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Phys Sportsmed 2022 May 27:1-6. Epub 2022 May 27.

Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA.

Ice hockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high rate of injury. While many of the injuries are acute and related to high skating speeds, frequent collisions, and sharp skates, the clinician must also be aware of the chronic injuries that commonly arise from playing this sport. The "Bauer bump" is one such chronic injury, which is the onset of Haglund syndrome in ice hockey players occurring in the context of wearing ice hockey skates. Read More

J Foot Ankle Surg 2022 Mar-Apr;61(2):410-413. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Chief, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Muehlenkreiskliniken, Luebbecke, Germany. Electronic address:

Achilles tendon rupture is a common problem affecting both high level and casual athletes. Haglund´s deformity is an abnormality of the postero-superior part of the calcaneus, which often leads to retro-calcaneal bursitis as well as thickening and inflammation of the calcaneal tendon, a combination of pathologies known as Haglund's syndrome. We report a rare case of a relapse Achilles tendon rupture in a 39-year-old professional handball player with a pronounced painful Haglund´s deformity treated with tendon debridement and reattachment using the Arthrex Speedbridge® system. Read More

Foot Ankle Spec 2021 Oct 25:19386400211034680. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey (TEG, HES, QTC); NYU Winthrop Hospital, Garden City, New York (MCC).

Background: Operative treatment of chronic Achilles insertional tendinosis (AIT) involves tendon debridement, removal of the retrocalcaneal bursitis, and excision of the calcaneal exostosis, often followed by repair of the Achilles tendon and deep tendon transfer. The literature describes a variety of techniques without a single standard of care.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 57 patients treated with an excisional debridement of the central portion of the Achilles tendon. Read More

Foot Ankle Surg 2022 Feb 12;28(2):269-275. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.

Background And Purpose: The Haglund's deformity, which may be difficult to treat non-surgically, is caused by a prominent bone hump in the posterosuperior region of the calcaneus and may be associated with bursitis and foot pain. Many surgical treatments for resistant Haglund deformities have been described. Here, we evaluate the AOFAS scores, pain and other characteristics of patients undergoing removal of the dorsally based wedge from the posterior calcaneus with the Keck and Kelly procedure. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2021 Oct;30(4):903-906

Dr Khandaker Hafijur Rahman, Resident Surgeon, Department of Emergency and Casualty, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Retrocalcaneal bursitis is one of the important causes of posterior heel pain which is due to repetitive friction of the retrocalcaneal bursa between the postero-superior calcaneal tuberosity (haglund deformity) and Achilles tendon. Most of the patients are treated by conservative methods. But when the condition becomes chronic and not responding to the conservative treatment, surgical treatment is an option of these cases. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2021 May 18;11(5). Epub 2021 May 18.

University Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Septic subtendinous calcaneal bursitis in cattle commonly results from hock lesions, and less commonly from penetrating wounds. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic imaging findings, outcomes, postoperative complications and postoperative survival times (SURV-T) in cattle with this condition. Clinical data from 29 cattle with a mean age of 4. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2021 Apr 28;9(5). Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova-Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy.

Haglund's syndrome (HS) is a painful condition that is caused by an exostosis of the posterior superior part of the calcaneus coupled with Achilles tendinopathy and retrocalcaneal bursitis. Both for the proper musculoskeletal assessment and for the differential diagnosis process of possible concurrent diseases deriving from other anatomical areas, the diagnosis of HS is still a challenge. A 41-year-old male amateur runner was diagnosed and treated for low back pain and referred leg pain by his general practitioner. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 03 11;18(6). Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Faculty of Applied Mathematics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the shape of the calcaneal tuberosity (flat, stepped, rounded, normal) and the probability that retrocalcaneal bursitis among people who train running regularly.

Methods: The study included a group of 30 runners who suffered from retrocalcaneal bursitis in the past, and 30 people who never had symptoms of this disease. The study was based on a diagnostic survey, as well as on clinical examination. Read More

Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021 Apr 13;38(2):165-181. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.

Calcification of the posterior portion of the calcaneus has numerous terms that refer to this pathology. Given the number of names, there can be confusion when discussing the different pathologies involving calcification at the insertion of the Achilles tendon at the calcaneus. Two of the diagnosis that can be confused with each other are Haglund's deformity and Achilles insertional calcific tendinosis. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Mar;49(3):300060521992959

Centre for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, 12525Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Objective: To analyse the imaging changes in bone marrow oedema of the calcaneal prominence, retrocalcaneal bursa and degenerative Achilles tendon after the surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT).

