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    Bullous pemphigoid induced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Eight cases with clinical and immunological characterization.
    Int J Dermatol 2018 Apr 23. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
    Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
    Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have increasingly been identified as causative agents of bullous pemphigoid. The clinical and immunological characteristics of this pemphigoid variant are still unclear. The objective of our study was to analyze the clinical and immunological features of patients with pemphigoid induced by DPP-4 inhibitors. Read More
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    Bullous Pemphigoid: A 10-Year Study of Discordant Results on Direct Immunofluorescence.
    J Cutan Med Surg 2018 Apr 1:1203475418773359. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
    1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune disorder characterized by tense bullae. It is associated with circulating autoantibodies against BP antigen-1 and BP antigen-2. Diagnosis is based upon clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic examination. Read More
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    [Dermatologic toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors].
    Ann Dermatol Venereol 2018 Apr 17. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
    Oncodermatologie, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
    The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4) represents a significant advance in the treatment of multiple cancers. Given their particular mechanism of action, which involves triggering CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation and proliferation, they are associated with a specific safety profile. Their adverse events are primarily immune-related, and can affect practically all organs. Read More
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    Peripheral eosinophilia in bullous pemphigoid: Prevalence and influence on the clinical manifestation.
    Br J Dermatol 2018 Apr 16. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
    Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
    Background: Peripheral eosinophilia has been reported in 50-60% of bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients and correlated positively with disease severity. The association of peripheral eosinophilia with the different morphological characteristics of BP and the presence of tissue eosinophilia has not been established.

    Methods: The study was designed as a case-control study. Read More
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    Mucosal Involvement in Bullous Pemphigoid Is Mostly Associated with Disease Severity and to Absence of Anti-BP230 Autoantibody.
    Front Immunol 2018 13;9:479. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
    Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA7319, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune bullous disease and typically affects the elderly. Binding of specific autoantibodies to BP180/230 hemidesmosomal components induces an inflammatory response leading to skin blister formation. Unusual manifestations of BP include additional mucous membrane involvement, without pathophysiological knowledge associated to the formation of these lesions. Read More
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    Bullous pemphigoid associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a hepatitis B virus endemic area: A case report.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Apr;97(15):e0377
    Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
    Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid is a type of acute or chronic autoimmune disease that involves subepidermal skin lesions with bulla formation. Although viral infections, such as, human herpes virus (HHV), human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HHV-6, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are known factors of bullous pemphigoid, HCV infection has only been rarely associated factor, especially in HBV endemic area. A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to erythematous bulla of onset 3 months before presentation affecting his entire body. Read More
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    From HSV infection to erythema multiforme through autoimmune crossreactivity.
    Autoimmun Rev 2018 Apr 7. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
    Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address:
    Scientific and clinical data indicate that human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and, at a lesser extent, human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) are factor(s) implicated in the development of erythema multiforme (EM). With a focus on oral EM, the present structured review of proteomic and epitope databases searched for the molecular basis that might link HSV1 and HSV2 infections to EM. It was found that a high number of peptides are shared between the two HSVs and human proteins related to the oral mucosa. Read More
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    A review of bullous pemphigoid associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
    Int J Dermatol 2018 Apr 6. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
    Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Background: Dermatologic toxicity represents a substantial portion of all immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare cutaneous side effect of these medications, which can initially be clinically indistinguishable from other, low-grade cutaneous toxicity.

    Objective: To better characterize the clinical features of BP associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, evaluate the efficacy of various treatment regimens, determine the frequency of prodromal pruritus, and assess whether immunological diagnostic studies for BP are warranted in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors who develop intractable pruritus. Read More
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    Acute mucocutaneous methotrexate toxicity with marked tissue eosinophilia.
    BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 7;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
    Methotrexate toxicity in mucocutaneous areas is usually not associated with tissue eosinophilia. We describe a case of acute methotrexate-induced mucocutaneous erosions with interface dermatitis and eosinophils. A 76-year-old African-American woman with a history of bullous pemphigoid on methotrexate therapy presented with lower extremity cellulitis, developing oral and cutaneous erosions during hospitalization after daily dosage of methotrexate. Read More
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    Th1/Th17 cell recognition of desmoglein 3 and bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 in lichen planus.
