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BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 20;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

A 26-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of non-progressive dyspnoea. Chest imaging showed bilateral apical pleural and parenchymal scarring, pleural thickening and bronchiectasis. Pulmonary function tests showed a moderate restrictive defect. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Background: Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) may be underdiagnosed clinically and radiographically in children with a remote history of cancer, leading to a delay in care and unnecessary lung biopsies.

Objective: To describe the characteristic clinical and radiologic findings of PPFE in a cohort of children to facilitate recognition and noninvasive diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Clinical presentation, history of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, lung or bone marrow transplantation, and lung function testing and outcome were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical records of eight children treated at our institution's pulmonary medicine clinic with histopathology confirmation of PPFE from 2008 to 2018. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019 Apr 11:1-11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.

Objective: The lung is one of the organs possibly involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is commonly found in patients with MPA. The aim of this study was to assess pulmonary lesions in Japanese patients with MPA.

Subjects And Methods: This prospective study was based on 144 patients with MPA who were enrolled in the Remission Induction Therapy in Japanese Patients With ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Study and who underwent chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) imaging at the time of diagnosis during 2011-2014. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Apr 10:300060519840898. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Hubei, China.

Background: Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a rare tumor that usually develops in middle-aged Asian women. PSH has four histological types (hemorrhagic, sclerotic, solid, and papillary) and often grows slowly in a lower lobe of the lung. Preoperative misdiagnosis frequently occurs because of the absence of specific clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Read More

Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2019 Mar;28(1):34-37

Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey

A hyper-metabolic pulmonary nodule was detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a 65-year-old woman who had been followed up for 12 years without any complaints following treatment for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Wedge resection was performed to the pulmonary nodule and the pathologic examination revealed PTC metastasis. On the post-therapeutic I-131 scan after radioiodine treatment, focal I-131 uptake was detected at the site of pulmonary wedge resection. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2019 Apr 1:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

a Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.

Objectives: To identify the factors associated with the risk of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), focusing on other preexisting lung involvements such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) and airway disease.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed consecutive patients with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive MPA who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT) before starting treatment between 2006 and 2016. Patients who already had DAH at initial CT imaging were excluded. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, UMR 2000, Paris,France. Electronic address:

Background: Autosomal dominant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) deficiency predisposes to recurrent bacterial pneumonia, complicated by bronchiectasis and cavitations. Aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity in these patients. However, its diagnosis, classification, and treatment are challenging. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2019 Jan;147:e108

The First Department of Internal Medicine,Shinshu University School of Medicine,Matsumoto, Nagano,Japan.

The clinical characteristics of male patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease have not been clearly defined. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of male patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease compared with female patients.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease who visited the outpatient clinic of the Shinshu University Hospital between 2003 and 2016 and compared the clinical characteristics of male and female patients. Read More

PLoS One 2019 12;14(3):e0213444. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Institute of Radiology, Pole of Imaging, Laboratory and Infectivology Sciences, Diagnostic Imaging Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Objectives: To evaluate interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD) and its changes during treatment by using quantitative analysis (QA) compared to semi-quantitative analysis (semiQA) of chest computed tomography (CT) scans. To assess the prognostic value of QA in predicting functional changes.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively selected 35 consecutive patients with SSc-ILD with complete pulmonary functional evaluation, Doppler-echocardiography, immunological tests, and chest CT scan at both baseline and follow-up after immunosuppressive therapy. Read More

Respir Investig 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Miyazato 281, Uruma City, Okinawa 〒904-2293, Japan. Electronic address:

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a most common progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology, although majority of patients are elderly male smokers. The main pathogenesis is aberrant recovery of epithelial injury and collagen deposition. Fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease (CTD) especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated ILD, and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia(CHP) are important differential diagnosis. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019 Mar;29(3):278-280

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Nocardia species usually cause opportunistic infections, and the frequency of these infections is increasing owing to the growing population of immunocompromised hosts. However, Nocardia may sometimes causes an infectious disease in immunocompetent hosts. Herein, we report two cases of pulmonary nocardiasis in immunocompetent individuals, whose chest computed tomography (CT) findings mimicked bronchiectasis. Read More

Respirology 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Respiratory Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Bronchiectasis has historically been considered to be irreversible dilatation of the airways, but with modern imaging techniques it has been proposed that 'irreversible' be dropped from the definition. The upper limit of normal for the ratio of airway to arterial development increases with age, and a developmental perspective is essential. Bronchiectasis (and persistent bacterial bronchitis, PBB) is a descriptive term and not a diagnosis, and should be the start not the end of the patient's diagnostic journey. Read More

Allergy 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.

