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Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2021 May 24;29(2):163-178. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

University of Utah School of Medicine, 5445 South Highland Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84117, USA.

The endoscopic approach for forehead rejuvenation and brow lift has many advantages. It provided excellent exposure for release of periorbital soft tissues combined with endoscopic magnification, shorter scars, and reduced risk of alopecia and scalp sensory changes compared with the traditional open coronal brow lift. The technique has improved over the last 15 years with better fixation devices, a better understanding of the longevity, and decreased complications of the procedure. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021 Feb 25:3489421997653. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA.

Objective: To determine whether Endotine-assisted endoscopic brow lift with concomitant upper lid blepharoplasty provides long-term brow elevation.

Methods: Pre- and post-operative photographs from 35 patients who underwent endoscopic brow lift using Endotine Forehead 3 mm implants with concomitant upper lid blepharoplasty were measured to determine changes in brow height with surgery and up to 55 months post-operatively. Photographs of 20 control subjects who did not undergo periorbital surgery and 11 control subjects who underwent upper blepharoplasty without brow lifting were also measured to provide a basis for comparison. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 11;146(5):565e-568e

From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Background: Achieving excellent results in upper lid rejuvenation requires a balanced approach to address skin, muscle, fat, upper lid margin position, and brow aging changes. In the appropriately selected patient, brow lifting plays an essential complement to upper blepharoplasty to restore more youthful upper lid fold-to-pretarsal ratios. The goal of this study is to describe a safe and reproducible method to perform brow lifting and upper blepharoplasty. Read More

Plast Surg (Oakv) 2020 Aug 18;28(3):142-147. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Objectives: Functional deficits of the forehead and midface can pose significant problems for patients varying from mild asymmetry to various degrees of functional impairment including total paralysis. Our objectives were to analyse the use of bio-absorbable implants to reconstruct forehead and midface deficits, all of which were for functional (noncosmetic) reasons.

Methods: This study was a retrospective case series between 2008 and 2018. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2020 09;40(10):1061-1063

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020 Apr-Jun;15(2):218-235. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

None of brow lift techniques are completely satisfactory because of their limited effectiveness, lack of longevity, and potential complications. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the pros and cons of the most popular techniques in brow and forehead lift. Relevant original articles in the PubMed database (English language) were sought using the search terms "eyebrow lift", "forehead lift", "periorbital rejuvenation", "eyebrow ptosis", "blepharoplasty and eyebrow change", "surgical eyebrow lift", and "non-surgical eyebrow lift", No date limitation was considered. Read More

Orbit 2020 Oct 30;39(5):350-356. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To report four patients with forehead pressure ulcer (PU) following encircling head dressing and review the literature.

Methods: Uneventful endoscopic forehead lift procedure was performed with moderate skin elevation in three patients. Left upper eyelid crease incision was made to remove the sub-brow dermoid cyst uneventfully in one patient. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2020 Jun 7;36(3):226-234. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

Chinese patients more frequently complain of forehead wrinkles than eyebrow and upper eyelid ptosis. Besides the commonly used brow-lifting technique, a novel technique to satisfy the demands of Chinese patients is needed. In this article, we introduce our novel endoscopic forehead lift procedure and analyze the morphometric evaluation and patient-reported outcomes. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 12;144(6):1305-1310

From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute.

Background: Brow-lift techniques have evolved from the most invasive approach, such as a coronal brow lift, to a minimally invasive technique, such as an endoscopic brow lift over the past century. Although an endoscopic brow lift offers the advantage of being minimally invasive, it suffers from a high recurrence rate. The authors present their experience of combining an endoscopic and temporal brow lift approach for long-lasting results, and discuss the surgical indication, techniques, and outcome of an endoscopic temporal brow lift. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Jun 12;7(6):e2098. Epub 2019 Jun 12.

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chicago, Ill.

Background: A limited incision lateral brow lift has been described as an alternative to the endoscopic or the bicoronal approaches. The senior author has developed a safe and effective lateral brow lift technique that can be performed in an office setting under local anesthesia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 150 consecutive patients who underwent a brow lift by the senior author (TAM). Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 12 1;43(6):1564-1569. Epub 2019 Oct 1.

, Istanbul, Turkey.

Introduction: The term beautiful eyes can be defined as youthful, brilliant, vivid, and attractive eyes. The anthropometric findings about beautiful eyes may differ according to gender or race. In order to form such a beautiful eye, a variety of surgical, nonsurgical, or combination methods for periorbital region rejuvenation have been proposed. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 12 11;43(6):1536-1546. Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Background: Creating the ideal aesthetic eyebrow shape and position is an important goal in facial rejuvenation. One challenge of an eyebrow lift is to find a predictable procedure that balances the advantages and disadvantages of the available strategies. The gliding brow lifting (GBL) is a technique that provides minimal incisions, an effective and stable eyebrow lift, and offers the advantage of precise reshaping of the eyebrow. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2020 09;40(10):1051-1060

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Background: Many techniques have been presented for fixation during endoscopic brow lift, but no singular technique has become dominant.