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018 Apr 4. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
    Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. Electronic address:
    We identified Th1/Th17 cell responses against desmoglein 3 and bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 in lichen planus. In contrast, patients with pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid showed significantly higher Th2 cell responses against these autoantigens. Read More
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    Detection of anti-BP180 NC16A autoantibodies after the onset of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid: A report of three cases.
    Br J Dermatol 2018 Apr 6. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
    Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune blistering disorder in which autoantibodies (autoAbs) target two hemidesmosomal components (BP180/collagen XVII and BP230) in basal keratinocytes, and 80 to 90% of BP cases have autoAbs targeting the juxtamembranous extracellular NC16A domain of BP180 (anti-BP180 NC16A autoAbs). Recently, increasing numbers of BP cases associated with the administration of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4i) for the treatment of type II diabetes have been reported, although the association remains controversial. Our recent reports suggested that DPP4i-associated BP (DPP4i-BP) tends to show a "non-inflammatory" phenotype characterized by no or mild erythema, and these DPP4i-BP patients have autoAbs that preferentially target the mid-portion of the extracellular domain of BP180 but not the NC16A domain. Read More
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    Comorbidities of bullous pemphigoid in a Finnish cohort.
    Eur J Dermatol 2018 Apr 5. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
    University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of dermatology, allergology and venereology, 00029 HUS, Finland.
    The incidence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is increasing in Finland. To investigate the clinical presentation, comorbidities, and medications in a cohort of Finnish patients with confirmed BP managed in a university hospital setting. An observational retrospective study of all consecutive patients diagnosed with BP in 2012-2013 at the Department of dermatology, HUCH. Read More
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    Anti-Type VII Collagen Antibodies Are Identified in a Subpopulation of Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Relapse.
    Front Immunol 2018 21;9:570. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
    Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease characterized by anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 autoantibodies (AAbs). Mucous membrane involvement is an uncommon clinical feature of BP which may evoke epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, another skin autoimmune disease characterized by anti-type VII collagen AAbs. We therefore evaluated the presence of anti-type VII collagen AAbs in the serum of BP patients with and without mucosal lesions at time of diagnosis and under therapy. Read More
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    Immune Toxicity with Checkpoint Inhibition for Metastatic Melanoma: Case Series and Clinical Management.
    J Skin Cancer 2018 21;2018:9602540. Epub 2018 Jan 21.
    Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies) are a standard of care for advanced melanoma. Novel toxicities comprise immune-related adverse events (irAE). With increasing use, irAE require recognition, practical management strategies, and multidisciplinary care. Read More
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    Prospective study in bullous pemphigoid: Association of high serum anti-BP180 IgG levels with increased mortality and reduced Karnofsky score.
    Br J Dermatol 2018 Apr 1. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
    Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
    Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against the two hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (type XVII collagen) and BP230. The multicenter prospective BLISTER (Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines) trial randomized 253 BP patients to compare the benefits and harms between initial treatment with doxycycline or prednisolone.

    Objectives: To analyze distinct autoantibody profiles for the prediction of the disease course in a well characterized cohort of BP sera. Read More
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    Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Triggers Onset of Bullous Pemphigoid in a Patient with Advanced Melanoma Treated with Nivolumab.
    Case Rep Oncol 2018 Jan-Apr;11(1):114-118. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
    Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
    Since the efficacy of ipilimumab on nivolumab-resistant advanced melanoma is extremely low, additional supportive therapy for anti-PD-1 antibody therapy-resistant advanced melanoma is needed. Although several supportive therapies that enhance the antitumor immune response of anti-PD-1 antibodies have already been reported, unexpected immune-related adverse events were detected at the same time. In this report, we describe a patient with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which might have triggered bullous pemphigoid (BP). Read More
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    Life before and beyond blistering: The role of collagen XVII in epidermal physiology.