Methods: This retrospective study analysed patients with IAT and retrocalcaneal bursitis that were diagnosed based on their symptoms and radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. For patients that had received 3 months of conservative treatment but still presented with symptoms, arthroscopic debridement of the retrocalcaneal bursa and resection of calcaneal prominence were undertaken. Read More

Georgian Med News 2020 Oct(307):44-49

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"; "City Clinical Hospital. V.M. Buyanova of the Moscow Department of Health ", Moscow, Russia.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic calcaneoplasty for the treatment of posterior calcaneal bursitis and Haglund's disease. The study involved 28 patients who underwent 30 arthroscopic surgeries for Haglund's disease from 2015 to 2019. Retrocalcanealneoplasty and supracalcaneoplasty were performed using a shaver, an ablator; with the help of a drill, the bone was resected until the contact in the Achilles tendon was eliminated in the position of dorsiflexion of the foot. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021 Aug 20;29(8):2462-2484. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genova, Italy.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to report the clinical outcome following surgical correction of Haglund's deformity summarising different surgical strategies and comparing clinical outcomes, failures, complications and return to activities of patients underwent open and endoscopic techniques.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using eight different databases. Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Nov 13;10(11). Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 543 Taylor Ave, Columbus, OH 43203, USA.

Enthesitis is a cardinal feature of spondyloarthropathies. The Achilles insertion on the calcaneus is a commonly evaluated enthesis located at the hindfoot, generally resulting in hindfoot pain and possible tendon enlargement. For decades, diagnosis of enthesitis was based upon patient history of hindfoot or posterior ankle pain and clinical examination revealing tenderness and/or enlargement at the site of the tendon insertion. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2021 Jan;46(1):45-46

Haglund syndrome-the combination of Haglund's deformity, retrocalcaneal bursitis, and achilles tendinopathy-is a common cause of hind foot pain in adults; however, diagnosis on planar scintigraphy can be challenging. We present a case of Haglund syndrome and show the key role that SPECT/CT can play in its diagnosis. Read More

Foot Ankle Surg 2021 Jun 8;27(4):421-426. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Medipol University, Medical School, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.

Background: Haglund syndrom is characterized as a painful posterosuperior deformity of the heel with possible causes as tight Achilles tendon, high-arched foot and tendency to walk on the outside of the heel. Surgical treatment may be recommended in cases where of insufficient response to nonoperative treatment. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of central Achilles tendon splitting and double-row suture anchor technique in the surgical treatment of patients with Haglund syndrome. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2020 Sep 6;9(5):3546-3552. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Rearfoot disorders are frequently encountered in clinical practice. We reviewed common rearfoot disorders and present conservative treatments, focusing on shoe modification and the application of insoles or orthoses. Achilles tendinopathy is caused by excessive mechanical loads on the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Read More

Int Orthop 2021 01 7;45(1):225-231. Epub 2020 Aug 7.

Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20100, Milan, Italy.

Purpose: In this study, we performed a comparison between open calcaneoplasty through transtendinous approach and endoscopic calcaneoplasty for Haglund's disease.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who had undergone either a calcaneoplasty with transtendinous approach or endoscopic for Haglund's disease from three centres. Inclusion criteria were patients with Haglund's disease confirmed radiographically, neutral alignment of the hindfoot and at least one year of follow-up. Read More

Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020 3;11:2040622320944793. Epub 2020 Aug 3.

Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.

Background: Posterior heel pain may occur after an Achilles insertional rupture reattachment procedure and could be attributed to an impingement between the calcaneal tuberosity and Achilles tendon, which could be observed using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, such impingement, which may be associated with postoperative pain symptoms, could be relieved by calcaneoplasty.

Methods: Postoperative Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot Function Index (FFI), Ankle Activity Score (AAS), and Tegner score were obtained and compared between 10 patients who underwent calcaneoplasty (calcaneoplasty group) and 11 patients who did not receive calcaneoplasty (non-calcaneoplasty group). Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021 May 25;29(5):1494-1501. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after endoscopic calcaneoplasty. The secondary objectives were to assess functional outcome measures, pain scores, analysis of bone removal, reformation of exostosis at follow-up and correlation of the size of the exostosis and recurrent or persisting complaints.

Methods: This study evaluated patients who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty, between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2010, for the diagnosis of retrocalcaneal bursitis. Read More

Ter Arkh 2019 Dec 15;91(12):21-28. Epub 2019 Dec 15.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.

Damage to periarticular soft tissues is a common pathology that causes severe pain and impaired function of the musculoskeletal system.

Aim: To determine the frequency, nature and clinical features of damage to periarticular soft tissues in real clinical practice, as well as the effectiveness of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the debut of treatment of this pathology.

