3,775,929 results match your criteria Cancer Associated and Related Autoimmune Retinopathies
Nucleic Acids Res 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a key factor activated by DNA damage and replication stress. An alternative pathway for ATR activation has been proposed to occur via stalled RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). However, how RNAPII might signal to activate ATR remains unknown. Read More
Neurosurgery 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
Background: Few studies have assessed the prognostic importance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan findings in patients undergoing en bloc resection of sacral chordomas.
Objective: To (1) report in-depth imaging characteristics of sacral chordomas, (2) describe the patterns of local and distant recurrence, and (3) determine imaging predictors of overall survival (OS) and local recurrence (LR).
Methods: This retrospective case series was obtained from a prospectively maintained spine database from 1995 to 2016. Read More
Sleep 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Sleep abnormalities are common among children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The human chr16p11.2 microdeletion is associated with a range of neurological and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Read More
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for the general population, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of screening for participants among Hitachi residents.
Materials And Methods: Citizens aged 50-74 who underwent low-dose computed tomography screening at least once during 1998-2006 were defined as the computed tomography group, and those who underwent X-ray screening at least once during the same period, but did not receive low-dose computed tomography screening throughout the follow-up period, were defined as the XP group. We investigated the lung cancer incidence rate, mortality rate and all-cause mortality rate for both groups from the first lung cancer screening to the end of 2012. Read More
Nucleic Acids Res 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Transfer RNA is heavily modified and plays a central role in protein synthesis and cellular functions. Here we demonstrate that ALKBH3 is a 1-methyladenosine (m1A) and 3-methylcytidine (m3C) demethylase of tRNA. ALKBH3 can promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Read More
Am J Clin Nutr 2018 Dec;108(6):1249-1258
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Background: Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that enzymes that synthesize and metabolize vitamin D are magnesium dependent. Recent observational studies found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D in relation to vitamin D status and risk of mortality. According to NHANES, 79% of US adults do not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowance of magnesium. Read More
ILAR J 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Radiology, Miller Research Building Molecular Imaging Service Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Preclinical noninvasive imaging can be an indispensable tool for studying animal models of disease. In vivo imaging to assess anatomical, functional, and molecular features requires verification by a comparison to the macroscopic and microscopic morphological features, since all noninvasive in vivo imaging methods have much lower resolution than standard histopathology. Comprehensive pathological evaluation of the animal model is underutilized; yet, many institutions have veterinary or human pathologists with necessary comparative pathology expertise. Read More
Fam Pract 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
The Health Improvement Institute (THIS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Background: Large variation in measures of diagnostic activity has been described previously between English general practices, but related predictors remain understudied.
Objective: To examine associations between general practice population and characteristics, with the use of urgent referrals for suspected cancer, and use of endoscopy.
Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of English general practices. Read More
Fam Pract 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Community Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University/University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria.
Background: Given the dearth of government-sponsored programmes, preventive lifestyles and practices are the realistic hopes for millions of women in developing countries against cervical cancer. Early interventions for teenage high school girls have been advocated recently, but evidence-base for sustainable activities at this demographic is lacking. This article reduces this gap by determining the impact of two cervical cancer education techniques. Read More
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
The classical cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can initially show good results and tumor shrinkage; however, for most cancer patients disease recurrence is a common event. This tumor regrowth following therapy is now thought to depend on a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which, similar to other stem cells, have the capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Cancer stem cells have been identified based on cell surface protein expression in many tumor types, and for all diseases studied, this specific cell population is required for serial transplantation in animal models. Read More
J Natl Cancer Inst 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify associations of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cancer risk but usually only explain a fraction of the inherited variability. Pathway analysis of genetic variants is a powerful tool to identify networks of susceptibility genes.