    Exp Dermatol 2018 Mar 31. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
    Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
    Type XVII collagen (COL17) is a transmembranous protein that is mainly expressed in the epidermal basal keratinocytes. Epidermal-dermal attachment requires COL17 expression at the hemidesmosomes of the epidermal basement membrane zone because congenital COL17 deficiency leads to junctional epidermolysis bullosa and acquired autoimmunity to COL17 induces bullous pemphigoid. Recently, in addition to facilitating epidermal-dermal attachment, COL17 has been reported to serve as a niche for hair follicle stem cells, to regulate proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis and to be present along the non-hemidesmosomal plasma membrane of epidermal basal keratinocytes. Read More
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    The critical role of C5a as an initiator of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune inflammation of the joint and skin.
    Semin Immunol 2018 Mar 27. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
    Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    The deposition of IgG autoantibodies in peripheral tissues and the subsequent activation of the complement system, which leads to the accumulation of the anaphylatoxin C5a in these tissues, is a common hallmark of diverse autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pemphigoid diseases (PDs). C5a is a potent chemoattractant for granulocytes and mice deficient in its precursor C5 or its receptor C5aR1 are resistant to granulocyte recruitment and, consequently, to tissue inflammation in several models of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism whereby C5a/C5aR regulates granulocyte recruitment in these diseases has remained elusive. Read More
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    Bullous pemphigoid: Italian guidelines adapted from EDF/EADV guidelines.
    G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Mar 30. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
    Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
    Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. This disease typically affects the elderly and presents with itch and localised or generalised bullous lesions. In up to 20% of affected patients blister may be completely absent, and only excoriations, prurigo-like lesions, eczematous lesions, urticated lesions, and/or infiltrated plaques are observed. Read More
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    Tissue Destruction in Bullous Pemphigoid Can Be Complement Independent and May Be Mitigated by C5aR2.
    Front Immunol 2018 15;9:488. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
    Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most frequent autoimmune bullous disorder, is a paradigmatic autoantibody-mediated disease associated with autoantibodies against BP180 (type XVII collagen, Col17). Several animal models have been developed that reflect important clinical and immunological features of human BP. Complement activation has been described as a prerequisite for blister formation, however, the recent finding that skin lesions can be induced by anti-Col17 F(ab') fragments indicates complement-independent mechanisms to contribute to blister formation in BP. Read More
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    Type I Gaucher disease with bullous pemphigoid and Parkinson disease: A case report.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Mar;97(13):e0188
    Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva.
    Rationale: Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. GD is due to the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, acid beta-glucosidase (or glucocerebrosidase). Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, anemia, an enlarged spleen, and liver as well as bone complications (Erlenmeyer flask deformity, osteoporosis, lytic lesions, pathological and vertebral fractures, bone infarcts, and avascular necrosis leading to degenerative arthropathy). Read More
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    Identification of immunodominant Th2 cell epitopes in Chinese bullous pemphigoid patients.
    J Invest Dermatol 2018 Mar 24. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
    Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address:
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies (autoAbs) targeting the juxtamembranous extracellular noncollagenous 16A (NC16A) domain of human collagen XVII (also known as BP180). Because T helper cells are essential for antibody responses to antigens, we adopted an assay to map the immunodominant Th2-cell epitopes in NC16A. We synthesized 22 overlapping peptides spanning the entire sequence of BP180-NC16A and investigated the reactivity of Th2 cells from BP patients to these peptides using the ELISPOT assay. Read More
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    Annular paraneoplastic bullous pemphigoid mimicking linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a 40-year-old patient.
    J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 Apr 26;16(4):482-484. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
    Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Fukuoka, Japan.
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    Commentary on "Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in bullous pemphigoid: It is the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors".