Objectives: The authors described a technique for fixation for endoscopic brow lift that is inexpensive, easy to use, and versatile and has minimal morbidity.

Methods: The charts of 284 patients who underwent the K-wire fixation technique between December 1996 and September 2018 were reviewed. Read More

Plast Surg (Oakv) 2019 May 4;27(2):100-106. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Purpose: In recent years, the endoscopic technique has emerged as a minimally invasive approach to forehead rejuvenation, although the specific need for and mode of brow fixation for endoscopic brow lifts remain under considerable debate. An ideal fixation device should provide non-palpable long-lasting fixation and allow retention of the device post-operatively without the need for removal. It should also allow precise intraoperative adjustment for symmetry and correction of brow ptosis. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Oct 15;6(10):e1943. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute, Dallas, Tex.

Background: Brow lift has been a part of plastic surgeons' armamentarium for over a century. Although there are multiple different techniques available, there has been a dearth of literature comparing which technique is better and has lesser complications. In this study, we performed a systemic literature review of all brow lift techniques to determine and compare complication rates of each technique. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2019 04;39(5):472-480

The purpose of this article is to describe the necessary steps to correct both primary and postblepharoplasty lateral canthal and lower eyelid malpositions at the time of endoscopic face lifting. Endoscopic surgery is traditionally considered only for brow and forehead lifting. However, in our practice we have successfully expanded the indications of the minimal incision vertical endoscopic lifting technique from being primarily indicated for forehead/brow elevation to also treating both primary and secondary lower eyelid and lateral canthal malpositions. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Apr 9;34(2):139-144. Epub 2018 Apr 9.

Lindsay House Surgery Center for Plastic Surgery, Rochester, New York.

The endoscopic brow lift has become an established procedure that can safely and reliably rejuvenate the upper third of the face. The authors discuss relevant anatomy and considerations for patient selection to optimize surgical outcomes. A detailed review of surgical technique is presented, and the potential complications and means to reduce them are discussed. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018 May 15;28(5):617-621. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center , Stanford, California.

Purpose: Benign masses of the eyebrow and forehead are common in pediatric patients and can result in facial asymmetry, discomfort, or super-infection. Excision is classically conducted via an incision directly over the mass, which can produce sub-optimal cosmesis. Recently, an endoscopic approach using pediatric brow-lift equipment has been adopted. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Feb 6;34(1):36-42. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Cirugia Plastica Facial, Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

One of the first signs of aging belongs to the upper third of the face. With the aging process, mestizo facial features become more prominent. The thicker skin-soft tissue envelope (S-STE) has a tendency to sag more, hooding of the eyelids tends to be more pronounced, and there is a tendency for eyebrows to droop, specifically the tail of the brows, because of the loss of support. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Feb 2;42(1):126-136. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Introduction: The use of neuromodulators has grown substantially in our society, particularly in the temporary treatment of brow ptosis. This study revisits the use of the transpalpebral browpexy for upper face and brow rejuvenation in the context of what has been learned from neuromodulators.

Methods: A retrospective review of 97 subjects was conducted who had transpalpebral browpexy performed for lateral brow ptosis. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2017 09;37(8):876-878

Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 22;62(5):406-423. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

50, rue de la République, 69002 Lyon, France. Electronic address:

The goal of this article is to provide a systemic approach to forehead rejuvenation. Fillers, botulinic toxin injections, transpalpebral, endoscopic or bicoronal brow lift must be usual techniques for every plastic surgeon in overall facial rejuvenation. Achieving a long lasting and aesthetically pleasing forehead is possible only with surgical techniques when aging is obvious. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 15;62(5):592-597. Epub 2017 Sep 15.

59, rue Spontini, 75116 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Prevention of aging is mainly obtained through appropriate health practices, modulated by the genetic causes of aging. Causes of facial structural aging include gravity, volume loss, contraction of the mimic muscles and obviously biological aging of tissues. Among the very numerous new surgical technique of facial rejuvenation, we could point out: for the frontal region, obviously we are focus on the endoscopic and non-endoscopic frontal lifts. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2017 Oct 30;96(10):691-697. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie.

 Forehead and brows form a critical aesthetic and functional subunit of the face. Chronical pPeripheral paralysis of the facial nerve or its frontal branch may cause brow ptosis and eyelid deformities with a limited field of vision and loss of facial symmetry. Techniques, especially endoscopic methods have evolved significantly. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Aug 8;274(8):3241-3249. Epub 2017 Apr 8.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.

Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve is the most frequent of all cranial nerve disorders. Despite advances in facial surgery, the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of a paralyzed face remains a challenge. Graduated minimally invasive facial reanimation is based on a modular principle. Read More

Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2016 Sep 5;24(2):165-73. Epub 2016 Jul 5.

LSU Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New Orleans, LA, USA; Williamson Cosmetic Surgery Center, 8150 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA. Electronic address: