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Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center.

Diagn Cytopathol 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology, Niigata University Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.

Background: Nonspecific vaginitis, also known as Bacterial vaginosis, unlike genital candidiasis and trichomoniasis, is caused by microbiome breakdown. Döderlein's bacillus are gram-positive bacillus that form a microbiome, reproduce in the female vagina after gaining sexual maturity, secrete lactic acid, and prevent the growth of other vaginitis-causing bacteria. Clue cell are squamous epithelial cells with Gardnerella sp. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2020 Jun 12. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS‑1) is a rare inherited autoimmune disease, characterized by a classic triad, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, primary adrenocortical insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism. The present study investigated phenotypes and pathogenic variants in a Chinese woman with non‑classical APS‑1. Disease‑associated variants in a patient with APS‑1 were identified via targeted next generation sequencing and the variant was confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 18;11:1065. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.

The field of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is rapidly evolving. Indeed, the number of described diseases is constantly increasing thanks to the rapid identification of novel genetic defects by next-generation sequencing. PIDs are now rather referred to as "inborn errors of immunity" due to the association between a wide range of immune dysregulation-related clinical features and the "prototypic" increased infection susceptibility. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2020 Jul 5. Epub 2020 Jul 5.

Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.

In the recent years, the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has changed worldwide. This is remarkably noticed with the significant increase in high-risk populations. Although surveillance of such infections is essential, data in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region remain scarce. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2020 Jun 21;201:112515. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address:

Secreted aspartic protease 2 (SAP2), a kind of virulence factor, is an emerging new antifungal target. Using docking-based virtual screening and structure-based inhibitor design, a series of novel SAP2 inhibitors were successfully identified. Among them, indolone derivative 24a showed potent SAP2 inhibitory activity (IC = 0. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2020 Jul 4. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982. Saudi Arabia.

Over the past decades, a dramatically tremendous rise in invasive fungal infection diseases attributed to the yeast Candida albicans in immunocompromised individuals poses a serious challenging issue. Another alarming concern is the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens to the existing medicines due to their overuse and misuse. 25% to 55% mortality, caused by the invasive infection, was recently reported. Read More

J Mycol Med 2020 Jun 25:101009. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology - University Autonomous of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address:

Chronic renal disease patients under chronic dialysis (CRDD) have a multifactorial immunological deterioration with an increased risk of Candida infections. Incidence of Candida infections is increasing. Choice of suitable antifungal agents is limited due to the resistance of some species to several antifungals. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan; Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Invasive Candidiasis 2020 by the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology, Japan.

Introduction: Echinocandins are frequent use antifungals in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and it is important to update information on their efficacy and safety for optimal antifungal drug treatment. The aim of this study is to clarify whether echinocandins are superior to non-echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs of echinocandins and non-echinocandins for adult invasive candidiasis. Read More

Biofouling 2020 Jul 3:1-11. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

This study proposes a microcosm biofilm (MiB) model for the study of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Different conditions that mimic the vaginal environment were tested for MiB formation. The best growth conditions were obtained with samples incubated in vaginal fluid simulator medium pH 4. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun;52(2):234-244

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

The first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was reported in Korea in 1985. The number of HIV-infected persons domestically increased in the 1990s showing epidemic indigenousization. Since then, the number of new infections gradually increased every year, and recently more than 1,000 newly infected cases were reported per year. Read More

Pharm Biol 2020 Dec;58(1):574-580

Razi Hospital Laboratory, Faculty member in medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

In Persian medicine, topical ingredients such as Mill. (Rosaceae), are usually recommended for the treatment of uterine diseases. Scientific evaluation of these historical documents can be valuable for finding new potential use in conventional medicine. Read More

Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020 Jun 23;19(3):313-317. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a scarce polyendocrinopathy with autosomal recessive inheritance results from defects in the human autoimmune regulatory (AIRE) gene. In addition to three major manifestations of APS1 including mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, ophthalmic problems such as keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye, iridocyclitis, and cataract can be seen in these patients. In this article, we introduced two siblings presented with nail dystrophia, severe photophobia, and keratitis since early childhood which genetic examination revealed single nucleotide T>C translocation in their 2nd exon and heterozygous deletion mutation in their 12th exon. Read More

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2020 Jul 2;145(13):912-916. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Uniklinikum Ulm, Ulm.