    J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Mar 23. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
    Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
    In their article entitled "Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in bullous pemphigoid: It is the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors" Gravani and colleagues confirmed the increasing incidence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) in the last decade, and highlighted its association with diabetes mellitus (DM), and specifically with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4-i). As the Authors noted, these data expand the results of our study , in which we underscored, collecting administrative data from our Institute during the years 2001-2016 and studying the prevalence of diabetes in patients with pemphigus and BP, the higher frequency of DM in BP patients during the last decade. This article is protected by copyright. Read More
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    Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in bullous pemphigoid: It is the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
    J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Mar 23. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
    Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
    We read with interest the letter by Fania et al on the increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) among patients diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid (BP) after 2007. Employing a retrospective study design the authors demonstrate an abrupt raise in the prevalence of DM2 among BP patients in relation to those with pemphigus. They conclude that this trend might stem from an increase in DM2 comorbidity among BP patients. Read More
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    Blistering diseases in the mature patient.
    Clin Dermatol 2018 Mar - Apr;36(2):231-238. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
    Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address:
    Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) are a group of chronic diseases affecting the skin and mucous membranes, with different presentation, clinical course, histologic and immunopathologic findings, and different therapeutic approach. Blisters develop as a result of autoantibodies directed against distinct adhesion structures within desmosomes or within the basement membrane zone. The most common AIBD that develops in the elderly is bullous pemphigoid (previously also named "pemphigoid senilis"), but mature patients can also present with other AIBD as mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, paraneoplastic pemphigus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, linear IgA dermatosis, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Read More
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    Vascular mapping for the decision of hemodialysis access method: Case report.
    J Vasc Access 2018 Mar 1:1129729817747546. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    Tokatsu-Clinic Hospital, Matsudo, Japan.
    Preoperative ultrasound vascular mapping was performed to determine the surgical method for two cases where standard arteriovenous fistula was not possible. In case 1, the previous arteriovenous fistula of the left arm was occluded, and arteriovenous graft of the right arm was thrombosed after frequent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Contrast medium was contraindicated because of allergy. Read More
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    The Autoimmune Skin Disease Bullous Pemphigoid: The Role of Mast Cells in Autoantibody-Induced Tissue Injury.
    Front Immunol 2018 1;9:407. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease associated with subepidermal blistering and autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal components BP180 and BP230. Animal models of BP were developed by passively transferring anti-BP180 IgG into mice, which recapitulates the key features of human BP. By using these model systems, key cellular and molecular events leading to the BP disease phenotype are identified, including binding of pathogenic IgG to its target, complement activation of the classical pathway, mast cell degranulation, and infiltration and activation of neutrophils. Read More
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    The Role of Mast Cells in Autoimmune Bullous Dermatoses.
    Front Immunol 2018 28;9:386. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
    Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
    Skin mast cells (MCs), a resident immune cell type with broad regulatory capacity, play an important role in sensing danger signals as well as in the control of the local immune response. It is conceivable to expect that skin MCs regulate autoimmune response and are thus involved in autoimmune diseases in the skin, e.g. Read More
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    High Expression of Collagen XVII Compensates for Its Depletion Induced by Pemphigoid IgG in the Oral Mucosa.
    J Invest Dermatol 2018 Mar 9. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
    Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine. Electronic address:
    The basement membrane zone (BMZ) consists of multiple components, including collagen XVII (COL17), which is the target of bullous pemphigoid (BP). No research has addressed the differences in BMZ components between the skin and the oral mucosa; therefore, we investigated the BMZ proteins, with a focus on COL17. The mRNA and protein expression levels of COL17 were significantly higher in oral keratinocytes (OKCs) than in skin keratinocytes (SKCs). Read More
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    Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab in Recalcitrant Pemphigoid Diseases.
    Front Immunol 2018 19;9:248. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
    Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Introduction: Rituximab (RTX) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, a transmembrane protein expressed on B cells, causing B cell depletion. RTX has shown great efficacy in studies of pemphigus vulgaris, but data of pemphigoid diseases are limited.

    Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of RTX in pemphigoid diseases. Read More
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    [Bullous pemphigoid and Parkinson's disease: about a case].