Background: Pulmonary complications are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates in patients with the rare immunodeficiency disorder STAT3 hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES). The aim of this study was to expand knowledge about lung disease in STAT3-HIES.

Methods: The course of pulmonary disease, radiological and histopathological interrelations, therapeutic management, and the outcome of 14 STAT3-HIES patients were assessed. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2019 Feb 21;19(1):47. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0052, Japan.

Background: In patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP), computed tomography imaging reveals ground grass opacities (GGO). Previous reports show that some patients with non-HIV PjP exhibit GGO with crazy paving. However, there have been no studies on the association between crazy paving GGO and non-HIV PjP clinical outcomes. Read More

J Cyst Fibros 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Imagerie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Unité de Pneumologie pédiatrique, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CIC 1401, F-33600 Pessac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:

Background: Mucus plugging (MP), central bronchiectasis (CB), and consolidation/atelectasia (CA) are conventional CT signs to diagnose allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hyperattenuating mucus (HAM) has recently been described and may improve diagnostic accuracy. The goal of our study was to compare HAM versus conventional CT signs to diagnose ABPA in CF. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Background: In children with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung clearance index (LCI) from multiple-breath washout (MBW) correlates with structural lung disease. As a shorter test, single-breath washout (SBW) represents an attractive alternative to assess the ventilation distribution, however, data for the correlation with lung imaging are lacking.

Methods: We assessed correlations between phase III slope (SIII) of double-tracer gas SBW, nitrogen MBW indices (LCI and moment ratios for overall ventilation distribution, Scond, and Sacin for conductive and mainly acinar ventilation, respectively) and structural lung disease assessed by chest computed tomography (CT) in children with CF. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2019 8;6(1):001006. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

West Middlesex University Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

A 72-year-old woman presented with a complex partial seizure and right hemiparesis, after a four-week history of cognitive decline, apraxia and speech disturbance. She previously had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and had finished chemotherapy one year prior to presentation. She was receiving monthly intravenous immunoglobulins for bronchiectasis. Read More

Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019 02 4;74:e225. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Divisao Pulmonar, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that usually has a progressive course and is commonly associated with a poor prognosis. The main symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, including progressive dyspnea and dry cough, are often nonspecific. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is the primary modality used in the initial assessment of patients with suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and may have considerable influence on subsequent management decisions. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2019 Feb 30;111:88-92. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3 T lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).

Materials And Methods: This study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. From October 2015 to January 2018, we prospectively evaluated twenty-seven consecutive children with ABPA. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 14;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Respiratory Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.

A 74-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with cough and occasional sputum production. Having failed to respond to courses of antibiotics in the community, she was referred to the thoracic medicine clinic. High-resolution CT chest revealed cylindrical bronchiectasis predominantly in the right lower lobe. Read More

BMJ 2019 Jan 10;364:k5244. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

N Engl J Med 2018 Dec;379(26):2558-2565

From the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston.

Diagn Interv Radiol 2019 Jan;25(1):55-61

Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and their differences among clinical subtypes.

Methods: Thoracic CT scans of 49 ATL patients were retrospectively reviewed. On CT scans, the presence of lung parenchymal abnormalities (10 patterns), enlarged lymph nodes, pleural and pericardial effusions, and subcutaneous nodules was evaluated by two radiologists in cooperation. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Dec 18;18(1):194. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Radiology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Background: The present study aimed to develop an automated computed tomography (CT) score based on the CT quantification of high-attenuating lung structures, in order to provide a quantitative assessment of lung structural abnormalities in patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD).

Methods: Adult (≥18 years) PCD patients who underwent both chest CT and spirometry within a 6-month period were retrospectively included. Commercially available lung segmentation software was used to isolate the lungs from the mediastinum and chest wall and obtain histograms of lung density. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 14;18(1):659. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Département des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103, Grande-Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317, cedex 04, Lyon, France.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung diseases are increasingly recognized as chronic opportunistic infections, occurring in individuals with a wide variety of underlying conditions. In the absence of systemic immunodeficiency, decision of NTM lung disease treatment must relies on a careful risk/benefit assessment, given the requirement of long-term administration of multidrug therapies supported by limited evidence. The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with anti-NTM treatment initiation. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2019 Jan 13;39(1):45-54. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Paediatric Immunology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Studies of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes (ADS) suggest a broad range of bronchial pathology. However, there are as yet no multicentre studies to assess the variety of bronchial pathology in this patient group. One of the underlying reasons is the lack of a consensus methodology, a prerequisite to jointly document chest CT findings. Read More

Int J Mycobacteriol 2018 Oct-Dec;7(4):355-357

Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: The use of imaging techniques is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment of atypical mycobacterial infections; it also reduces the burden of these infections. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between computed tomography (CT) scan findings of pulmonary infection caused by atypical mycobacteria and bacillus count in sputum samples.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, comparative study included 50 consecutive patients with pulmonary infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, who were hospitalized in Masih-Daneshvari Hospital of Tehran, Iran during 2012-2017. Read More

Respir Investig 2019 Jan 24;57(1):67-72. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-8602, Japan.

