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J Infect Dis 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK.

High Throughput 2019 Feb 13;8(1). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pneumology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

The neutrophilic component in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS, the main form of chronic lung rejection), plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of the disorder. Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), a serine protease responsible of elastin degradation whose action is counteracted by α1-antitrypsin (AAT), a serum inhibitor specific for this protease. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between HNE and AAT in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) from stable lung transplant recipients and BOS patients to understand whether the imbalance between proteases and inhibitors is relevant to the development of BOS. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 13;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Standard methods for detecting chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and rejection have poor sensitivity and specificity and have conventionally required bronchoscopies and biopsies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to be increased in various types of allograft injury in transplant recipients and CXCL10 has been reported to be increased in the lung tissue of patients undergoing CLAD. This study used a novel cfDNA and CXCL10 assay to evaluate the noninvasive assessment of CLAD phenotype and prediction of survival from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Read More

Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2019 Jan 31;8(1):43-53. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis in infants and elderly or immunocompromised individuals. An RSV vaccine has yet to be developed; only prophylactic anti-RSV antibody is commercially available. So, we investigated whether our vaccine candidate is able to induce type 1 CD4 T helper (Th1), CD8 T-cell responses, and protective immunity without vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) against RSV. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2019 Feb;21(2):110-115

Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related bronchiolitis is a common cause of morbidity in young infants. The recommendations for its passive prevention by palivizumab are currently under intensive debate.

Objectives: To elucidate the optimal prevention strategy by studying the morbidity of RSV disease under the current recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis in Israel. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology.

Background: Pediatric cancer patients have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to respiratory viral infections than do other patient populations.

Objectives: To investigate the causative viruses of respiratory infections and their burden among pediatric cancer patients in Lebanon.

Study Design: Nasopharyngeal swabs along with clinical and demographic data were collected from pediatric cancer patients presenting febrile episodes with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Background: Monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; palivizumab) is recommend for prophylaxis of high-risk infants during bronchiolitis seasons but not for RSV bronchiolitis treatment. Our aim was to determine if palivizumab would be helpful in young infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis.

Methods: Eligible infants ≤3 months old presenting to the pediatric emergency service with RSV-positive bronchiolitis requiring inpatient admission underwent double-blind random assignment to single-dose intravenous palivizumab (15 mg/kg) or placebo. Read More

Am J Transplant 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following allotransplant. Activated donor effector T-cells can differentiate into pathogenic T helper (Th)-17 cells and germinal center -promoting Tfollicular helper cells, resulting in cGVHD. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-δ, a lipid kinase, is critical for activated T-cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Emergency Pediatric Department, Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.

Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization of children in the first year of life. The lung ultrasound is a new diagnostic tool which is inexpensive, non-invasive, rapid, and easily repeatable. Our prospective study was conducted in the emergency department and all patients underwent a routine clinical evaluation and lung ultrasound by the pediatricians who defined the clinical and the ultrasound score. Read More

Pulmonology 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Rheumatology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Univ Michigan, Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States ;

Rationale: "Non-infectious" pulmonary complications are significant causes of morbidity and mortality post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Early onset viral reactivations or infections are common after transplant. Whether the first onset viral infection causes "non-infectious" pulmonary complications is unknown. Read More

Cureus 2018 Nov 26;10(11):e3639. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Emergency Medicine, Methodist Hospital, San Antonio, USA.

The use of the heated and humidified high-flow nasal cannula has become increasingly popular in the treatment of patients with respiratory failure through all age groups. This article will examine the main mechanisms of actions attributed to the use of the high-flow nasal cannula and review the indications in adult and pediatric populations (outside of the neonatal period). It is unclear which of the mechanisms of action is the most important, but it may depend on the cause of the patient's respiratory failure. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2019 Feb 9;20:171-174. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Department of Inernal Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans is the term used to describe a clinical syndrome of irreversible airflow obstruction. Among the etiologies linked to this entity is the rarely reported association with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which has had a poor outcome in most of the previously published cases. The optimum management of bronchiolitis obliterans as a complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not well defined. Read More

Gac Sanit 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Servicio de Epidemiología, Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), España.

Objective: To describe whether the microbiological information of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), provided by four hospitals on a weekly basis, adequately captures the seasonality of the RSV in the entire community.

Method: Retrospective descriptive study. We compared the detection of RSV in respiratory samples of patients (hospitalized and not) from all age groups, from the 4 hospitals that are part of the microbiological surveillance system (MSS), with data from the Minimum Basic Data Set of hospitalization for bronchiolitis by RSV or another infectious organism, in patients under 5 years of age, admitted to any public hospital in Galicia (seasons 2008/2009 to 2016/2017). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e14269

Rationale: Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare lung disorder characterized by unilateral hyperlucent lungs which arises as a complication of bronchiolitis obliterans. It is typically diagnosed during childhood, although some patients may only be diagnosed in adulthood, often as an incidental finding, but others due to recurrent chest infections.

