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Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021 Jun 14;8(1):20. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.

Context: Third-wave therapies have demonstrated efficacy as a treatment option for EDs in adulthood. Data on the suitability for EDs in adolescence are lacking.

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of third-wave interventions to reduce ED symptoms in adolescents in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled studies. Read More

J Behav Cogn Ther 2021 Mar 3;31(1):57-66. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9070.

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by altered eating behaviors and valuation of self-image, as well as difficulty establishing supportive social relationships. This pilot study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and clinical responses to a novel and brief group-therapy intervention for EDs, the Self-Blame and Perspective-Taking Intervention (SBPI). The SBPI consisted of four sessions of experiential art therapy activities in conjunction with psychoeducation targeting interpersonal attributions and mentalization. Read More

Front Psychol 2021 28;12:667235. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Adolescence is the most critical life period for the development of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. Although problems in identity functioning and emotion dysregulation have been proven important risk and maintaining factors of ED symptomatology, they have never been integrated in a longitudinal study. The present study is part of the Longitudinal Identity research in Adolescence (LIA)-study and aimed to uncover the temporal interplay between identity functioning, cognitive emotion regulation, and ED symptomatology in adolescence. Read More

Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021 Jun 11:e12865. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Introduction: The risk of cardiovascular death is increased in patients with eating disorders (ED), but the background for this is unknown. Early repolarization pattern (ERP) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

Methods: We investigated the prevalence of ERP in 233 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) (age 18-35 years) compared with 123 healthy female controls. Read More

J Eat Disord 2021 Jun 9;9(1):66. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Resilience research to date has been criticised for its consideration of resilience as a personal trait instead of a process, and for identifying individual factors related to resilience with no consideration of the ecological context. The overall aim of the current study was to explore the multi-level process through which adults recovering from EDs develop resilience, from the perspectives of clients and clinicians. The objective of this research was to outline the stages involved in the process of developing resilience, which might help to inform families and services in how best to support adults with EDs during their recovery. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Objective: This study explored treatment experiences and social support among individuals with eating disorders (EDs) in mainland China.

Method: Subscribers of a Chinese online social media platform (WeChat) focused on EDs were invited to complete a screening questionnaire that included the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale for the DSM-5. Of the 116 questionnaire responses, 31 met inclusion criteria for follow-up interviews. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2021 21;12:632418. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are complex mental disorders. A better understanding of the burden of eating disorders is essential for improving their management. Information about the burden of eating disorders at the national level in China remains unclear. Read More

Eur Eat Disord Rev 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Objectives: The prevalence of eating disorders is rising worldwide. The low body weight in anorexia nervosa as well as the increase in body mass index due to binge eating disorder are contributing to a strikingly high morbidity and mortality. In a similar pattern, the prevalence and burden of the disease of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome is increasing. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Objective: This meta-review summarizes and synthesizes the most reliable findings regarding attentional bias in eating disorders across paradigms and stimulus types and considers implications for theory and future research.

Method: Four databases were systematically searched, along with reference lists of included reviews, yielding 15 systematic reviews (four of which were also meta-analyses). The quality of each review was appraised using the AMSTAR-2. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2021 17;12:658182. Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Growing evidences indicate that sex hormones have an effect on cognitive functions, and that Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hormonal contraception (HC) use on four cognitive functions that are impaired in patients with BN. This retrospective exploratory study included 103 women with a diagnosis of BN based on the DSM-5 criteria. Read More

Mol Psychiatry 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Promotion of good mental health, prevention, and early intervention before/at the onset of mental disorders improve outcomes. However, the range and peak ages at onset for mental disorders are not fully established. To provide robust, global epidemiological estimates of age at onset for mental disorders, we conducted a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review with meta-analysis of birth cohort/cross-sectional/cohort studies, representative of the general population, reporting age at onset for any ICD/DSM-mental disorders, identified in PubMed/Web of Science (up to 16/05/2020) (PROSPERO:CRD42019143015). Read More

Cleve Clin J Med 2021 06 2;88(6):333-343. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, CO; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO

Bulimia nervosa, a mental illness 4 times more common than anorexia nervosa, is characterized by binge-eating followed by compensatory purging behaviors, which include self-induced vomiting, diuretic abuse, laxative abuse, and misuse of insulin. Patients with bulimia nervosa are at risk of developing medical complications that affect all body systems, especially the renal and electrolyte systems. Behavior cessation can reverse some, but not all, medical complications. Read More

J Adolesc Health 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island.

Purpose: Male weight concerns tend to focus on shape and muscularity as opposed to a desire for thinness and remain underdetected by conventional eating disorder assessments. We aimed to describe the longitudinal course of weight concerns and disordered eating behaviors among males across adolescence and young adulthood.

Methods: We used prospective assessments of 4,489 U S. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 31;10(11). Epub 2021 May 31.

Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy.

The role of worry and rumination in eating disorders (EDs) is controversial. This meta-analysis of the literature is aimed at clarifying the relationship between repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and EDs. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and PsycInfo from inception to March 2021. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Objective: Alterations in brain structure have been implicated in the onset and acute phases of several forms of psychopathology. However, there is a dearth of research investigating brain structure in persons with binge eating, contributing to poor understanding of mechanisms associated with binge eating.

Method: Adolescent girls and women (aged 14-35 years) with binge eating (n = 56) and group age-matched girls and women without binge eating (n = 26) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and interview-based and self-report assessments of eating disorder and general psychopathology. Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Purpose: Previous research suggests that eating disorders may be associated with certain personality profiles; however, there is limited research investigating associations with night eating syndrome (NES). This research suggests harm avoidance personality trait is higher in NES individuals than in the general population, however, evidence of associations with other personality traits is inconsistent. To understand which personality traits are associated with NES symptoms, the current study aimed to improve understanding of the relationship between NES symptoms and a range of personality traits, addressing limitations in the earlier literature in this area by controlling for common confounders. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2021 May 31;5(5):e18261. Epub 2021 May 31.

Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) is most effective when patients demonstrate adequate skill utilization (ie, the frequency with which a patient practices or uses therapeutic skills) and skill acquisition (ie, the ability to successfully perform a skill learned in treatment). However, rates of utilization and acquisition of key treatment skills (eg, regular eating, urge management skills, and mood management skills) by the end of the treatment are frequently low; as a result, outcomes from CBT for BN are affected. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) may improve skill acquisition and utilization by delivering real-time interventions during algorithm-identified opportunities for skill practice. Read More

J Psychiatr Brain Sci 2021 8;6(2). Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.

The purpose of this investigation is to identify the anticipatory reward mechanisms that maintain binge eating and purging in bulimia nervosa. Emerging data indicate the importance of reward and anticipatory processes as maintenance mechanisms of bulimia nervosa that can be targeted in treatment. The proposed research will identify neurobiological and psychological anticipatory mechanisms of binge eating and purging using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in the natural environment. Read More

Eat Behav 2021 May 15;42:101528. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Mailstop 8134-29-2100, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Objective: In a national sample of college students, the current study aimed to: 1) examine differences in probable diagnoses of EDs (i.e., anorexia nervosa (AN), clinical/subthreshold bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED)) and weight and shape concerns by sexual orientation and gender identity, and 2) examine differences in ED chronicity and probable comorbid psychiatric diagnoses by sexual orientation and gender identity. Read More

Clin Psychol Psychother 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Humane Technology Lab., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.

Over the last 25 years, virtual reality (VR) has offered innovative solutions for targeting different key symptoms of eating disorders: from craving to negative emotions, from attentional biases to body dissatisfaction. The present narrative review assesses the existing literature in these areas trying to identify their different levels of clinical evidence. Specifically, the review presents four clinical approaches based upon VR and their implications in the treatment of eating disorders: VR cue exposure, VR reference frame shifting, VR for correcting body distortions and attentional biases. Read More

Transl Psychiatry 2021 May 27;11(1):326. Epub 2021 May 27.

Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

To clarify the structure of genetic risks for 11 major psychiatric disorders, we calculated, from morbidity risks for disorders in 1st-5th degree relatives controlling for cohabitation effects, in the Swedish population born between 1932 and 1995 (n = 5,830,014), the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), bulimia (BUL), anorexia nervosa (AN), alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorder (DUD), ADHD, and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). For all affected individuals, we calculated their mean standardized FGRS for each disorder. The patterns of FGRS were quite similar for MD and AD, and for AUD and DUD, but substantially less similar for BUL and AN, BD and SZ, and ADHD and ASD. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Objectives: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis study, we aimed to review studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of eating disorders (EDs) in patients with celiac disease (CD) and vice-versa.

Method: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of AN in patients with CD and vice-versa. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used for critical appraisal. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2021 Feb 27;10(2):1034-1036. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Bupropion is taken as an antidepressant for treatment of major depressive disorders, treatment of sexual side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and as a smoking cessation aid, however, it may result in adverse effects such as nausea, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety, tremor, and constipation. We investigate the case of a 34-year-old woman with bulimia nervosa where acute dystonia was induced by bupropion in 8 months. Following this diagnosis and after normal tests and MRI results, the patient was advised to discontinue bupropion intake. Read More

Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2021 Apr;17(4):157-167

Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Eating disorders (EDs) such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are associated with restricted diets and abnormal compensatory behaviors, frequently leading to malnutrition and oral and gastrointestinal manifestations. Dental and oral complications are generally caused by malnutrition, micro-nutrient deficiency, and chronic acid exposure; hence, treatment of the ED and frequent dental examinations are essential to reduce morbidity. Gastrointestinal manifestations are multifactorial in origin, and may be caused by disordered behaviors, malnutrition, anxiety, and/or may be a function of the ED itself. Read More

Eat Disord 2021 May 24:1-26. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Individuals with eating disorders often experience compulsive exercise which, if left untreated, can lead to longer treatment and worsened symptoms. Compulsive exercise must be addressed within eating disorder treatment to help individuals establish a healthy relationship with exercise. However, there are currently no standardized guidelines for treating compulsive exercise or a consensus on which forms of treatment are most effective. Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatric Unit, AOU Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Objective: To assess whether ballet dancers have higher eating psychopathology mean scores than the general population.

Methods: Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of one or more of the validated eating psychopathological scales between ballet dancers and any control groups.

Results: Twelve studies were included in the metanalysis. Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

The Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Purpose: This study sought to examine associations between meat-restricted diets and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors in a large sample of university students and assess the relationships between motivations for choosing a vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diet and eating patterns.

Methods: University students (n = 1585; 60%F, 40%M, mean age 20.9) completed an online survey; students were categorized into vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and non-vegetarians. Read More

Eat Disord 2021 May 19:1-18. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States.

Disordered eating is prevalent among trauma survivors, yet little is known about mechanisms underlying this relation. We explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) with disordered eating among 1,420 community-based youth participating in the Great Smoky Mountain Study. Participants were interviewed about trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and disordered eating at regular intervals throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Read More

Braz J Psychiatry 2021 May 17. Epub 2021 May 17.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Objective: To systematically review the literature focusing on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with previous or current eating disorders (EDs) and on the consequences of maternal EDs for the offspring.

Methods: The study was performed following the systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane databases were searched for non-interventional studies published in English or Portuguese from January 1980 to December 2020. Read More