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Clin Infect Dis 2021 Jun 24. Epub 2021 Jun 24.

Front Microbiol 2021 7;12:692491. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a symptomatic inflammation of the vagina mainly caused by . Other species, such as , , , and , are mainly associated to the recurrent form of the disease (RVVC), although with a lower frequency. In its yeast form, is tolerated by the vaginal epithelium, but switching to the invasive hyphal form, co-regulated with the expression of genes encoding virulence factors such as secreted aspartyl proteases (Sap) and candidalysin, allows for tissue damage. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 Jun 23;12(1):3899. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany.

The ability of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to undergo a yeast-to-hypha transition is believed to be a key virulence factor, as filaments mediate tissue damage. Here, we show that virulence is not necessarily reduced in filament-deficient strains, and the results depend on the infection model used. We generate a filament-deficient strain by deletion or repression of EED1 (known to be required for maintenance of hyphal growth). Read More

mSphere 2021 Jun 23:e0040621. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Candida auris, a recently emergent fungal pathogen, has caused invasive infections in health care settings worldwide. Mortality rates approach 60% and hospital spread poses a public health threat. Compared to other spp. Read More

Microb Pathog 2021 Jun 19:105061. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico. Electronic address:

Invasive candidiasis is associated with a high incidence and mortality rates in infants, especially in preterm newborns. The immunopathogenesis of the mycosis during the neonatal period is poorly understood. Although several in vivo models exist to study invasive candidiasis, the majority of studies employ distinct routes of infection and use 2 to 6 day-old mice that could be less comparable in studying candidiasis in preterm infants. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(4):896-901

SHUPYK NATIONAL MEDICAL ACADEMY OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: To identify the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora in women with the past history of sexually transmitted infections.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A prospective study and the analysis of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora were conducted in 96 women of reproductive age with infertility after the past history of STIs, who planned to get pregnant using ART. Together they made up the group I (main group) and the CG included 30 women of reproductive age, who planned pregnancy without a compromised reproductive history. Read More

Microbiome 2021 06 21;9(1):142. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of invasive candidiasis, especially in newborn infants, and infections have been increasing over the past two decades. C. parapsilosis has been primarily studied in pure culture, leaving gaps in understanding of its function in a microbiome context. Read More

mBio 2021 Jun 22:e0053121. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.

Albumin is abundant in serum but is also excreted at mucosal surfaces and enters tissues when inflammation increases vascular permeability. Host-associated opportunistic pathogens encounter albumin during commensalism and when causing infections. Considering the ubiquitous presence of albumin, we investigated its role in the pathogenesis of infections with the model human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2021 May 29;14(8):1018-1020. Epub 2021 May 29.

School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) at the Permian Basin, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Candida infection is seen in patients with weak or disrupted host responses. Cutaneous candidiasis typically affects the intertriginous areas and presents with a red plaque surrounded by satellite lesions. Diagnosis of cutaneous candidiasis is made by visual inspection followed by potassium hydroxide normal saline microscopic preparation (wet mount) and polymerase chain reaction identification or culture of fungal organism. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 May 17;101(1):115431. Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Abnormal vaginal discharge may be caused by bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis and/or aerobic vaginitis. For the development of a diagnostic algorithm, tree-based classification analysis was performed on symptoms, signs and bedside test results of 56 patients, and laboratory tests (culture, Nugent score, qPCRs) were compared. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used as reference test for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis, culture for vulvovaginal candidiasis and qPCR for trichomoniasis. Read More

J Dent (Shiraz) 2021 Jun;22(2):118-124

Dept. of Oral Medicine of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

Statement Of The Problem: Various species of candida contribute to oral candidiasis. It is the time to shift from conventional rigid antimicrobial therapies to more patient specific and safer ones.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate antifungal effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Indocyanine green as photosensitizer and low-power laser irradiation on the viability of , , and , and to compare it with Nystatin as the conventional treatment. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2021 5;2021:9905474. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.

Invasive infections in immunocompetent children lead to high morbidity and mortality despite available treatment. and are the most common pathogens; however, there are newly emerging pathogenic non- species. Adenovirus accounts for at least 5-10% of respiratory infections in children, and specific serotypes are associated with severe pneumonia. Read More

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021 May;46(5):497-502

Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, China.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a kind of spherical DNA virus, which is related to many factors such as immune status and pregnancy. Due to the decrease of immunity, pregnant women are more likely to have HPV infection, which causes serious imbalance of vaginal microecology and is not beneficial to pregnancy outcome. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of HPV infection on vaginal microecology and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Read More

Phytomedicine 2021 May 29:153608. Epub 2021 May 29.

Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Referencia de Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina. Electronic address:

Background: Candida albicans is one of the most common causative of opportunistic infections. Treatment of candidiasis is challenging considering the few antifungal drugs available and the increase in resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a recently developed therapeutic option that combines a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and light to kill the microbial pathogens. Read More

J Mycol Med 2021 May 26;31(3):101158. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China. Electronic address:

Candida parapsilosis is a rare cause of primary cutaneous infection, with rare cases reported in the literature to date, most of the reports were immunocompromised individuals. Herein, we report two cases of primary cutaneous infection caused by C. parapsilosis in immunocompetent adults. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas (Área Clínica Médica), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address:

Infections caused by mucorales, with an increasing incidence after candidiasis and aspergillosis, are characterized by the fast angioinvasion of blood vessels and invasion of neighboring organs or structures. Mucorales most commonly cause rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, digestive or disseminated infections, and their spread is favored by certain underlying diseases (diabetes, kidney failure) and risk factors (neutropenia, immunosuppression, iron overload). These infections have a high mortality rate, over 40% in many series, and the key to their cure depends on both an early diagnosis and an antifungal treatment, associated in most cases with extensive surgical debridement and other adjunctive therapies. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2021 Jun 18. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

CharitéCentre 3, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4, 14197, Berlin, Germany.

Objectives: The epidemiologic distribution of non-albicans species in the oral cavity of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients remains uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the presence of C. dubliniensis and other non-albicans species. Read More

Med Mycol 2021 Jun 17. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVV) is a condition whose signs and symptoms are related to inflammation caused by Candida spp infection. It is the second leading cause of vaginitis in the world, representing a public health problem. The present systematic review comes with the proposal of analyze and identify the available evidence on CVV prevalence in Brazil, pointing out its variability by regions. Read More

Crit Care Explor 2021 Jun 11;3(6):e0430. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

To describe the epidemiology of superinfections (occurring > 48 hr after hospital admission) and their impact on the ICU and 28-day mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring mechanical ventilation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data.

Setting: University-affiliated adult ICU. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 26;2021:9982744. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Introduction: In the recent decade, the increased immunocompromised population such as diabetic patients makes a high incidence of invasive infections. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by many species of . Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 28;2021:5598907. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Social Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34159-14595, Iran.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by species is a prevalent fungal infection among women. It is believed that the pathogenesis of species is linked with the production of biofilm which is considered a virulence factor for this organism. The aim of this study was molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility, biomass quantification of biofilm, and detection of virulence markers of species. Read More

Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021 Jun 6;20(3):376-381. Epub 2021 Jun 6.

Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare group of genetic disorders characterized by infections with weakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) or Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Herein, we described the case of a 4.5-year-old boy with protein-losing enteropathy, lymphoproliferation, and candidiasis, who was found to have disseminated Mycobacterium simiae infection. Read More

Vaccine 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address:

The fungal genus Candida includes common commensals of the human mucosal membranes, and the most prevalently isolated species, C. albicans, poses a threat of candidemia and disseminated infection associated with an unacceptably high mortality rate and an immense $4 billion burden (US) yearly. Nevertheless, the demand for a vaccine remains wholly unfulfilled and increasingly pressing. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 26;11:681030. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

Neutrophils, the first line of the host's defense, use a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms to fight invading pathogens. One of the most crucial is the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the process called NETosis. The unique structure of NETs effectively inhibits the spread of pathogens and ensures their exposure to a high concentration of NET-embedded antimicrobial compounds. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 28;12:687280. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare monogenic autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Patients usually are diagnosed at ages between 5 and 15 years when they show 3 or more manifestations, most typically mucocutaneous candidiasis, Addison's disease, and hypoparathyroidism. APECED-associated hepatitis (APAH) develops in only 10% to 40% of patients, with severity varying from subclinical chronic active hepatitis to potentially fatal acute liver failure (ALF). Read More

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2021 Jun 14;11(1):17. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis (OC) and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia.

Methods: The medical records of 56 consecutive patients with a positive blood culture for Candida species between November 2016 and October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patient characteristics, isolated Candida species, treatment details for candidemia, and ocular findings were extracted to identify factors associated with OC development. Read More

Mycopathologia 2021 Jun 13. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 2.227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.

Candida yeasts are the most frequent in the vaginal content. This yeast may be a normal microbiota but also causes candidiasis. In symptomatic cases, primary candidiasis (VVC) or recurrence (RVVC) can be considered. Read More

Mycopathologia 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Parasitology, VMMU, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam.

Introduction: Candida species is the most common cause of invasive fungal infection. With the wide variation in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of causative agents, local epidemiological profiles are needed to provide effective guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.

Objective: To find out the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida strains isolated from patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) of Vietnam. Read More

Clin Exp Immunol 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are known to induce immune dysregulation and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC). Previous reports suggest an association between demodicosis and STAT1 GOF. However, immune characterization of these patients is lacking. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2021 Mar 16. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

1Departments of Internal Medicine 2Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan.

Background: Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (RBV) is a major challenge to effective therapy. Women suffering from intractable and frequent recurrences are ill-served by available treatment options both antimicrobial and use of probiotics.

Methods: One hundred and five women with RBV failing all recommended regimens seen in clinic were prescribed combination oral nitroimidazole 500mg bid for 7 days and simultaneous boric acid 600mg daily per vagina therapy for 30 days, there after by twice weekly vaginal metronidazole gel for five months in attempt to prevent recurrence and followed by a 6-month observation period. Read More