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Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Oct 15;6(10):e1943. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute, Dallas, Tex.

Background: Brow lift has been a part of plastic surgeons' armamentarium for over a century. Although there are multiple different techniques available, there has been a dearth of literature comparing which technique is better and has lesser complications. In this study, we performed a systemic literature review of all brow lift techniques to determine and compare complication rates of each technique. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Sep 21. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Private practice in Genova, Italy.

The purpose of this article is to describe the necessary steps to correct both primary and postblepharoplasty lateral canthal and lower eyelid malpositions at the time of endoscopic face lifting. Endoscopic surgery is traditionally considered only for brow and forehead lifting. However, in our practice we have successfully expanded the indications of the minimal incision vertical endoscopic lifting technique from being primarily indicated for forehead/brow elevation to also treating both primary and secondary lower eyelid and lateral canthal malpositions. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Apr 9;34(2):139-144. Epub 2018 Apr 9.

Lindsay House Surgery Center for Plastic Surgery, Rochester, New York.

The endoscopic brow lift has become an established procedure that can safely and reliably rejuvenate the upper third of the face. The authors discuss relevant anatomy and considerations for patient selection to optimize surgical outcomes. A detailed review of surgical technique is presented, and the potential complications and means to reduce them are discussed. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018 May 15;28(5):617-621. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center , Stanford, California.

Purpose: Benign masses of the eyebrow and forehead are common in pediatric patients and can result in facial asymmetry, discomfort, or super-infection. Excision is classically conducted via an incision directly over the mass, which can produce sub-optimal cosmesis. Recently, an endoscopic approach using pediatric brow-lift equipment has been adopted. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Feb 6;34(1):36-42. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Cirugia Plastica Facial, Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

One of the first signs of aging belongs to the upper third of the face. With the aging process, mestizo facial features become more prominent. The thicker skin-soft tissue envelope (S-STE) has a tendency to sag more, hooding of the eyelids tends to be more pronounced, and there is a tendency for eyebrows to droop, specifically the tail of the brows, because of the loss of support. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Feb 2;42(1):126-136. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Introduction: The use of neuromodulators has grown substantially in our society, particularly in the temporary treatment of brow ptosis. This study revisits the use of the transpalpebral browpexy for upper face and brow rejuvenation in the context of what has been learned from neuromodulators.

Methods: A retrospective review of 97 subjects was conducted who had transpalpebral browpexy performed for lateral brow ptosis. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2017 09;37(8):876-878

Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 22;62(5):406-423. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

50, rue de la République, 69002 Lyon, France. Electronic address:

The goal of this article is to provide a systemic approach to forehead rejuvenation. Fillers, botulinic toxin injections, transpalpebral, endoscopic or bicoronal brow lift must be usual techniques for every plastic surgeon in overall facial rejuvenation. Achieving a long lasting and aesthetically pleasing forehead is possible only with surgical techniques when aging is obvious. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 15;62(5):592-597. Epub 2017 Sep 15.

59, rue Spontini, 75116 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Prevention of aging is mainly obtained through appropriate health practices, modulated by the genetic causes of aging. Causes of facial structural aging include gravity, volume loss, contraction of the mimic muscles and obviously biological aging of tissues. Among the very numerous new surgical technique of facial rejuvenation, we could point out: for the frontal region, obviously we are focus on the endoscopic and non-endoscopic frontal lifts. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2017 Oct 30;96(10):691-697. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie.

 Forehead and brows form a critical aesthetic and functional subunit of the face. Chronical pPeripheral paralysis of the facial nerve or its frontal branch may cause brow ptosis and eyelid deformities with a limited field of vision and loss of facial symmetry. Techniques, especially endoscopic methods have evolved significantly. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Aug 8;274(8):3241-3249. Epub 2017 Apr 8.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.

Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve is the most frequent of all cranial nerve disorders. Despite advances in facial surgery, the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of a paralyzed face remains a challenge. Graduated minimally invasive facial reanimation is based on a modular principle. Read More

Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2016 Sep 5;24(2):165-73. Epub 2016 Jul 5.

LSU Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New Orleans, LA, USA; Williamson Cosmetic Surgery Center, 8150 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA. Electronic address:

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016 Sep 4;45(9):1104-7. Epub 2016 May 4.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

The management of upper facial trauma is a common responsibility of surgeons taking care of maxillofacial injuries. Historically, the most commonly used surgical approach has been the bi-temporal (coronal) incision. As is well known, the coronal incision carries some inherent complications such as hair loss, long scars, and increased length of hospital stay. Read More

GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW 2015 15;4:Doc16. Epub 2015 Dec 15.

Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, St. Marien-Krankenhaus Berlin, Germany; Charité - Medical University of Berlin, Germany.

Surgical eyebrow lift has been described by using many different open and endoscopic methods. Difficult techniques and only short time benefits oft lead to patients' complaints. We present a safe and simple temporal Z-incision technique for eyebrow lift in 37 patients. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2016 Jan;27(1):156-8

Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Unlabelled: The upper third of the face, composed of the forehead and the brow, is a critical aesthetic subunit. Brow ptosis is a common presenting complaint for patients seeking elective improvement of their facial appearance. Browlift surgery has a long history of technique evolution, with various reported methods and refinements. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2014 Oct;121(10):507-15

A prominent characteristic of the aging face is the descent of skin and subcutaneous tissues. In order to reduce this and create a more youthful appearance, several lifting procedures can be employed. In the forehead and eyebrow region the transblepharoplastic brow lift, the direct brow lift, the temporal brow lift, the coronal brow lift and the endoscopic brow lift can be distinguished. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 May-Jun;32(3):204-6

*Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and †Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate 1) the quantitated internal suture browpexy (ISB), which combines the advantages of a browpexy and "brassiere suture," 2) the endoscopic Endotine browplasty, and 3) to compare these two techniques in patients undergoing simultaneous upper blepharoplasty.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing bilateral upper blepharoplasty alone, bilateral ISB with upper blepharoplasty, and bilateral Endotine (MicroAire, Charlottesville, VA, U.S. Read More

J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2015 Jun 1;49(3):141-6. Epub 2014 Oct 1.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.

Fixation of the elevated eyebrow is an important final step in endoscopic forehead lifting. One of the most common methods of fixation includes temporal fasciae sutures for the tail of the eyebrow, and mini-screws for the body of the eyebrow. The concentric cables fixation is an alternative method for elevation of both the tail and the body of the eyebrow. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2014 Dec;134(6):1141-50

Providence, R.I.; St. Louis, Mo.; Newark, Del.; and Palo Alto, Calif. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University; Premier Dermatology & Cosmetic Surgery; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Palo Alto Medical Foundation.

Background: The brow and forehead are essential elements of the facial aesthetic architecture. Although frequently overlooked in youth, signs of facial aging are often most noticeable in the upper third of the face. Ptosis and loss of contour in the brows, along with temporal volume loss, sagging of periorbital tissue, and rhytides in the forehead, are common presenting complaints for aesthetic surgery. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014 Jul 28;67(7):998-1000. Epub 2014 Jan 28.

Surgical Aesthetics, 60 Wimpole Street, London W1G 8AG, UK. Electronic address:

GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW 2014 27;3:Doc04. Epub 2014 Mar 27.

Paracelsus Klinik, Hannover, Germany.