Methods: We conducted a large agnostic pathway-based meta-analysis of GWAS data using the summary-based adaptive rank truncated product method to identify gene sets and pathways associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in 9040 cases and 12 496 controls. Read More
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
Background: Application of next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) has recently become increasingly common in the field of clinical oncology in several countries around the world. In Japan also, a system for applying NGS to routine clinical practice is gradually being established. During this process, we introduced in Japan the tumor-profiling MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) assay. Read More
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
The eighth editions of the primary tumor, lymph node and metastasis classifications for breast cancer issued by the American Joint Commission of Cancer and the Union for International Cancer Control were revised in 2017. The major change made by the American Joint Commission of Cancer is to incorporate biological factors such as estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, histological grade and multigene prognostic assays, into the staging system. Tumor biomarkers and low recurrence scores confirmed by multigene prognostic assays change the staging. Read More
Hum Mol Genet 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
KU Leuven - Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
The role of somatic variants in diseases beyond cancer is increasingly being recognized, with potential roles in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, as mutation rates and allele fractions are lower, studies in these diseases are substantially less tolerant of false positives and bio-informatics algorithms require high replication rates. We developed a pipeline combining two variant callers, MuTect2 and VarScan2, with technical filtering and prioritization. Read More
ILAR J 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Research using laboratory animals has been revolutionized by the creation of humanized animal models, which are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human cells, tissues, or organs. These animal models provide the research community a unique and promising opportunity to mimic a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, from infectious disease to cancer. A vast majority of these models are humanized mice like those injected with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and patient-derived xenografts. Read More
Horm Res Paediatr 2018 Dec 12:1-14. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a common site of unintended, acquired disease either during or after the treatment of cancer. Children treated with external radiation therapy are at the highest risk for developing a thyroid-related late effect, but thyroid dysfunction and second primary thyroid neoplasms can also occur after treatment with radiopharmaceutical agents such as 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. Increasingly recognized is the development of early thyroid dysfunction as an off-target consequence of the more novel cancer therapeutics such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Read More
Ann Nutr Metab 2018 Dec 12;74(1):35-43. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Background: There is lack of evidence regarding nutritional management among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a population with relatively low body mass index. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the nutritional management in Japanese ICUs. Also, we investigated the impact of nutritional management and rehabilitation on physical outcome. Read More
Dig Surg 2018 Dec 12:1-8. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona,
Background: The prevalence of symptoms in pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) is mainly based on retrospective surgical series. The aim of this study is to describe the actual prevalence of symptoms in PCNs under surveillance.
Methods: Patients with PCNs under surveillance observed from 2015 to 2017 were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a specific interview. Read More
Dig Dis 2018 Dec 12:1-10. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Superficial neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract are usually asymptomatic, and often represent incidental findings on endoscopy. The Paris Classification was developed for the systematic evaluation of superficial lesions of the oesophagus, stomach and colon. The significance of this classification in clinical practice is that it allows the depth of invasion to be estimated. Read More
Gynecol Obstet Invest 2018 Dec 12:1-7. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan,
Objective: To compare survival endpoints between African American (AA) and non-AA (NAA) women with endometrial carcinoma (EC) stage I-II using a robust matching analysis.
Methods And Materials: Patients were matched by stage, grade, adjuvant management (surveillance, vaginal brachytherapy or pelvic radiation treatment), age, and year of hysterectomy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Read More
Oncology 2018 Dec 12:1-8. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City,
Objective: We aimed to study the prognostic role of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Material And Methods: We analyzed CIMP in stage I-IV CRC specimens from patients who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2013. CIMP status was determined using a 5-gene MethyLight-based assay. Read More
Psychother Psychosom 2018 Dec 12:1-3. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Public Health Genomics 2018 Dec 12:1-14. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Background: Family health history tools have the ability to improve health outcomes and promote patient-provider communication, but some research suggests their effectiveness is limited. Tool design features may heavily influence users' perceptions of the tools.
Aims: This study provides a summative evaluation of the Family HealthLink tool, which assesses cancer and coronary heart disease risk based on personal and family health history, to better understand how tool design and message content impact user perceptions. Read More
Phys Med Biol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX 75235, Dallas, Texas, 75205, UNITED STATES.
The aim of this work is to develop a novel recursive ensemble OARs segmentation (REOS) framework for accurate organs-at-risk (OARs) automatic segmentation. The REOS recursively segment individual OARs by ensembling images features extracted from an organ localization module and a contour detection module. Both modules are based on a 3D U-Net architecture. Read More
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018 Dec 3;175:248-255. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion & New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China. Electronic address:
To realize efficiently cellular uptake and enhance the immunostimulation, thiolated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were self-assembled on hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) to form CpG-HGNs. The cellular uptake of CpG-HGNs in immune cells was studied in RAW 264.7 cells. Read More
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018 Dec 5;175:239-247. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address:
Chemotherapy is an important first-line strategy for tumor therapy in cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major problem that reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Herein, we report a novel photothermally controlled intelligent drug release system (AuNP@mSiO-DOX-FA) with a large amount of drugs loading for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of MDR in breast cancer. The nanoplatform utilized gold nanoparticles as a hyperthermia core, and large-mesoporous silica as a shell for doxorubicin (DOX) loading. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):3215-3228.e9
Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Electronic address:
Molecular- and cellular-based therapies have the potential to reduce obesity-associated disease. In response to cold, beige adipocytes form in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and convert energy stored in metabolic substrates to heat, making them an attractive therapeutic target. We developed a robust method to generate a renewable source of human beige adipocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):3047-3058.e4
Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Highly glycolytic cancer cells prevent intracellular acidification by excreting the glycolytic end-products lactate and H via the monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4). We report that syrosingopine, an anti-hypertensive drug, is a dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor (with 60-fold higher potency on MCT4) that prevents lactate and H efflux. Syrosingopine elicits synthetic lethality with metformin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):3036-3046.e6
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA. Electronic address:
IL-10 functions as a suppressor of colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer, but it is also a risk locus associated with ulcerative colitis. The mechanism underlying the contrasting roles of IL-10 in inflammation and colon cancer is unknown. We report here that inflammation induces the accumulation of CD11bGr1 myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that express high levels of IL-10 in colon tissue. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):3021-3035.e5
Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are thought to be the major cause of the recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to their potential for self-renewal. To identify therapeutic strategies targeting LSCs, while sparing healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we performed gene expression profiling of LSCs, HSCs, and leukemic progenitors all residing within the same AML bone marrow and identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as differentially expressed. Low IGFBP7 is a feature of LSCs and is associated with reduced chemotherapy sensitivity. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):3006-3020.e7
Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Urology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address:
There is a considerable need to identify those individuals with prostate cancer who have indolent disease. We propose that genes that control adult stem cell homeostasis in organs with slow turnover, such as the prostate, control cancer fate. One such gene, KLF4, overexpressed in murine prostate stem cells, regulates their homeostasis, blocks malignant transformation, and controls the self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):2992-3005.e5
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Electronic address:
Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) maintain hematopoietic output throughout an animal's lifespan. However, with age, the balance is disrupted, and LT-HSCs produce a myeloid-biased output, resulting in poor immune responses to infectious challenge and the development of myeloid leukemias. Here, we show that young and aged LT-HSCs respond differently to inflammatory stress, such that aged LT-HSCs produce a cell-intrinsic, myeloid-biased expression program. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):2972-2980.e5
Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address:
PARP inhibitors have shown promising clinical activities for patients with BRCA mutations and are changing the landscape of ovarian cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of action for PARP inhibition in the interaction of tumors with the tumor microenvironment and the host immune system remain unclear. We find that PARP inhibition by olaparib triggers robust local and systemic antitumor immunity involving both adaptive and innate immune responses through a STING-dependent antitumor immune response in mice bearing Brca1-deficient ovarian tumors. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):2955-2962.e3
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Double homeobox (DUX) transcription factors are unique to eutherian mammals. DUX4 regulates expression of repetitive elements during early embryogenesis, but misexpression of DUX4 causes facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and translocations overexpressing the DUX4 double homeodomain cause B cell leukemia. Here, we report the crystal structure of the tandem homeodomains of DUX4 bound to DNA. Read More
Cell Rep 2018 Dec;25(11):2946-2954.e5
Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address:
Fibrillarin (FBL) is a dual-function nucleolar protein that catalyzes 2'-O methylation of pre-rRNA and methylation of histone H2A at glutamine 104 (H2AQ104me). The mechanisms that regulate FBL activity are unexplored. Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7. Read More
Cancer Lett 2018 Dec 9. Epub 2018 Dec 9.
Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China, 515041. Electronic address:
Bone metastasis causes bone pain and pathological bone fracture in breast cancer patients with a serious complication. Previous studies have demonstrated that a novel phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR inhibitor PKI-402 suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the role of PKI-402 involved in osteolysis induced by breast cancer remains unclear. Read More
FASEB J 2018 Dec 12:fj201801973R. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA; and.
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that maintains genome stability, but its Δ133p53β and Δ160p53β isoforms promote breast cancer cell invasion. The sequence truncations in the p53 core domain raise key questions related to their physicochemical properties, including structural stabilities, interaction mechanisms, and DNA-binding abilities. Herein, we investigated the conformational dynamics of Δ133p53β and Δ160p53β with and without binding to p53-specific DNA by using molecular dynamics simulations. Read More
Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Dec;97(12):E7-E10
University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Cystic neck masses in the pediatric population are common but rarely concerning for malignancy. Given this typically benign nature, they are frequently managed conservatively. Here we present an unusual case of a waxing and waning cystic neck mass in a pediatric patient. Read More
Magy Onkol 2018 Dec 10;62(4):258-263. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
Uzsoki Utcai Kórház, Fõvárosi Onkoradiológiai Központ, Budapest, Hungary.
At present an estimated hundred millions of women worldwide use oral contraception, but the influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis of breast is not fully understood. Previous studies of breast cancer risk show inconsistent findings - from zero elevation to approximately 30%-40% increase in risk. The beneficial effect on ovarian and endometrial cancer risk is apparent. Read More
Magy Onkol 2018 Dec 10;62(4):249-257. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
Onkológiai Tanszék, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Budapest, Hungary.
We present the early clinical results achieved with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) with combined intracavitary-interstitial (IC-IS) technique recently implemented in Hungary in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Twenty-one patients were treated with radio-chemotherapy (RCT) followed by combined IC-IS BT. At the end of the RCT we assessed the residual tumour with pelvic MRI. Read More
Magy Onkol 2018 Dec 31;62(4):242-248. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Onkológiai Tanszék, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Budapest, Hungary.
Our aim was the dosimetric evaluation of intracavitary-interstitial high-dose-rate image-guided adaptive cervix brachytherapy, implemented in Hungary. Between 2016 and 2018, 21 patients with cervical cancer were treated with overall 72 fractions. Graphical optimized treatment plans were compared to inverse optimized plans, 3D optimized plans (without needles) and conventional intracavitary 2D plans. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0209034. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
Genetic manipulation of NOD/SCID (NS) mice has yielded numerous sub-strains with specific traits useful for the study of human hematopoietic xenografts, each with unique characteristics. Here, we have compared the engraftment and output of umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ cells in four immune-deficient strains: NS, NS with additional IL2RG knockout (NSG), NS with transgenic expression of human myeloid promoting cytokines SCF, GM-CSF, and IL-3 (NSS), and NS with both IL2RG knockout and transgenic cytokine expression (NSGS). Overall engraftment of human hematopoietic cells was highest in the IL2RG knockout strains (NSG and NSGS), while myeloid cell output was notably enhanced in the two strains with transgenic cytokine expression (NSS and NSGS). Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208920. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Clinical Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Bortezomib, a first generation proteasome inhibitor, is used in both newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma settings. Considerable differences exist in the usage of bortezomib therapy in the clinical practice setting in comparison to clinical trial setting as well manufacturer's recommendations. These differences include route of administration (intravenous (iv) vs. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208572. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Background: Anastomotic leakage can be classified by free and contained leakage according to clinical manifestations. The risk factors and their comparison between these leakage subtypes are uncertain. This study aims to evaluate anastomotic leakage patterns and to compare clinical features between free and contained leakages after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208950. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Background: Social denormalisation of smoking can provide an environment that helps smokers to quit. This study examined which of three measures of anti-smoking social norms have the greatest influence on quitting-related cognitions and behaviours, and if this influence differs according to socioeconomic status (SES).
Methods: The Victorian Tracking Survey measured social norms among 1,348 (n(weighted) = 1,373) Australian adult smokers (aged 18-59) between 2012 and 2014, who were followed-up one week later. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208409. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS University, Meerut, India.
RWP-RKs represent a small family of transcription factors (TFs) that are unique to plants and function particularly under conditions of nitrogen starvation. These RWP-RKs have been classified in two sub-families, NLPs (NIN-like proteins) and RKDs (RWP-RK domain proteins). NLPs regulate tissue-specific expression of genes involved in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and RKDs regulate expression of genes involved in gametogenesis/embryogenesis. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0207820. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Two hundred patients with severe and/or life-threatening disease were recruited form the NIH Clinical Center and participated in the validation of the NIH-HEALS, which included exploratory factor analysis, principal component analysis, reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity analyses. Item-reducing principal components analysis and internal consistency and split-half reliability demonstrated excellent internal consistency and split-half reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, split-half reliability = 0. Read More
PLoS Genet 2018 Dec 12;14(12):e1007821. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome resulting in aplastic anemia, developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to hematological and other solid organ malignancies. Mutations in genes that encode proteins of the FA pathway fail to orchestrate the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA interstrand crosslinks. Zebrafish harbor homologs for nearly all known FA genes. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0206579. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Multistage tumorigenesis is a dynamic process characterized by the accumulation of mutations. Thus, a tumor mass is composed of genetically divergent cell subclones. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS), mathematical models have been recently developed to decompose tumor subclonal architecture from a collective genome sequencing data. Read More
PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0207140. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
R&D Alternative Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) is a basic helix-loop-helix 9 (bHLH) transcription factor acting downstream of Notch and is required for the differentiation of sensory hair cells in the inner ear and the specification of secretory cells during the intestinal crypt cell regeneration. Motivated by the observations that the upregulation of Atoh1 gene expression, through genetic manipulation or pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling (e.g. Read More