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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020 Jan 22. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Center of Reconstructive Surgery of Female Gender Characteristics, Luisenhospital Aachen, Teaching Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Boxgraben 99, 52064 Aachen, Germany.

Introduction: Numerous techniques have been proposed for the plastic surgical treatment of hypertrophic breasts. Challenges of the procedure include the preservation of vascular supply and sensitivity of the nipple areola complex (NAC), breast feeding, and an esthetically pleasing result.

Objectives: In the present preliminary report, we introduce a new technique called the three-block L-wing reduction mammaplasty that addresses the aforementioned difficulties. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Jun 18;6(6):e1844. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Private practice, Leawood, Kansas.

Background: Little information is presently available regarding the long-term effects of breast augmentation and mammaplasties on breast shape. Existing studies typically use 1-dimensional measurements and mean follow-up times seldom exceed 1 year.

Methods: Twenty women were studied: breast augmentation (n = 5), mastopexy (n = 5), augmentation/mastopexy (n = 5), and breast reduction (n = 5). Read More

Eplasty 2017 31;17:e14. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

We describe a modification of the inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty for oncoplastic reconstruction of a central tumor defect. Our technique involved a deepithelialized L-shaped medial inferior based flap with removal of lateral breast tissue after central lumpectomy with a contralateral Wise-pattern mastopexy with inferior pedicle for symmetry. This technique is ideal for patients with large, ptotic breasts that desire breast conservation with immediate reconstruction. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016 Aug 27;40(4):497-506. Epub 2016 May 27.

SO-EP Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seyitgazi Mah. Seyyid Burhaneddin Bulv. No: 51/A, 38050, Kayseri, Turkey.

Background: Ptotic breast deformity results from involution of breast parenchyma and leads to a loss of volume, along with a converse laxity of the skin envelope. As the breast tissue descends inferiorly with gravity, there is an apparent volume loss in the upper pole and the central breast, and the lower pole becomes fuller and often wider. This study presents modifications for a well-known mastopexy technique which provides not only autoaugmentation for the breast but also suspension for the breast parenchyma and reduces bottoming-out deformity, and also obtains a regular areola shape in all types of breasts. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2013 Aug;132(2):304-15

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA.

Background: Revision breast surgery following breast augmentation secondary to capsular contracture and implant rupture is not uncommon. Breast autoaugmentation using an inferior pedicle dermoglandular flap following implant removal was used in patients who did not want new implants, and outcomes were analyzed.

Methods: Thirty-nine breasts (38 breasts bilateral, one breast unilateral) in 20 consecutive patients (aged 38 to 66 years) were operated on. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2013 Jul;132(1):30e-45e

11413 Ash Street, Leawood, Kansas 66211, USA.

Background: Despite the growing popularity of breast lift surgery, no published study prospectively evaluates mastopexy and augmentation/mastopexy. Several investigators suggest an inordinate risk in combining augmentation and mastopexy, and recommend staging the surgery in some patients. However, no existing study includes the necessary individual and combined treatment cohorts to allow reliable comparisons of safety and efficacy. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013 Jul 10;66(7):937-49. Epub 2013 Apr 10.

Swanson Center, 11413 Ash Street, Leawood, KS 66211, USA.

Background: Patient-reported data, including effects on patient satisfaction and quality of life, have not been rigorously studied in women treated with mastopexy and augmentation/mastopexy. This prospective outcome study evaluates and compares mastopexy (n=36), augmentation/mastopexy (n=47), and reduction (n=20) from the patient's perspective.

Methods: Over a 5-year period, 125 consecutive women underwent vertical mammaplasties incorporating a medial pedicle. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012 Dec 6;36(6):1329-33. Epub 2012 Oct 6.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Vertical techniques have become a growing area in reduction mammaplasty. Although it has many advantages such as a smaller scar and durable results, some problems still persist. The Hall-Findlay superomedial pedicle technique is one approach to obtain better results but is not without drawbacks. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2010 Sep;126(3):786-93

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Bellville, South Africa.

Background: Nipple necrosis, a potential postoperative complication of breast surgery procedures, should be avoided. Because of the great variation in the blood supply to the nipple, it is advisable to include as many arteries in the pedicle as possible. According to the literature, the perforators of the internal thoracic artery are the most constant and reliable sources of blood to the nipple-areola complex. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2010 Mar;30(2):201-10

Northwestern University, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Background: The ptotic breast deformity results from two synergistic forces: involution of breast parenchyma leading to a loss of volume, along with a converse laxity of the skin envelope, which becomes inelastic and accommodating. As the breast tissue descends inferiorly on the chest wall with gravity, there is an apparent volume loss in the upper pole and the central breast, and the lower pole becomes fuller and often wider.

Objectives: The authors propose a technique whereby the superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty technique originally described by Lassus is modified to include transposition of glandular tissue to restore central mound projection while simultaneously narrowing the lower breast base and raising the inframammary crease. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2005 Jan-Feb;25(1):31-6

Background: Many procedures have been described in the search for the ideal mastopexy technique, ranging from simple cutaneous reduction, with or without glandular remodelling, to the use of dermal flaps fixed to the pectoral fascia, or even the use of silicone mesh or sheets.

Objective: We describe a technique that uses a dermoglandular hammock flap to achieve optimal position and shape of the breast; well located, good quality scars that are as short as possible; and satisfactory early- and long-term results.

Methods: A superior pedicle dermoglandular flap was raised from the lower pole of the breast and transposed to the upper pole. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):357-63

In private practice in Boca Raton, FL, USA.

Background: A preliminary report on a new technique for dermal overlap subareolar mastopexy appeared in 2001.

Objective: This paper reports on a series of 117 patients who underwent subareolar mastopexy and describes several modifications of the original technique.

Methods: Preoperative markings defined the upper edge of the new areola position, the circumferential outline, and the outer edge of the areola. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2002 Jul;29(3):379-91

Any pedicle can be used to achieve a good breast reduction. We need to look at the skin pattern as separate from the pedicle design. There are numerous (and good) combinations available. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2000 May-Jun;24(3):206-11

A series of patients operated from 1995 through 1997 is reviewed. The women ranged in age from 18 to 40 and were seen in either a university- or a private-hospital setting. Thirty-eight of the patients underwent reduction mammaplasty, which was performed using an inferior pedicle technique with a straight-line incision; two patients underwent mastopexy only. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5):331-6

Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

The critical points which should not be overlooked when performing reduction mammaplasty are to minimize scar on the breast and to ensure a sufficient blood supply for the viability of the nipple-areolar complex. Periareolar reduction mammaplasty has been widely used because it left only one scar around the areola. However, with the typical periareolar reduction mammaplasty technique, it is difficult to remove a large amount of breast tissue and mobilize the remaining breast tissue. Read More

Br J Plast Surg 1999 Jan;52(1):45-51

Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Vienna, Austria.

In the last decades new techniques of reduction mammaplasty significantly improved the results obtained and led to a reduced incidence of complications. However, some important problems like the loss of a natural submammary fold and alteration in the shape of the breast with time still remained mostly unsolved and the medial scars in the inverted T techniques are aesthetically unsatisfying. A new strategy for reduction mammaplasty has been developed based on a combination of advantages of other techniques. Read More