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Virus Res 2022 Jun 21:198850. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Multiuser Biomolecular Innovation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the main causative agent of acute respiratory infections (ARI), such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. One of the factors that lead to success in viral replication is the interaction of the M2-2 protein with the ribosomal complex. This interaction is responsible for the phase change of viral activity, acting as an inhibitor or inducer of viral replication, according to the concentration of mRNA. Read More

J Infect Dis 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Deptartment of Clinical Research, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark.

Background: Knowledge on age-specific hospitalizations associated with RSV infection is limited due to limited testing, especially in older children and adults in whom RSV infections are not expected to be severe. Burden estimates based on RSV coding of hospital admissions are known to underestimate the burden of RSV. We aimed to provide robust and reliable age-specific burden estimates of RSV-associated hospital admissions based on data on respiratory infections from national health registers and laboratory-confirmed cases of RSV. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Immunisation Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Aim: We describe the clinical profile of children and outcomes of influenza immunisation for patients in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: Over two influenza seasons: 19/04/2018 to 07/08/2018 and 02/05/2019 to 10/10/2019, an immunisation nurse and PICU nurse coordinator met weekly and identified patients to receive the influenza vaccine. An inpatient list of PICU patients was screened for eligible patients: greater than 6 months of age, did not have imminent procedures (e. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Hygiene Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of hospitalization in young children. In the last 2 years, public health measures aimed at controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have affected the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV worldwide. The aim of this descriptive retrospective observational study was to describe the characteristics of children hospitalized with RSV in an academic tertiary care hospital in Southern Italy in 2021. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Secteur de kinésithérapie, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, 76600 Le Havre, France.

Congestion of the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tracts (LRT) is a common symptom in several acute and chronic respiratory diseases that occur in childhood. To eliminate these secretions, airway clearance techniques (ACT) directed to the URT and LRT are frequently prescribed. The rationale for the application of these techniques is the same as in adults, but they need to be adapted to be transposed to children. Read More

Radiologie (Heidelb) 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.

Clinical Issue: Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary abnormalities. The correct diagnosis has prognostic and therapeutic implications. This article introduces the most common smoking-related interstitial lung diseases and describes a structured approach to support the diagnostic workflow. Read More

Crit Care Med 2022 Jul 13;50(7):e653-e654e. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.

Respir Care 2022 07;67(7):893-894

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicinea Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Vaccine 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

The World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in infants and children worldwide. Protection against RSV is primarily antibody mediated and passively acquired RSV neutralizing antibody can protect infants from RSV ALRI. Maternal immunization is an attractive strategy for the prevention of RSV in early infancy when immune responses to active immunization may be suboptimal and most severe RSV disease and death occur. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022 Jun 20:2079322. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Medical, Sanofi, Roma, Italia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious seasonal virus and the leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI), including pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children. RSV-related LRTI cause approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children <5 years of age. The majority of the burden of RSV occurs in previously healthy infants. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran.

Research interest in chemical gas detection has been directed towards developing highly selective bio-inspired and eco-friendly materials that allow the integration of sensors in daily human life, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this regard, chemical sensors for detecting air pollutants are urgently needed for environmental safety. For instance, acute exposure to the colorless nitrogen oxide (NO)-as an anthropogenic gas-causes several diseases such as methemoglobinemia, emphysema, and bronchiolitis, to name just three. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 3;9:920549. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has rapidly become a popular modality of respiratory support in pediatric care. This is undoubtedly due to its ease of use and safety, which allows it to be used in a wide variety of settings, ranging from pediatric intensive care to patients' homes. HFNC devices make it possible to regulate gas flow and temperature, as well as allowing some nebulized drugs to be administered, features very useful in children, in which the balance between therapeutic effectiveness and adherence to treatment is pivotal. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 2;9:897581. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.

Background: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is defined by a progressive loss of FEV1 and is associated with premature mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct association between FEV1 decline and risk of mortality in patients after lung transplantation (LTx).