The use of fiberendoscopic video-assisted technique in facial rejuvenation is one of the most advances in aesthetic plastic surgery of the face. It substitutes the coronal incision without the necessity of skin resection and allows a vertical reposition of the mobile soft tissue of the midface in indicated cases. It can easily be done through a small incision of the scalp just behind the coronal incision and in the temporal area. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2014 Jan;133(1):121-9

Wiesbaden, Germany; Zeist, The Netherlands; and Baltimore, Md. From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken; the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital Zeist; and the Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Background: Delayed recovery after facial palsy results in aberrant nerve regeneration with symptomatic movement disorders, summarized as the postparalytic facial nerve syndrome. The authors present an alternative surgical approach for improvement of periocular movement disorders in patients with postparalytic facial nerve syndrome. The authors proposed that endoscopic brow lift leads to an improvement of periocular movement disorders by reducing pathologically raised levels of afferent input. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2013 Sep 9;33(7):983-94. Epub 2013 Sep 9.

Dr Daniel is a Clinical Professor and Dr Kosins is a Clinical Assistant Professor WOS at The Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California.

Background: Plastic surgeons have long recognized the importance of performing chin augmentation concurrent with a rhinoplasty to achieve facial balance. However, few surgeons consider the benefits of combining a rhinoplasty with brow modification to achieve a better aesthetic result. By increasing the size of the middle third of the face, the nose will automatically appear smaller. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2013 Aug;132(2):226e-238e

King Edward VII Hospital, London, UK.

Background: The longevity of a brow lift, its morphology, and its contribution to overall facial aesthetics have not been addressed in previous studies using both objective measurements and validated subjective aesthetic scoring systems.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with a 5.4-year follow-up after subperiosteal endoscopic brow lift were assessed by (1) objective measurements using computer software, (2) validated regional aesthetic scoring systems, and (3) global aesthetic scoring systems. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2013 Jul-Aug;29(4):308-15

Oculoplastica Bernardini, Genova, Italy.

Purpose: The forehead/brow complex, the temporal region, the upper eyelid, the zygomatic area, the lower eyelid, and the cheek comprise the periocular esthetic unit. The combination of variable degrees of tissue descent and fat deflation of the component parts of the unit determine its appearance with age. The authors report the results of tissue repositioning through a minimal incisions vertical endoscopic lift and volume restoration used in combination to restore the natural youthful appearance of the periocular esthetic unit. Read More

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2013 May;21(2):191-9

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

This article describes the use of the endoscopic brow-lifting technique in addressing periorbital aging. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantage of the endoscopic versus traditional techniques of brow lifting and gives our treatment algorithm depending on patient needs. Read More

JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2013 Jul-Aug;15(4):263-7

Wake Forest Baptist School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Importance: To improve preoperative counseling for patients considering endoscopic brow-lift (EBL).

Objectives: To understand patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction, and recovery after EBL surgery to improve preoperative counseling.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective telephone survey of 57 patients who had EBL or EBL with concurrent rhytidectomy to assess cosmetic and functional outcomes using 47 questions. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2013 Nov-Dec;34(6):690-4. Epub 2013 Apr 22.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: The endoscopic brow lift technique relies on brow mobilization and often soft fixation to the underlying calvarium. While the endoscopic brow lift has been used safely, there are anecdotal reports of cerebrospinal fluid leak. We sought to measure calvarial thickness to improve the safety of cranial fixation. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2013 Mar;24(2):e194-5

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

One-third of frontal sinus fractures are isolated to the anterior table. Accurate reduction and stable fixation are important in the treatment of frontal sinus fracture. Traditional approaches to the reduction of an isolated anterior table fracture include the coronal incision, the bilateral brow incision, an endoscopic brow lift with an incision either directly over the fracture or in the brow, and delayed repair with a camouflaging implant. Read More

J Reconstr Microsurg 2013 May 9;29(4):223-32. Epub 2013 Jan 9.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Facial nerve dysfunction can be attributed to several different causes. Several techniques have been developed to help treat the appearance and functional limitation of patients with sequelae of facial nerve dysfunction. There are options regarding static techniques of facial nerve injury treatment that range from facial musculature plication or shortening, fascial sling suspension via allograft or autograft, injectables and implants (ENDURAGen, AlloDerm, LifeCell, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA) to techniques such as brow lift, open and endoscopic facelifts, and various eyelid surgeries with upper and lower lid procedures. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2012 Dec;130(6):841e-842e

Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Plast Reconstr Surg 2012 Dec;130(6):830e-840e

Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Background: Although a multitude of proposed forehead rejuvenation procedures have been described, long-term and systematic morphometric evaluation is rare. There are no studies comparing endoscopic forehead lifts and transpalpebral browpexy techniques according to their efficacy in raising and reshaping the brow.

