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Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Mar;33(3):341-344

Department of Aesthetic Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of modified inferior pedicle technique with inverted T pattern for severe breast hypertrophy.

Methods: Between January 2016 and May 2017, 15 patients of severe breast hypertrophy had undergone breast reduction using inferior pedicle technique with inverted T pattern combined with dermal suspension sling technique. The patients were 20 to 49 years old, with an average age of 31. Read More

J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2019 Apr 18;53(2):105-110. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

c The Georgia Institute for Plastic Surgery , Savannah , GA , USA.

Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most common plastic surgical procedures performed in the United States. Occasionally patients will require a second reduction to address persistent or recurrent symptomatic macromastia. When the vascular pedicle of a primary breast reduction is unknown, there is uncertainty regarding how best to proceed with a secondary reduction. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019 Mar 14;72(3):410-418. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.

Background: The superomedial pedicle reduction mammaplasty has been noted in the literature to provide superior aesthetic results and longevity as well as shorter operative times. However, the inferior pedicle continues to be the most commonly utilized technique in the United States. There is a lack of large-volume outcome studies examining how the superomedial pedicle technique compares against more established reduction methods. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Jun 19;6(6):e1798. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Surgical Research, Breast Unit, King Fahd General Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Significant macromastia is socially and physically debilitating. Reduction mammaplasty in these cases carries significant morbidity.

Methods: Cases of inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty performed at the breast unit, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, over the last 10 years were reviewed. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 May 14;6(5):e1783. Epub 2018 May 14.

Dr. Michelle Copeland, New York, N.Y.

Background: Limited scar Lejour technique for breast reduction is conventionally used to remove less than 500 g of breast tissue per breast, but is effective for greater macromastia. Plastic surgery residents gain limited experience with this technique, and it is infrequently performed in the United States. To understand technique selection, we surveyed board-certified plastic surgeons and compared outcomes with the Lejour technique in 1 practice to those with other methods. Read More

Plast Surg Int 2018 12;2018:9205805. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

The Plastic Surgery Center, The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction, Egg Harbor Township, NJ, USA.

Purpose: Given the proposed increased risk of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis, nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is generally not recommended for patients with large or significantly ptotic breasts. NAC preserving strategies in this subgroup include staged or simultaneous NSM and reduction mastopexy. We present a novel approach towards simultaneous NSM and reduction mastopexy in patients with large, ptotic breasts. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Feb 15;6(2):e1673. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah; Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Africa; Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Africa; Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Africa; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah.

In this presentation of 2 consecutive cases of symptomatic juvenile breast hypertrophy in Ghana, we review the patient presentation, workup, and discuss outcomes following a combined technique of inferior pedicle stump with free nipple graft reduction mammoplasty. Surgical goals for treatment of gigantomastia were 2-fold: to resect adequate tissue to obtain symptomatic relief with improved quality of life, while avoiding a flat, boxy-appearing breast shape. Read More

Eplasty 2018 22;18:e4. Epub 2018 Jan 22.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Oncoplastic surgery was developed to allow for large tumor excision and immediate breast reconstruction with the goal of optimal breast shape and symmetry. Although initially used in women who underwent lumpectomy for breast malignancy, these techniques can be useful for cosmetic issues caused by benign breast disease. We describe a modification of an inferior pedicle with Wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty for oncoplastic reconstruction of a giant fibroadenoma. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Feb 12;42(1):100-111. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

DeWitt-Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Clinical Research Building (CRB), 1120 NW 14th Street, Room 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.

Background: Reduction mammoplasty is among the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures. The reduction pedicle is traditionally de-epithelialized. Many practitioners propose that preservation of the subdermal blood supply results in improved circulation for the nipple-areolar complex. Read More

Eplasty 2017 21;17:e33. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

The Ohio State University Department of Plastic Surgery, Columbus, OH.

Since its inception, reduction mammoplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice initially focused on developing techniques to preserve tissue viability; breast parenchyma, skin, and nipple tissue that has expanded to include sensation and erectile function play a large role in the physical intimacy of women. Studies regarding primary innervation to the nipple are few and often contradictory. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 02 26;42(1):47-48. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Pietà Medical Center, Curitiba, Brazil.

Ann Plast Surg 2018 Mar;80(3):217-222

From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Introduction: Although multiple pedicle and skin excision techniques exist for gigantomastic breast reduction, no consensus exists as to which method is most effective in providing an aesthetically pleasing breast, especially in the long-term period. This study aimed to compare the aesthetic and surgical outcomes between inferior pedicle and superomedial pedicle reductions, which both use Wise pattern skin excision in gigantomastic patients.