Patient Concerns: Three patients were referred to our institution with complaints of dyspnea on exertion, chronic productive cough, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Read More

Respirology 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Queensland Lung Transplant Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

JCI Insight 2019 02 7;4(3). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich Germany.

Lung transplantation (LTx) is the only therapeutic option for many patients with chronic lung disease. However, long-term survival after LTx is severely compromised by chronic rejection (chronic lung allograft dysfunction [CLAD]), which affects 50% of recipients after 5 years. The underlying mechanisms for CLAD are poorly understood, largely due to a lack of clinically relevant animal models, but lymphocytic bronchiolitis is an early sign of CLAD. Read More

Emerg Med J 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Serious bacterial infections in young infants with bronchiolitis are rare. Febrile infants <1 month old with bronchiolitis often receive a lumbar puncture (LP), despite limited data for this practice and lack of clinical practice guidelines for this population. The primary objective was to investigate practice patterns in performance of LPs in the ED management of febrile infants aged ≤30 days with bronchiolitis. Read More

Rinsho Ketsueki 2019 ;60(1):7-11

Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

A 54-year-old female complained of oral erosion. A flaccid blister appeared on the trunk 2 months after the onset. The high titer of the anti-desmoglein 1 antibody in the absence of Nikolsky's sign led to the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. Read More

Mod Pathol 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Pulmonary graft vs. host disease is a diverse and underestimated complication following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We aimed to compare the airway architecture with chronic lung allograft dysfunction post lung transplantation. Read More

J Clin Monit Comput 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Burgos University Hospital, Avenida Islas Baleares s/n, CP 09006, Burgos, Spain.

To compare the newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation system (NIPE) scores with a validated clinical scale using two different nebulizers in children with bronchiolitis admitted to a PICU. Comfort was evaluated using the COMFORT-behavior scale (CBS) before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) each nebulization. In order to compare NIPE and CBS values during the whole T1 to T3 period, the variable Dif-CBS was defined as the difference between maximal and minimal CBS scores, and Dif-NIPE as the difference between 75th and 25th percentile NIPE values. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;20(2):192-193

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;20(2):128-135

All authors: Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Objectives: Initial respiratory support with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula may prevent the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in PICU patients with bronchiolitis. However, it is not clear whether the initial choice of respiratory support modality influences the need for subsequent invasive mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of subsequent invasive mechanical ventilation after initial support with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula in children with bronchiolitis. Read More

Respir Investig 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.

Background: There have been no reports on the relationship between lung radiological patterns and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity or RA treatment response in patients with RA-associated lung disease (RA-LD).

Methods: Patients with RA-LD who underwent treatment for RA from April 2005 to March 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. RA-LD patients were divided into three groups based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns [usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), and bronchiolitis]. Read More

Antiviral Res 2019 Jan 31;164:1-11. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease and bronchiolitis in children worldwide. No vaccine or specific, effective treatment is currently available. β-escin is one of the main bioactive constituents of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Read More

Histol Histopathol 2019 Feb 1:18088. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) still remains a major drawback in the outcome following lung transplantation (LTx). New therapeutic strategies are warranted. Growth factors and their receptors like platelet-derived growth factor-receptor (PDGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGFR), may play a crucial role in the development of CLAD, especially bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and vasculopathy. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 17;9:3105. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Obstructive chronic lung allograft dysfunction (BOS) is the major limiting factor for lung transplantation (LTx) outcome. is described as the hallmark autoimmunity gene, and one specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2476601, is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, impaired T cell regulation, and autoantibody formation. Taking into consideration the contribution of autoimmunity to LTx outcome, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the gene could be associated with BOS incidence. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 01 31;1:CD010473. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, India, 110029.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent causes of emergency department visits and hospitalisation in children. There is no specific treatment for bronchiolitis except for supportive treatment, which includes ensuring adequate hydration and oxygen supplementation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) aims to widen the lungs' peripheral airways, enabling deflation of overdistended lungs in bronchiolitis. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2019 Jan 29;14(1):27. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Graft function may be affected if the organ is exposed to hypoxia. We hypothesized that bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lung transplantation is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This study compares the expression of HIF-1α and its downstream proteins in allograft and isograft to explore the relationship between this pathway and BO in rats. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Importance: Concomitant urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent concern in febrile infants with bronchiolitis, with a prior meta-analysis suggesting a prevalence of 3.3%. However, the definition of UTI in these studies has generally not incorporated urinalysis (UA) results. Read More

Isr J Health Policy Res 2019 Jan 28;8(1):15. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.