Methods: In a retrospective study, standardized photographic documentations of patients undergoing an endoscopic forehead lift or a transpalpebral browpexy were morphometrically analyzed. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2013 Jan 8;40(1):147-55. Epub 2012 Sep 8.

Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

The concept of the ideal female eyebrow has changed over time. Modern studies examining youthful brow aesthetics are reviewed. An analysis of ideal female brow characteristics as depicted in the Western print media between 1945 and 2011 was performed. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2013 Jan 27;40(1):105-15. Epub 2012 Aug 27.

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

The authors discuss how, in performing an endoscopic brow lift, meticulous surgical technique, adherence to anatomic dissection planes, and direct visualization used at key points in the procedure enable a safer, more-complete dissection and a better outcome. Anatomy as it relates to the procedure is discussed. Patient evaluation and patient expectations are reviewed with a discussion of the points to present to patients about outcomes of this surgery. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2013 Jan 23;40(1):101-4. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

Paces Plastic Surgery, Atlanta, GA 30327, USA.

Numerous options in brow lifting exist that can be broadly categorized as open and minimally invasive or endoscopic. Proper patient evaluation, procedural goals, and surgeon preference all play into procedure choice. There are common desirable traits of the esthetic brow. Read More

HNO 2012 Oct;60(10):868-72

Facial Plastic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA.

Endoscopic surgical techniques have greatly increased in popularity with the advent of modern endoscopes. Endoscopic brow lifting has largely replaced older, more invasive procedures. With this technique a skilled surgeon can identify and treat a ptotic eyebrow by addressing the relevant anatomy, including the frontalis, corrugator, procerus and orbicularis oculi muscles. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2012 Sep;130(3):690-9

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA.

Background: The senior author's (H.S.B. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2012 Feb;32(2):151-6

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Background: Corrugator resection is an integral part of periorbital rejuvenation and can be accomplished through the open coronal, endoscopic, or transpalpebral technique. While most authors concur about the importance of corrugator resection during brow lift surgery, considerable debate remains regarding the efficacy and technical ease of muscle resection with these approaches.

Objectives: The authors conducted a cadaver study to compare the completeness of resection of the corrugator muscle with the transpalpebral and endoscopic techniques. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2012 Sep-Oct;33(5):519-22. Epub 2012 Feb 1.

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46290, USA.

Purpose: The presence of male pattern baldness poses a significant challenge when attempting to optimize treatment of the upper third of the face. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and discuss results of the endoscopic forehead lift in patients with male pattern baldness.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective case series done in an academic medical center. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2011 Oct;128(4):335e-341e

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9163, USA.

Background: Currently, there are many well-described surgical approaches to address brow aesthetics (i.e., open versus endoscopic versus combination techniques). Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2011 Aug 27;35(4):563-8. Epub 2011 Feb 27.

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California San Diego, 4150 Regents Park Row Suite #300, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.

Background: Orbital fat repositioning in association with subperiosteal midface elevation has been variably described via both the transconjunctival and skin muscle flap approaches. Poor visualization, middle and posterior lamellar cicatricial fibrosis, technical difficulty, and incomplete release are disadvantages commonly ascribed to the transconjunctival approach. Lower eyelid malposition and retraction also are commonly seen in association with skin muscle flap approaches. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2011 Aug 7;35(4):516-21. Epub 2011 Feb 7.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, St. Fatima Hospital, No. 8, Esmaeeli St., Keyhan Ave., Zaferanieh, Tehran, Iran.