History:  We report about a 17-year-old patient with the secondary malignancy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). He developed fever of unclear origin during the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.History We report about a 17-year-old patient with the secondary malignancy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Read More

Oral Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused major disruptions in medical and dental care across the world, affecting secondary care services that had to rapidly adapt to new circumstances. Postponed and delayed oral medicine (OM) care, deferring non-urgent follow-ups in case of patients because of COVID-19 crisis, and limited access to health care, may have lead serious consequences fororal and systemic health (Arduino et al, 2020; Jones et al, 2020). Deferred diagnosis of a malignant conditionwhen suspected or even dysplasia in oralleucoplakia cases vastly implies the clinical outcome, influencing treatment and prognosis, subsequently(Meng et al, 2020). Read More

Front Public Health 2020 16;8:225. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Reproductive Medicine, Nova IVF Fertility, Ahmedabad, India.

The microbiome of the female genital tract may undergo changes in pregnancy due to metabolic, endocrinological, and immunological alterations. These dysbiotic states may cause infections which may ascend upwards to the feto-placental unit or may be seeded hematogenously. These low grade and often low virulent infectious states lead to chronic inflammatory states and maybe associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. Read More

Front Microbiol 2020 16;11:1320. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

is an important species causing invasive candidiasis (IC) in China. The present survey was a national multicenter study of the molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility profiles of . Non-duplicate isolates were collected from 10 hospitals across China in the CHIF-NET program 2016-2017. Read More

Mycoses 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare threat. Apparently, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is armed by special abilities to spread and dysregulate the immune mechanisms. The likelihood of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) development in COVID-19 patients with a list of attributable risk factors for oral infections has not yet been investigated. Read More

HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2020 15;12:211-220. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal candidiasis are the commonest fungal infections among HIV-positive patients. The main objective of this study was to explore biofilm-producing species causing oropharyngeal infections among HIV patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital (STIDH) in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from the HIV-positive patients between July and December 2019. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2020 10;13:1673-1689. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México.

Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to human health, because of the emergence of new species as causative agents of diseases and the increment of antifungal drug resistance. Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans and is associated with a high mortality rate when the fungi infect deep-seated organs. belongs to the group of candidiasis etiological agents, and although it is not isolated as frequently as other species, the infections caused by this organism are of special relevance in the clinical setting because of its intrinsic resistance to fluconazole. Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2020 11;15:4079-4090. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop efficient localized therapy of sertaconazole nitrate for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

Methods: Sertaconazole nitrate-loaded cationic liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration method and coated with different concentrations of pectin (0.05%, 0. Read More

Curr Opin Microbiol 2020 Jun 27;56:7-15. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany. Electronic address:

Candida albicans is a regular member of the intestinal microbiota in the majority of the human population. This underscores C. albicans' adaptation to life in the intestine without inducing competitive interactions with other microbes, or immune responses detrimental to its survival. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

The incidence of invasive fungal infections is rising due to the increase in susceptible populations. Current clinically available drugs have therapeutic limitations due to toxicity, narrow spectrum of activity, and more importantly for the consistent rise of fungal species that are intrinsically resistant or develop resistance due to the prolonged therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for new broad-spectrum antifungal agents with low toxicity and a novel mechanism of action. Read More

J Immunol 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa caused by the commensal fungus IL-17R signaling is essential to prevent OPC in mice and humans, but the individual roles of its ligands, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF, are less clear. A homozygous IL-17F deficiency in mice does not cause OPC susceptibility, whereas mice lacking IL-17A are moderately susceptible. In humans, a rare heterozygous mutation in IL-17F (IL-17F. Read More

Curr Opin Microbiol 2020 Jun 26;58:15-23. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany. Electronic address:

Candida albicans is a major cause of fungal nosocomial infections. Host defense against disseminated infections caused by this yeast strongly relies on myeloid cells of the innate immune system. Recently, several breakthroughs have been made that significantly improved our understanding of the role of macrophages during candidiasis and how C. Read More

Arkh Patol 2020 ;82(3):55-60

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

The article is devoted to the modern perspectives of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostic factors in theoral squamous cell carcinoma. In the new edition of the WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors of 2017, the concept of potentially malignant diseases is introduced, which include erythroplakia, leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, dyskeratosiscongenita, smokeless tobacco keratosis, palatallesions associated with reverse smoking, chronic candidiasis, lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus, syphilitic glossitis and actinic keratosis (liponly). A binary system for assessing oral epithelial dysplasia assessing is proposed. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jun 25;10(1):10327. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.