Methods: A prospective study was planned, and the number of patients was determined before the beginning of the study. Read More

Acta Biomed 2017 08 23;88(2):156-160. Epub 2017 Aug 23.

Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Cutaneous, Regenerative, Mininvasive and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Italy.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Excessive body weight represents a huge problem affecting a wide part of world population, causing significant physical and psychological consequences. To solve their obesity-related problems, patients should begin a bariatric treatment to lose an adequate percentage of their body mass and therefore, they should be subjected to body contouring surgery. In this article we describe our experience in applying breast remodeling techniques to post-bariatric patients. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Feb 24;42(1):38-46. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.

Background: More attention is focused on sensory outcomes following breast reduction operations. We conducted this prospective, non-randomized study to compare two commonly used breast reduction techniques, superomedial pedicle and inferior pedicle, regarding sensation of the nipple-areolar complex.

Methods: We prospectively assigned 60 patients with macromastia into the superomedial pedicle group (SMP group, n = 30) or the inferior pedicle (IP group, n = 30) group. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2017 12 1;49(6):390-398. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Introduction: Reduction mammaplasty in patients with gigantomastia is challenging even to very experienced plastic surgeons. Extremely elongated pedicles impair the vascular supply of the nipple-areola complex. Breast shaping and effective reduction are difficult due to the severely stretched skin envelope. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Dec 11;41(6):1311-1317. Epub 2017 Jul 11.

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Breast reduction techniques depend on the vascularity of the pedicle. Preserving vascularity of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is mandatory for reduction mammoplasties, as the NAC is the most important aesthetic and functional unit of the breast. The inferior pedicle technique is the most common method for breast reduction; however, pedicle length may increase after using this technique and cause problems related to NAC viability in gigantomastic and hypertrophic breasts. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Jun;139(6):1313-1322

Christchurch, New Zealand; and Banff, Alberta, Canada From Christchurch Hospital and Banff Plastic Surgery.

Background: This article examines outcomes following breast re-reduction surgery using a random pattern blood supply to the nipple and vertical scar reduction.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent bilateral breast re-reduction surgery performed by a single surgeon over a 12-year period. Patient demographics, surgical technique, and outcomes were analyzed. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Oct 23;41(5):1024-1030. Epub 2017 May 23.

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey.

Objective: To compare the perioperative findings of inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty (IPRM) performed with or without a tourniquet.

Methods: This study was carried out in the plastic and reconstructive surgery department at a tertiary care center on a total of 42 consecutive women scheduled for IPRM. Patients in Group I (n = 21) underwent surgery using a tourniquet, whereas patients in Group II (n = 21) were operated on without a tourniquet. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 May;139(5):1074e-1079e

Madison, Wis.; and Houston, Texas From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Background: Use of dilute epinephrine tumescent solution in breast reduction surgery has been shown to significantly decrease operative blood loss without increasing perioperative complications. Lidocaine is commonly added to epinephrine to decrease postoperative pain. Evidence supporting this practice, however, is limited, and lidocaine toxicity has been reported. Read More

J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2017 Dec 18;51(6):436-445. Epub 2017 Apr 18.

b Department of Plastic Surgery , Inha University School of Medicine , Incheon , Korea.

Background: This study introduces a central pedicle reduction mammaplasty with a vertical scar technique.

Objectives: This study is aimed to create a more conical breast shape and long-lasting better projection by modifying reduction mammaplasty by central pedicle flap.

Method: Preoperative markings were made including the meridian line of breast and the new location of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). Read More

Eplasty 2017 31;17:e14. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

We describe a modification of the inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty for oncoplastic reconstruction of a central tumor defect. Our technique involved a deepithelialized L-shaped medial inferior based flap with removal of lateral breast tissue after central lumpectomy with a contralateral Wise-pattern mastopexy with inferior pedicle for symmetry. This technique is ideal for patients with large, ptotic breasts that desire breast conservation with immediate reconstruction. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2017 Jun;78(6S Suppl 5):S347-S350

From the *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA; and †Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Background: Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery operations. For a majority of techniques, the most common long-term complication is pseudoptosis. It has previously been proposed that upper breast suspensory ligaments (SL) are weaker than lower breast SL. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Oct 3;41(5):1037-1044. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Background: Inferior pedicle and free nipple grafting are commonly used as breast reduction techniques for patients with breast hypertrophy and gigantomastia. Limitations of these techniques are, respectively, possible vascular compromise and total/partial necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). The authors describe the innovative inferocentral pedicled reduction mammaplasty (ICPBR) enhanced by preservation of Würinger's septum for severe hypertrophic breasts. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Aug 3;41(4):773-781. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Breast Unit, University of Udine, C/o Ospedale "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.