Background: Most patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) show rapid improvement. However, some cases of AEP prove fatal. The aims of this study were to determine the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics of patients in whom AEP has a fatal outcome and to identify predictors of a poor prognosis. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(12):e0206858. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Objective: To characterize the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pulmonary abnormalities in patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome.

Methods: Pulmonary HRCT images were reconstructed from whole-spine computed tomography (CT) images of 67 patients with SAPHO syndrome. HRCT images of 58 healthy controls were also obtained and reviewed. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Dec 4;18(1):185. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Eiju General Hospital, 2-23-16 Higashi Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo, 110-8645, Japan.

Background: Coexistence of aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has rarely been reported. Although the treatment for ABPA includes administration of corticosteroids and antifungal agents, little is known about the treatment for coexisting aspergilloma and ABPA. Furthermore, the impact of surgical resection for aspergilloma on ABPA is not fully understood. Read More

Respirology 2019 Feb 30;24(2):115-126. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease associated with structurally abnormal bronchi, clinically manifested by a persistent wet/productive cough, airway infections and recurrent exacerbations. Early identification and treatment of acute exacerbations is an integral part of monitoring and annual review, in both adults and children, to minimize further damage due to infection and inflammation. Common modalities used to monitor disease progression include clinical signs and symptoms, frequency of exacerbations and/or number of hospital admissions, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV )% predicted), imaging (radiological severity of disease) and sputum microbiology (chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Read More

ERJ Open Res 2018 Oct 23;4(4). Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

There are few studies looking at the pulmonary circulation in subjects with bronchiectasis. We aimed to evaluate the intraparenchymal pulmonary vascular structure, using noncontrast chest computed tomography (CT), and its clinical implications in smokers with radiographic bronchiectasis. Visual bronchiectasis scoring and quantitative assessment of the intraparenchymal pulmonary vasculature were performed on CT scans from 486 smokers. Read More

Radiol Bras 2018 Sep-Oct;51(5):313-321

Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Pulmonary fungal infections, which can be opportunistic or endemic, lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Such infections have multiple clinical presentations and imaging patterns, overlapping with those of various other diseases, complicating the diagnostic approach. Given the immensity of Brazil, knowledge of the epidemiological context of pulmonary fungal infections in the various regions of the country is paramount when considering their differential diagnoses. Read More

Intern Med J 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside Queensland, Australia, 4032.

Background: We report the prevalence and progression of incidentally-detected interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in the Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study (QLCSS) cohort.

Methods: 256 volunteers aged 60-74, with ≥30 pack years smoking history and FEV1≥50% predicted underwent low dose Computed Tomography (CT) chest screening. Electronic search of baseline (T0) and two year follow-up (T2) CT reports identified candidate cases using Fleischner Society interstitial terminology. Read More

Rev Pneumol Clin 2018 Oct 19;74(5):299-314. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Unité d'imagerie thoracique, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

Bronchiectasis are defined as an irreversible focal or diffuse dilatation of the bronchi and can be associated with significant morbidity. The prevalence is currently increasing, probably due to an increased use of thoracic computed tomography (CT). Indeed, the diagnosis relies on imaging and chest CT is the gold standard technique. Read More

Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2018 Oct;27(3):99-106

Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey

Objective: Radioiodine is the most specific radionuclide for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) imaging. Despite its high specificity and sensitivity, false-positive I-131 uptake could be seen on whole body scan (WBS) that may lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary radioiodine treatment. In this study, we aimed to present the I-131 WBS and concomitant single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images of unexpected false-positive radioiodine uptake along with the patients’ clinical outcomes and the contribution of SPECT/CT imaging. Read More

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018 Oct;62 Suppl 1:40-41

Department of Radiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2018 09 8;75(3):17736. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Hospital Rawson.

J Med Invest 2018 ;65(3.4):251-257

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital.

Background: Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) often have association with interstitial lung disease (ILD) which have disease specific autoantibody.