Candida albicans is a major cause of human infections, ranging from relatively simple to treat skin and mucosal diseases to systemic life-threatening invasive candidiasis. Fungal infections treatment faces three major challenges: the limited number of therapeutic options, the toxicity of the available drugs, and the rise of antifungal resistance. In this study, we demonstrate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of peptides ToAP2 and NDBP-5. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil.

Venoms from ants comprise a rich source of bioactive peptides, including antimicrobial peptides. From the proteome and peptidome of the giant ant venom, members of five known classes of antimicrobial peptides were disclosed (e.g. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2020 Apr 30;117:104728. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of two glucose concentrations (0.1 mM and 1.0 mM, simulating glucose concentration in saliva of healthy and diabetic individuals) on Candida albicans biofilm grown on epithelial monolayer. Read More

Microb Pathog 2020 Jun 23;149:104285. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) prevents binding of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) to RANK. Recent studies have reported that immune cell RANK-RANKL interactions are critical to the infection process. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and a common cause of candidiasis. Read More

Oral Dis 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.

Objectives: Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of oral mucosa and results from an overgrowth of Candida, especially Candida albicans. The potential anti-C. albicans and cytotoxicity of punicalagin (PCG), isolated from Punica granatum, alone or with nystatin (NYS) were evaluated. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 9;11:1114. Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations result in a primary immunodeficiency (PID) characterized typically by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), but a wider phenotypic range is reported and remains unexplained from a pathophysiological point-of-view. We hypothesized that different STAT1 GOF mutations may result in distinct molecular mechanisms, possibly explaining the variable phenotypes observed in patients. We selected STAT1 GOF mutants (R274W, R321S, T419R, and N574I) that are spread over the protein and studied their dynamic behavior in U3A and HeLa cell lines. Read More

Front Microbiol 2020 5;11:1117. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Background: Vaginal candidiasis is an important medical condition awaiting more effective treatment. How causes this disease and survives antifungal treatment is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive understanding of biofilm-related defensive strategies that uses to establish vaginal candidiasis and to survive antifungal treatment. Read More

mSphere 2020 Jun 24;5(3). Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

While the folate biosynthetic pathway has provided a rich source of antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anticancer therapies, it has not yet been exploited to develop uniquely antifungal agents. Although there have been attempts to develop fungal-specific inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the protein itself has not been unequivocally validated as essential for fungal growth or virulence. The purpose of this study was to establish dihydrofolate reductase as a valid antifungal target. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2020 5;34:e050. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

Candida infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The increase in its incidence has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial therapy and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) and its main component - terpinen-4-ol - against resistant Candida albicans strains (genotypes A and B) identified by molecular typing and against C. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020 22;53:e20190206. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.

Introduction: Bloodstream infection due to Candida spp. is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in tertiary hospitals.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients with a positive blood culture for Candida spp. Read More

Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.

A drug delivery technology comprising a mucoadhesive bilayered buccally anchored tablet containing natamycin was developed. The concept was to anchor the tablet to the buccal tissue and allow controlled release of the drug through the matrix into the mouth. Carbomer (Carbopol ® 974 P NF) was used to formulate the mucoadhesive layer. Read More

Med Mycol 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Université de Paris, Service de maladies infectieuses, hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, IHU Imagine, Paris, France.

Though candidiasis is the most frequent invasive fungal infection, Candida spp. central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare but severe. To further describe clinico-patho-radiological presentations of this entity, we report a retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2018 including patients aged ≥ 28 days with proven or probable CNS candidiasis in France. Read More

Heliyon 2020 Jun 16;6(6):e04211. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.