Background: In certain cases of endoscopic forehead lift without muscle resection, patients were incidentally noted to develop weakness or loss of their ability to frown during the postoperative period despite intact musculature. This finding suggested the possibility of decreasing frown strength using the disinsertion of the relevant muscles. This finding persuaded the authors to try to eliminate or decrease the sensory problems resulting from open or endoscopic frowning muscle resection by disinserting these muscles. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2011 Feb 18;27(1):50-7. Epub 2011 Jan 18.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 29239, USA.

Forehead lifting serves to restore a more youthful appearance as well as a more functional and aesthetically pleasing brow position. The purpose of this review is to describe the pertinent anatomy and forehead aesthetics, then to discuss the patient evaluation, surgical approaches, complications, and nonsurgical adjuncts. Anatomic features reviewed include the layers of the forehead and scalp, blood supply, innervation, musculature, and the temporal branch of the facial nerve anatomy. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2010 Nov-Dec;30(6):802-9

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Background: Brow droop, eyelid tissue excess, and hyperfunction of the muscles of forehead facial expression may contribute to the aging diathesis of the upper one-third of the face. Many approaches to the brow have been described, including coronal or pretricheal incisions, direct incision of the suprabrow or forehead, and endoscopic techniques. A less frequent technique, the transblepharoplasty browlift (TBBL), has a role in rejuvenating brow position, especially in patients in whom both the eyelids and brows need to be addressed. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2010 Nov-Dec;30(6):783-8

Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

Background: Various techniques have been described for periorbital rejuvenation and correction of the ptotic brow, including the coronal brow lift, the endoscopic brow lift, anterior hairline foreheadplasty in the subgaleal, subperiosteal, or subcutaneous planes, and the subcutaneous temporal brow lift.

Objectives: The authors present results from a series of 28 patients treated with subcutaneous temporal brow lift over nearly four years.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 28 patients who were treated with subcutaneous temporal brow lift by the senior author (JDF) between July 2003 and January 2007. Read More

Arch Facial Plast Surg 2011 Mar-Apr;13(2):109-16. Epub 2010 Nov 15.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Objective: To compare postoperative forehead and scalp sensation for the "open" brow-lift (OBL) (coronal and trichophytic) with that of the endoscopic brow-lift (EBL).

Methods: A controlled outcome evaluation study was designed to objectively (mechanoceptive and thermoceptive) and subjectively (visual analog scale) test forehead and scalp sensation in a group of patients having undergone or scheduled to undergo either OBL or EBL in a single, private facial plastic surgery clinic. Prospectively enrolled participants were tested at defined intervals (A, preoperation; B,1-2 weeks after; C, 4-6 weeks after; D, 12-14 weeks after; and E, 24-26 weeks after). Read More

Semin Plast Surg 2009 Nov;23(4):274-82

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

The endoscopic midface lift procedure has evolved from experience with postreduction soft tissue repair after facial fracture fixation. The procedure elevates and repositions midface soft tissue, which descends with facial aging; as well, it can correct periorbital congenital abnormalities, such as exorbitism and lateral canthal displacement. The procedure has been refined by the senior author to employ a temporal endoscopic approach alleviating the need for a lower eyelid incision. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2010 May-Jun;30(3):297-300

University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

Background: The aesthetically appealing eyebrow shape has been defined by its arch, located near the junction between the medial two-thirds and lateral one-third. The position of this arch has been historically described by arbitrary anatomical landmarks that have no logical structural relationship. Moreover, selection of endoscopic brow lift incision sites that define vector of pull and fixation points have been variably described. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2010 Jul;126(1):1e-17e

Paces Plastic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30327, USA.

Brow lift and blepharoplasty are among the most commonly requested procedures in facial aesthetic surgery. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current concepts, including goals, surgical options, and outcomes for aesthetic improvement of the forehead and periorbital region. Preoperative patient assessment, anatomical and surgical concepts, advantages and disadvantages, and prevention and management of complications and expected results are discussed. Read More