Methodology: We reviewed medical records of DM/PM associated ILD from January 2000 to December 2017 according to the autoantibody.

Result: We identified 52 patients, of whom 30 were antibody negative, 18 had anti aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) antibodies and 4 had anti melanoma differentiation-associated gene (MDA)-5 antibody. Read More

Acta Radiol 2018 Oct 3:284185118805258. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.

Background Previous studies suggest that recurrence of hemoptysis after arterial embolization is associated with the underlying pulmonary disease. Purpose To compare the baseline information and imaging findings in patients with hemoptysis due to either chronic pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or bronchiectasis and to identify predictors of rebleeding after embolization treatment. Material and Methods Clinical data of all consecutive chronic PTB and bronchiectasis patients who underwent arterial embolization for hemoptysis from January 2010 to January 2017 in a single center were reviewed. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2019 Jan 17;36(1):22-30. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Service de radiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.

Objectives: To describe the residual broncho-pulmonary lesions and evaluate the role of CT scanning at the end of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of the initial and end of treatment CT scans of 56 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to a reading grid including parenchymatous and airways lesions. The CT data at the end of treatment were analysed in relation to the clinical and microbiological data, and the original CT scan. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Oct 18;13(5):1048-1052. Epub 2018 May 18.

Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) classically presents with multiple bilateral renal cysts and ultimately progresses to end stage renal disease. While many of the extra-renal manifestations of ADPKD are well-documented, associated pulmonary findings are particularly rare, having only been recently been reported in a handful of studies to date. A 69-year-old female with ADPKD presented to our hospital with respiratory complaints. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jul 12;10(7):e2974. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Pulmonary and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, USA.

Bronchiectasis is a well-known entity where the airways abnormally dilate losing their natural function. Most common causes of non-cytic fibrosis bronchiectasis in the middle age group include secondary immunodeficiency, aspiration, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Obstructive foreign body is an uncommon cause of bronchiectasis and is often a missed diagnosis in a localized disease. Read More

Lancet 2018 09;392(10150):866-879

Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.

Bronchiectasis is conventionally defined as irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree. Bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis is an increasingly appreciated cause of chronic respiratory-related morbidity worldwide. Few randomised controlled trials provide high-level evidence for management strategies to treat the children affected by bronchiectasis. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Nov;43(11):830-831

From the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.

A 10-year-old girl with a history of complicated cystic fibrosis was hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbation with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe right upper lobe bronchiectasis diagnosed with chest radiograph and CT. She was started on itraconazole during the hospitalization in attempt to decrease her systemic steroid dose, but she had ongoing coughing and wheezing. The possibility was raised that the right upper lobe bronchiectasis may be a nidus for ongoing aspergillosis. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Oct 29;113:204-207. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Objectives: To investigated the correlation between sinonasal computed tomography (SNCT) findings and sinonasal symptoms, genotype, chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), body mass index (BMI), Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) score, and Bhalla score in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 61 patients aged 2-16 years who received care at the Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center of our institution over a 10-year period. SNCT findings were graded using the Lund-Mackay scoring system. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Aug 31;18(1):145. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease has conventionally been classified on the basis of radiology into fibrocavitary and nodular-bronchiectatic disease. Whilst being of great clinical utility, this may not capture the full spectrum of radiological appearances present. The aim of this study was to use latent class analysis (LCA) as an unbiased method of grouping subjects with NTM-pulmonary disease based on their CT features and to compare the clinical characteristics of these groups. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018 12;2018:5697846. Epub 2018 Aug 12.

Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a form of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including two major entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although intestinal imaging of IBD is well known, imaging of extraintestinal manifestations is not extensively covered. In particular, the spectrum of IBD-associated or related changes in the chest is broad and may mimic other conditions. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2018 Sep 29;27(149). Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Dept of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Human primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) represent a heterogeneous group of more than 350 disorders. They are rare diseases, but their global incidence is more relevant than generally thought. The underlying defect may involve different branches of the innate and/or adaptive immune response. Read More

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2018 Aug;41(8):622-627

Department of Respiratory Disease, Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361100, China.

To investigate the clinical characteristics and causes of misdiagnosis of esophageal bronchial fistula secondary to esophageal diverticulum. A case of esophageal bronchial fistula secondary to esophageal diverticulum was described with regard to its diagnosis and treatment process. A systematic literature review was performed for similar published cases in Wanfang, CNKI and Pubmed databases, using the key words "esophageal diverticulum, esophageal bronchial fistula" from January 1946 to August 2017. Read More