Objectives: The effects of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer on the adherence of microorganisms such as non- (NCAC) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA), frequently detected in oral infections in immunocompromised and/or elderly people, to denture resin material, are still unclear. Here, we report the effects of MPC-polymer on the adherence of , NCAC, and MRSA to acrylic denture resin.

Methods: Sixteen strains of seven strains of two strains of one strain of , and six strains of MRSA were used. Read More

mBio 2020 Jun 23;11(3). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to differentiate along the myeloid lineage. In this study, we used an HSPC transplantation model to investigate the possible direct interaction of β-glucan and its receptor (dectin-1) on HSPCs Purified HSPCs from bone marrow of B6Ly5.1 mice (CD45. Read More

Ann Pharm Fr 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire. Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, BP 98 rue Ouled Aissa, Jijel, Algérie. Electronic address:

Objective: Identifying plant extracts that could be used as new treatments for candidiasis and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Methods: In this work, we tested the activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Zingiber officinale on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The antimicrobial activity was first tested in vitro, then in vivo on mice and rats. Read More

Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020 Jun 21. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab). India.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infection caused by candida species, affecting 70% of the women. It may occur due to the imbalance in the vaginal micro-biodata, pregnancy, diabetes, use of antibiotics, frequent sexual activities or AIDS.

Aim: The main aim of this review is to provide overview about different vaginal delivery systems for the administration of antifungal agents like conventional, mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating delivery systems. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020 May 30;252:50-55. Epub 2020 May 30.

ASP 7, Ragusa Hospital, Italy.

Objectives: This study set out to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities of chronic vulvar pain. Secondary goals were to identify the preferred approaches for managing vulvodynia in Italy.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study (the VuNet -Vulvodynia Network project) was performed in consecutive female patients with chronic vulvar pain attending 21 Italian medical centers (public hospitals, university clinics and private outpatient services) in the period December 2016 to November 2018. Read More

Cell Microbiol 2020 Jun 18:e13238. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayered compartments released by virtually all living cells, including fungi. Among the diverse molecules carried by fungal EVs, a number of immunogens, virulence factors and regulators have been characterized. Within EVs, these components could potentially impact disease outcomes by interacting with the host. Read More

Hepatology 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Background & Aims: Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED), caused by autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations, manifests with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and multisystem autoimmunity, most often hypoparathyroidism (HP) and adrenal insufficiency (AI). European cohorts previously reported a ~10% prevalence of APECED-associated hepatitis (APAH) with presentations ranging from asymptomatic laboratory derangements to fatal fulminant hepatic failure. Herein, we characterized APAH in a large APECED cohort from the Americas. Read More

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.

Echinocandin B (ECB) is a key precursor of antifungal agent Anidulafungin, which has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with invasive candidiasis. In this study, the effects of microparticle-enhanced cultivation and methyl oleate on echinocandin B fermentation titer were investigated. The results showed that the titer was significantly influenced by the morphological type of mycelium, and mycelium pellet was beneficial to improve the titer of this secondary metabolism. Read More

Sci Transl Med 2020 Jun;12(548)

Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Disseminated candidiasis caused by the fungus is a major clinical problem in individuals with kidney disease and accompanying uremia; disseminated candidiasis fatality is twice as common in patients with uremia as those with normal kidney function. Many antifungal drugs are nephrotoxic, making treatment of these patients particularly challenging. The underlying basis for this impaired capacity to control infections in uremic individuals is poorly understood. Read More

Microb Cell Fact 2020 Jun 18;19(1):133. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity. Read More

Biofouling 2020 Jun 19:1-12. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

biofilms are responsible for oral candidiasis. Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant, with certain anti- activities. The antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with various antifungals against biofilms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in this study. Read More

Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 06 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

T helper 17 (Th17) are a CD4+ T subpopulation cells which are involved in the host protection against microbes such as extracellular and intracellular bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Monogenic defects including those mutations in some genes such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and 3, dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8), autoimmune regulator (AIRE), and interleukin 17 receptor A (IL-17RA) can lead to impairment in Th17 cell development and function along with the concomitant increased risk for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). The immunologic abnormalities in these patients include low frequency of Th17 cells; defective cutaneous or in vitro T cell response to Candida species, and/or autoantibodies against relevant cytokines. Read More