    Pan Afr Med J 2017 4;28:111. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
    Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease which can be associated with many pathologies including degenerative neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Studies have suggested the possibility of cross-immune responses through "epitope spreading". Bullous dermatosis has been reported to be secondary to neurological disease, at intervals ranging from a few months to a maximum of a few years. Read More
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    Dyshidrotic Bullous Pemphigoid: Case Report and Review of Literature.
    J Cutan Med Surg 2018 Mar 1:1203475418763544. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    1 Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
    Background: Dyshidrotic pemphigoid (DP) is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid (BP) that affects the hands and feet and may resemble an acute vesicular eczema. While it can remain confined to hands and feet, spread that involves the entire body is described. BP and DP are associated with autoantibodies directed against hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (collagen XVII) and BP230 (dystonin), which are transmembrane and intracellular proteins in the basement membrane zone, respectively. Read More
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    The HLA-DQB1*03:01 Is Associated with Bullous Pemphigoid in the Han Chinese Population.
    J Invest Dermatol 2018 Feb 27. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
    Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong, China. Electronic address:
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    Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: A clinical study of 100 low-risk cases.
    Oral Dis 2018 Mar;24(1-2):132-134
    Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
    Objective: To analyze the severity of the oral lesions in low-risk oral mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP) measured according to the size of the bullous areas and the number of simultaneously affected oral locations.

    Material And Methods: A total of 100 cases of low-risk OMMP were studied. The symptoms and location of OMMP in the oral cavity were analyzed. Read More
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    Infantile bullous pemphigoid with "string of pearls sign".
    Dermatol Online J 2017 Jul 15;23(7). Epub 2017 Jul 15.
    Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an immune mediated bullous disease that is manifested by urticarial plaques with superimposed subepidermal blisters and significant pruritus. It is generally found in the elderly, but is rare in the pediatric population. A 5-month-old girl previously diagnosed with hand-foot-mouth disease was examined in our dermatology department owing to vesicles and bullae, initially located to the hands and feet, which progressed with new lesions. Read More
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    Proinflammatory role of blister fluid-derived exosomes in bullous pemphigoid.
    J Pathol 2018 May 2;245(1):114-125. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
    Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
    Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against bullous pemphigoid autoantigens, leading to dermal-epidermal separation with consequent blister formation. However, whether and how the components of blister fluid exacerbate the progression of bullous pemphigoid is unclear. Exosomes are nanometre-sized vesicles released from cells into the body fluid, where they can transmit signals throughout the body. Read More
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    Relapse of bullous pemphigoid: an update on this stubborn clinical problem.
    Ann Med 2018 May 26;50(3):234-239. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
    a Department of Dermatology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disorder that has a predilection for the elderly. It is characterized by a poor prognosis due to its high mortality rate and the tendency to relapse. The relapse rate of BP ranges from 27. Read More
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    Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.
    Dermatol Online J 2017 Dec 15;23(12). Epub 2017 Dec 15.
    New York University, New York.
    Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare, acquired subepidermal blistering disease. EBA is characterized by autoantibodies to collagen VII,which serves to link the epidermis to the dermis. The two most common presentations of EBA are classical noninflammatory EBA and bullous pemphigoid-like EBA. Read More
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    Flame figures in linear IgA bullous dermatosis: a novel histopathologic finding.
    Dermatol Online J 2017 Nov 15;23(11). Epub 2017 Nov 15.
    Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
    Background: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease usually with a neutrophil rich inflammatory infiltrate, and characterized by linear IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), and neutrophil predominant dermal inflammation. We report a case of LABD with numerous eosinophils and flame figure formation, a unique histopathologic finding not previously reported. A 69-year-old woman presented with a rapidly progressive, intensely pruritic rash over forearms, breasts, axillae, hips, and thighs. Read More
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    Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid in a patient with acquired reactive perforating collagenosis.
    J Dermatol 2018 Feb 14. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
    Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune blistering disorder with unknown etiology. Recently, increasing numbers of BP cases which developed under the medication with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), widely used antihyperglycemic drugs, have been reported in published works. Here, we report a case of DPP4i (teneligliptin)-associated BP that developed in a 70-year-old Japanese man. Read More
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