Background: Healthy breast surgery constitutes an important step to achieve symmetry in unilateral implant-based reconstructions. We analysed long-term results of breast symmetry obtained with reduction mammaplasties, and we evaluated whether different glandular pedicles may better preserve long-term stability.

Method: Between 2006 and 2012, 90 patients underwent mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with tissue expanders and simultaneous contralateral reduction mammaplasty. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2017 Jul;79(1):13-16

From the *Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and † Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center/Harlem Hospital, New York, NY.

Reduction mammaplasty is a commonly-performed procedure among plastic surgeons. Although several methods exist, the Wise pattern/inferior pedicle (IP) technique is the most widely used. The vertical scar/superomedial pedicle (SP) technique has gained acceptance for its shorter scar and more durable projection results, but some hesitation remains with its use in larger volume reductions. Read More

World J Plast Surg 2017 Jan;6(1):82-87

Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.

Background: Surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2017 Feb 21;5(2):e1225. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Breast reduction is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures, and pedicle deepithelialization remains a time-consuming step of the operation. This is especially true when using an inferior pedicle. We present a novel technique of intradermal infiltration of the breast pedicle with local anesthetic to facilitate efficient, bloodless deepithelialization. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2017 31;2017:3491012. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Juvenile hypertrophy of the breast (JHB) is a rare and relentless disease affecting women in the peripubertal period. We present a 13-year-old girl with massive bilateral JHB, successfully treated with a breast reduction and free nipple graft technique. A total of 7300 grams of breast tissue had been removed, accounting for 14. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Feb 28;41(1):1-9. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.

Background: Reduction in breasts with well-preserved nipple sensation and a viable nipple-areola complex (NAC) is one of the basic core concepts of reduction mammoplasty. Many techniques have been described with enthusiasm advocating full achievement of the aforementioned goals. The goal of this study is to introduce a novel technique that provides an intact neurovascular source to the nipple-areola complex for reduction in gigantic breasts. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 04;139(4):1017e-1018e

Department of Maxillofacial, Plastic, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic Surgery, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France Plastic, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic and Burn Surgery Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hopital Sud, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.

Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 04;139(4):1018e

Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2016 9;10:185-189. Epub 2016 Nov 9.

Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic-Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.

More high-risk women with breast cancer are identified using genetic testing at a younger age. These young women often opt for prophylactic surgery. Most patients are reluctant for extra donor-site scars besides infections and necrosis. Read More

Indian J Plast Surg 2016 May-Aug;49(2):214-219

Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Background: Surgery for hypertrophied breasts represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good post-surgical cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, a round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Nov;138(5):968-975

New York, N.Y.;and New Orleans, La. From the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center; the Division of Plastic Surgery, New York Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center.

Background: The profunda artery perforator flap was first introduced for breast reconstruction in 2010. In this article, the authors analyze the results of all profunda artery perforator flaps performed by their group to date.

Methods: A retrospective review was completed of consecutive profunda artery perforator flaps performed by the senior author (R. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2017 Feb;78(2):145-148

From the *Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; †Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; ‡Clinic for Plastic Surgery, Mølhom Private Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; §Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical System, New York, NY; ∥Department of Plastic Surgery, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle & Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Background: The challenging breast reshaping after massive weight loss (MWL) has been increasingly performed as the number of bariatric surgery procedures increase worldwide. The breasts often appear wide, lateralized, and deflated, with significant ptosis.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to share our initial experience using the lower pole subglandular advancement mastoplasty (LOPOSAM) technique to reshape the breasts in MWL patients and to elaborate the technical details and simplicity of the method in the attached video. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016 Oct 29;40(5):690-8. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Postoperative changes following superior pedicle breast reduction are closely related to the pattern of skin resection. We have observed that the superior pedicle, short horizontal scar breast reduction technique provides a stable breast shape in the long term. We test the validity of our clinical observations through objective analysis of postoperative dimensional changes following superior pedicle, short horizontal scar breast reduction. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Oct;138(4):781e-3e

Yale University New Haven, Conn. University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, Calif. Yale University New Haven, Conn.

J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2016 Oct 4;50(5):307-14. Epub 2016 May 4.

a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery , Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey.

Objective: In breast reduction surgery, while the primary objective may appear to be decreasing the breast volume, the ultimate goal is to achieve symmetrical, appealing, and sustainable breast cosmesis. To circumvent late-term ptosis following inferior pedicle mammoplasty, methods such as pedicle suspension to the ribs, support with dermal flaps and grafts, and the use of some alloplastic materials have been proposed. This paper presents a method of folding and fixing the inferocentral pedicle on itself and the underlying pectoral fascia. Read More

Gland Surg 2016 Apr;5(2):255-60

1 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK ; 2 Department of Surgery, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton Victoria 3168, Australia.