Methods: 10-year follow up data from lung transplant recipients participating in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the role of liposomal Cyclosporine A for inhalation (L-CsA-i) in the prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (NCT01334892) was used. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 17;14(5):e25064. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Introduction In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, state and local governments implemented mitigation strategies, including lockdowns, thereby averting the typical fall/winter 2020 bronchiolitis season and reducing the incidence of respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Florida implemented a strict lockdown from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. The removal of lockdown precautions on September 25, 2020, was followed by an atypical out-of-season surge of bronchiolitis in April 2021. Read More

Int J Pharm 2022 Jun 14:121919. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in childrenunder one year globally. As a result, RSV poses a severe burden on healthcare services. Thus, a vaccine for RSV is a global need. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2022 31;10:890389. Epub 2022 May 31.

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis is a significant contributor to infant morbidity and mortality. Previously, we identified that necroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain like protein (MLKL), occurs in RSV-infected human airway epithelial cells (hAECs), mediating the release of the alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Here, we show that RSV infection of hAECs induces the biphasic release of HMGB1 at 6 ("early") and 24 ("late") hours post infection (hpi). Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

The exact immunological mechanisms of post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in childhood are not fully known. It has been shown that the inflammasome and IL-18 pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the role of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-18 components in PIBO. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Institute for Health Protection of Mother and Child of Serbia 'Dr Vukan Cupic', Beograd, Serbia.

Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading acute respiratory tract infection in infants during the winter season. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a reduction in the number of bronchiolitis diagnoses has been registered.

Objective: The present study aimed to describe the incidence and clinical features of bronchiolitis during the 2020-2021 winter season in a large cohort of children in Europe and Israel, and to clarify the role of SARS-CoV-2. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jun 9;14(6):e25793. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Pulmonary and Critical Care, Southside Medical Center, Petersburg, USA.

Pneumonia is one of the most common pathologies seen in the inpatient setting. The rapid response to treat febrile patients with infiltrates on chest x-ray has reduced hospital length of stay and hospital costs. However, the automatic reaction to treat all infiltrates and opacities seen on a chest x-ray as pneumonia can be costly. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Oct 16;57(10):664-666. Epub 2021 Aug 16.

Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

Can Fam Physician 2022 Jun;68(6):429-430

Can Fam Physician 2022 Jun;68(6):431-433

Chest 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Indian Pediatr 2022 Jun;59(6):504

Pediatric Nephrology Division, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.

Indian Pediatr 2022 Jun;59(6):504

Intensive Care Unit; Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain.

Access Microbiol 2022 21;4(3):000332. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain.

Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospital visits in the paediatric population and carry significant associated morbidity and mortality in this population. The introduction of respiratory panel testing has been said to guide clinicians in the overall management of patients. We conducted a retrospective study examining all respiratory panels carried out in our hospital during 2019 on paediatric patients. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jun 13;22(1):538. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Background: Bronchiolitis, the most common cause of hospitalization in infancy has not yet a definitive treatment. This study was conducted to assess the effect of Zinc and vitamin D on treatment of infants with bronchiolitis.

Methods: In this double blind, randomized clinical trial, 94 infants aged 2 to 23 months, admitted in Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan, Iran, with the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.

Introduction: Influenza virus infection (IVI) is frequent in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, and reports from several countries indicate high morbidity and mortality from progression to lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). However, there have been no reports on IVI clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and risk factor for progression to LRTD among allo-HSCT recipients in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of allo-HSCT recipients who developed IVI between 2012 and 2019. Read More

J Heart Lung Transplant 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Deaprtment of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charliottesville, VA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address:

Background: Long-term survival of lung transplants lags behind other solid organs due to early onset of a fibrotic form of chronic rejection known as chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Preventing CLAD is difficult as multiple immunologic and physiologic insults contribute to its development. Targeting fibroblast activation, which is the final common pathway leading to CLAD, offers the opportunity to ameliorate fibrosis irrespective of the initiating insult. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 7;14(5):e24807. Epub 2022 May 7.

Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

The main purpose of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize evidence about pulmonary complications following stem cell transplantation to raise awareness among physicians since it is a lesser-known topic. Studies that included targeted pulmonary complications that occurred after stem cell transplantation; in humans; and were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case studies between January 2011 and 2021. Fifteen intervention features were identified and analyzed in terms of their association with successful or unsuccessful interventions. Read More