An analysis of benefit and cost is critical for independent advisory groups that provide evidence-based recommendations. In many countries, the role of RSV immunoprophylaxis for infants at increased risk of hospitalization is controversial because of limited benefit and high cost. The report by Ginsberg and co-workers provides evidence, that in Israel, despite the potential benefit of palivizumab prophylaxis in reducing a small number of RSV hospitalizations but no evidence of long-term benefit, the cost is difficult to justify. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Boston Children's/Dana Farber Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Hosp Pediatr 2019 Feb;9(2):121-128

Division of Hospitalist Medicine and.

Objectives: Hospitals are employing more nurse practitioners and physician assistants on inpatient pediatric units. With this study, we compared patient outcomes in high-volume inpatient diagnoses on pediatric hospital medicine services staffed by attending physician hospitalists and residents (hospitalist and resident service [HRS]) with 1 staffed by attending physician hospitalists and advanced practice providers (HAPPS).

Methods: A historical cohort study was implemented by using administrative data for patients admitted to HRS and HAPPS from 2007 to 2011 with asthma, bronchiolitis, cellulitis, and pneumonia with severity levels 1 and 2 for all-patient refined diagnosis-related groups. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine and Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Objectives: Although progress has been made in the standardized interpretation of nocturnal oximetry in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), no evidence exists on oximetry abnormalities in other respiratory disorders. We aimed to compare obstructive lung disease (OLD) and SDB regarding nocturnal oximetry parameters.

Methods: We analyzed oximetry recordings from children with (i) OLD (obliterative bronchiolitis; cystic fibrosis); (ii) snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (SDB); and (iii) no respiratory disorder (controls). Read More

JMIR Med Inform 2019 Jan 22;7(1):e12591. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Background: In children below the age of 2 years, bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization. Each year in the United States, bronchiolitis causes 287,000 emergency department visits, 32%-40% of which result in hospitalization. Due to a lack of evidence and objective criteria for managing bronchiolitis, clinicians often make emergency department disposition decisions on hospitalization or discharge to home subjectively, leading to large practice variation. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut Recerca, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain.

Objectives: Increasing evidence supports the association of fluid overload with adverse outcomes in different diseases. To our knowledge, few studies have examined the impact of fluid balance on clinical outcome in severe bronchiolitis. Our aim was to determine whether fluid overload was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill children with severe bronchiolitis. Read More

Respirology 2019 Jan 20. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Background And Objective: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) presents with lung function decline. The pattern of lung function decline after BOS diagnosis could impact prognostication of BOS as a complication after HSCT. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lung function decline on overall survival (OS) in BOS subjects. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

One-fourth of patients with bronchiolitis seen in US emergency departments between 2007 and 2015 received antibiotics; 70% of them had no documented bacterial coinfection. Macrolides were prescribed in 38% of the cases. Antibiotic use did not decrease after national recommendations against routine prescribing. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Vanderbilt University, Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.

Allergy 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Arch Dis Child 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Objectives: To review the effects and safety of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for bronchiolitis.

Methods: Six electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CQ VIP Database and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to 1 June 2018. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of HFNC versus other forms of oxygen therapies for bronchiolitis were included. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019 Mar/Apr;55(2):e55201. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

From NorthStar VETS, Robbinsville, New Jersey (S.L.W.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (D.L., S.C.), and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (K.J.W.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (N.C.N.).

A 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka. India.

Background: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Background: Incense burning is an important source of indoor air pollution in many Asian regions. We investigated the associations between household incense burning and lung function, lung function growth and respiratory diseases and symptoms in primary school children in Hong Kong.

Methods: A total of 4041 children (mean age: 9. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2019 Feb 15;9(2):79-86. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Divisions of Pediatric Hospital Medicine.

Objectives: To assess pediatric providers' perceptions on viral testing and to determine barriers to minimizing respiratory viral testing (RVT) in bronchiolitis.

Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted and included 6 focus group discussions with pediatric providers. Questions were focused on identifying factors associated with obtaining RVT. Read More

PLoS One 2019 15;14(1):e0210443. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Question Addressed By The Study: The value of induction therapy in lung transplantation is controversial. According to the ISHLT, only about 50% of patients transplanted within the last 10 years received induction therapy. We reviewed our institutional experience to investigate the impact of induction therapy on short- and long-term outcomes. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2019 Jan 6. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.

Aim: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections in young children, associated with significant morbidity, but limited therapeutic options. Nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) has been a supportive treatment until current guidelines advised against its routine use. Accordingly, the University Hospital of Antwerp recently changed their policies to stop using it, allowing us to evaluate retrospectively if HS influences the duration of respiratory support. Read More

J Heart Lung Transplant 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing, Division of Respiratory Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major cause of post‒lung transplant mortality, with limited medical treatment options. In this study we assessed the association of montelukast treatment with pulmonary function and outcome in lung transplant recipients with progressive CLAD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all lung transplant recipients transplanted between July 1991 and December 2016 at our center and who were treated for at least 3 months with montelukast for progressive CLAD, despite at least 3 months of prior azithromycin therapy. Read More