Materials And Methods: During the observational study, the frequency of defeat of the periarticular soft tissues in the structure of visits to 68 outpatient orthopedic surgeons in different cities of Russia for 1 month was estimated. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2020 Jan-Jun;6(1):2055116920909668. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Case Summary: A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with an 18-month history of intermittent lameness on all four limbs. The cat was markedly lame on all four limbs. There was alternation between toe-walking on the forelimbs with a hunched posture and using the dorsal aspect of the carpi to walk on. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020 Jan-Feb;38 Suppl 123(1):31-39. Epub 2020 Feb 11.

Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Italy.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of clinical and particularly ultrasonographic signs of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), fibromyalgia (FM), or both. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of FM on disease activity and clinimetric scores.

Methods: This single-centre, observational cross-sectional study involved 101 consenting patients: 39 with PsA (CASPAR criteria), 23 with FM (2016 criteria), and 39 with both. Read More

Reumatismo 2020 Jan 28;71(4):230-234. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo.

In early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), proliferative synovitis sometimes occurs earlier in the tenosynovium or bursal synovium than in the articular synovium. Here we report two patients who presented with subcalcaneal bursitis while progressing from undifferentiated arthritis with high-titer anti-CCP antibodies (ACPA) to a diagnosis of RA. They had initially presented with palindromic transient pain in the hands and the feet. Read More

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2019 Oct 21;47(5):316-325. Epub 2019 Oct 21.

Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.

Two cows were referred to our clinic with moderate to severe hindlimb lameness due to infected wounds over the lateral and caudal aspect of tuber calcanei (TC) with regional swelling, consistent with septic subtendinous calcaneal bursitis. Ultrasonography (7.5 MHz linear probe) revealed fibrinous/fibrino-purulent inflammatory bursal effusions in both cows, complete rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon and a small, circumscribed, irregular and rough bone contour of the TC in case 2. Read More

Foot Ankle Clin 2019 Sep 18;24(3):515-531. Epub 2019 May 18.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, 9 Po Kin Road, Sheung Shui, NT, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.

Haglund syndrome is a triad of posterosuperior calcaneal prominence (Haglund deformity), retrocalcaneal bursitis, and insertional Achilles tendinopathy. The sources of pain include the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage, retrocalcaneal and subcutaneous adventitial bursa, and the Achilles tendon. Resection of the posterosuperior calcaneal tubercle, bursectomy, excision of the Achilles tendon pathology, reattachment of the Achilles tendon, gastrocnemius aponeurotic recession, and flexor hallucis longus transfer have been proposed as surgical treatment options. Read More

J Foot Ankle Surg 2019 Sep 23;58(5):855-860. Epub 2019 Jul 23.

Attending, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Posterior heel pain is a common complaint that is often caused by overuse injuries. In such cases, the retrocalcaneal bursa is compressed and chafed repeatedly, leading to local inflammation. Sonography is a popular imaging tool used to study the pathology of soft tissues, and it can be used to assist in diagnosing bursitis because of its accuracy. Read More

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2019 Apr;80(4):192-195

Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn.

Heel pain is a common presentation in primary care and affects a wide range of the population but predominantly elderly, obese and athletic patients. History and clinical assessment are paramount in the management of this condition but the presentation can confound clinicians, necessitating the use of imaging to confirm or clarify the diagnosis when there is clinical uncertainty. This article illustrates the various conditions producing heel pain to help clinicians determine the appropriate imaging modality to image the common causes of heel pain. Read More

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2019 Apr;80(4):196-200

Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn.

Heel pain presents frequently to primary care, commonly affecting athletic and elderly patients. Its presentation can be a common source of confusion for clinicians given the wide variety of differential diagnoses and the similarities in presenting symptoms and signs. This review classifies heel pain according to site of pain and explores the common pathologies clinicians may encounter. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019 Jul 21;139(7):903-906. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.

Introduction: Heel pain is one of the common reasons why patients consult orthopaedic surgeons in an outpatient setting. The dorsal heel pain is often caused by a Haglund's deformity which is an exostosis of the posterior superior calcaneus. It often leads to Haglund's syndrome with calcaneal bursitis and Achilles tendinosis. Read More

J Foot Ankle Surg 2019 Mar 3;58(2):236-242. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Director of Residency Training, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, West Penn Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address:

Calcific insertional Achilles tendinopathy (CIAT) is a relatively common musculoskeletal entity that results in significant pain and disability, as well as posterior muscle group weakness. There is a lack of evidence criteria to support the timing of operative intervention, choice of procedures, or whether equinus requires treatment. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review 45 patients (48 feet) who have undergone surgical management of CIAT with concomitant posterior muscle group weakness with the single heel rise testing. Read More