For autologous breast reconstruction, there are cases where one free flap cannot provide the volume of tissue required, and the concept of 'stacked' bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) flaps was developed, in which hemi-abdominal flaps are raised on each deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), and both flaps transferred to the chest. In cases of bilateral breast reconstruction, stacked flaps may be required to achieve volume replacement, however options are not described. We demonstrate the use of stacked free flaps for bilateral breast reconstruction, using one DIEP flap stacked with one transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap for each side. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2016 Apr 5;43(2):365-72. Epub 2016 Feb 5.

Partners in Plastic Surgery, 4070 Lake Drive, Suite 202, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA.

Breast reduction is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures performed on the breast. There are now numerous alternatives to the standard inverted-T inferior pedicle technique. The short scar periareolar inferior pedicle reduction (SPAIR) mammaplasty is one of these techniques. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2016 Apr 3;43(2):349-58. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, L352A, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address:

Wise pattern breast reduction remains the most popular method of performing moderate- to large-sized breast reductions in the United States. Shape distortion after breast reduction can be a result of design flaw, execution of technique, or the result of postoperative complications. This article focuses primarily on optimal design and intraoperative techniques for prevention of shape distortion. Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2016 Jan 29;90(1):10-5. Epub 2015 Dec 29.

Ankara Training and Research Hospital Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Bottoming-out deformity is accepted as the most important disadvantage of inferior pedicle breast reduction. For prevention of this deformity, different techniques are used in combination with inferior pedicle. In this study, we aimed to prevent bottoming-out deformity by producing an internal bra effect through combination of inferior pedicle technique with 2 superior and 2 inferior dermal flaps that were raised from each side of the pedicle. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2016 Dec;77(6):609-614

From the Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.

It is generally claimed that short-scar mammaplasty is limited to small-to-medium reductions. Its use in patients with severe macromastia has been associated with a high rate of complications. This report presents our experience of reduction mammaplasty greater than 1000 g per breast using a short-scar technique. Read More

Plast Surg (Oakv) 2015 ;23(4):244-6

Department of Plastic Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; ; Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;

Background: Improvement of lung function following reduction mammoplasty has been previously reported among adult populations in the medical literature.

Objectives: To evaluate the intraoperative dynamics of pulmonary function in adolescents undergoing reduction mammoplasty.

Methods: The present study is a prospective case series of female patients 13 to 18 years of age who underwent inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty between November 20, 2006 and April 4, 2011. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Jan;137(1):242e

Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206 Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea,

Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Jan;137(1):242e-243e

Partners in Plastic Surgery, 4070 Lake Drive, Suite 202, Grand Rapids, Mich. 49546,

Arch Plast Surg 2015 Jul 14;42(4):446-52. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

Background: Various techniques are used for performing breast reduction. Wise-pattern and vertical scar techniques are the most commonly employed approaches. However, a vertical scar in the mid-lower breast is prominent and aesthetically less pleasant. Read More

Arch Plast Surg 2015 Jul 14;42(4):438-45. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, London Breast Institute, London, UK.

Background: Breast auto-augmentation (BAA) using an inferior pedicle dermoglandular flap aims to redistribute the breast tissue in order to increase the fullness in the upper pole and enhance the central projection of the breast at the time of mastopexy in women who want to avoid implants. The procedure achieves mastopexy and an increase in breast volume.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2014, 107 BAA procedures were performed in 53 patients (51 bilateral, 2 unilateral and 3 reoperations) with primary or secondary ptosis of the breast associated with loss of fullness in the upper pole (n=45) or undergoing explantation combined with capsulectomy (n=8). Read More

Int J Clin Exp Med 2015 15;8(4):6613-20. Epub 2015 Apr 15.

Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022, China.

Objective: To explore a method of breast reduction which ensures well nipple and areola lactation function, adequate blood supply and good medial fullness and projection. At the same time, this study could evaluate the advantages of the combination of inferior pedicle method and dermal suspension sling technique for breast reduction.

Methods: From 2011. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015 Jun 17;39(3):350-8. Epub 2015 Apr 17.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey,

Background: The inferior pedicle mammaplasty is particularly applied to large breasts with a long sternal notch to nipple distance. The present study reports modifications developed to solve the bottoming-out deformity, the lack of upper pole fullness and the wound healing problems seen at the reverse T-zone, known disadvantages of the inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty, and evaluates postoperative sensation.

Methods: A total of 110 patients with a mean age of 32 underwent the same technique. Read More