in different clinical forms with various complaints. This study was conducted to evaluate the causative agents of intertriginous infections with emphasize on clinical presentations. Read More

JCI Insight 2018 09 6;3(17). Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Studies in patients with genetic defects can provide unique insights regarding the role of specific genes and pathways in humans. Patients with defects in the Th17/IL-17 axis, such as patients harboring loss-of-function STAT3 mutations (autosomal-dominant hyper IgE syndrome; AD-HIES) present with recurrent oral fungal infections. Our studies aimed to comprehensively evaluate consequences of STAT3 deficiency on the oral commensal microbiome. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Jun 31;18(3):862-869. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Background: Dual-release mechanism of ethosomal gels (ie, ethosomes and gel) makes them as versatile drug delivery systems for topical applications. Clove oil is obtained from the clove buds exhibited broad antifungal and antibacterial activity. Cutaneous candidiasis is the infection caused by Candida albicans or other Candida species. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Aug 20;4(3). Epub 2018 Aug 20.

Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Treatment of superficial fungal infections has come a long way. This has, in part, been through the development and evaluation of new drugs. However, utilising new strategies, such as identifying variation between different species in responsiveness, e. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Apr 10;80(4):869-880.e5. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address:

Angioinvasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality because of their propensity to invade blood vessel walls, resulting in catastrophic tissue ischemia, infarct, and necrosis. While occasionally seen in immunocompetent hosts, opportunistic fungi are emerging in immunosuppressed hosts, including patients with hematologic malignancy, AIDS, organ transplant, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The widespread use of antifungal prophylaxis has led to an "arms race" of emerging fungal resistance patterns. Read More

Pharm Nanotechnol 2018 ;6(3):171-179

I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601, India.

Background: Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive approach for both local and systemic therapeutics of various diseases. Transdermal drug delivery systems show various advantages like reduction of local irritation, prevention of first-pass hepatic metabolism, and bioavailability enhancement of bioactive molecules over conventional drug delivery systems.

Objective: The main objective of the present research work was to develop and characterize (in-vitro and ex-vivo) econazole nitrate loaded transethosomes and their comparison with marketed cream of econazole nitrate [Ecoderm, Brown and Burk Pharmaceutical (Pvt. Read More