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Breast Cancer 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with breast reconstruction helps to optimize the contour of the breast after mastectomy. However, the indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy are still controversial. Local radiation to the nipple-areola complex may play some roles in improving the oncological safety of this procedure. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Background: No single technique for nipple areola reconstruction best fits every patient and clinical scenario. Many techniques fail to provide long-term projection. One especially challenging cohort are those patients who have undergone bilateral implant-based reconstruction. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2019 ;90:1-2

Aim of this paper is to allows to analyze a topic of great relevance and media interest such as the role of prophylactic mastectomy in healthy women with BRCA mutation proposing to the surgeons some useful informations for decision-making. Less than 15% of all breast cancers are associated with germline genetic mutations. The majority of hereditary breast tumors are due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that are responsible for only one third of hereditary cases. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Surgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00199, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is considered an oncologically sound procedure but necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) or skin flaps is a concern, particularly in the presence of risk factors. To increase the indications for NSM and decrease such complications, different procedures of "surgical delay" (SD) have been described.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent SD for NSM at four Italian Breast Centers from 2014 to 2017 was performed. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Mar;143(3):698-699

London, United Kingdom From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guys & St Thomas' Hospital.

Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is the culmination of a long road for patients who have suffered breast cancer. The postoperative dressing of the reconstructive nipple must protect it from mechanical forces, trauma, and infection. A broad array of dressings has been used for the reconstructed nipple. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 Apr 11;43(2):313-327. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.

Background: Major surgical concerns associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are partial or total nipple-areola complex (NAC) loss, decreased sensation, and nipple malposition. Patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes including malposition in patients who have undergone unilateral expander-implant reconstruction after NSM as compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent spared or reconstructed NAC after unilateral NSM as compared with unilateral SSM. Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2019 Jan 26;96(1):8-13. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: The creation of the nipple-areola complex is the final stage in breast reconstruction and highly affects patient satisfaction. The neo-nipple is well known to shrink over time, particularly in the nipple projection. Currently, no reconstruction technique is clearly superior in terms of nipple size maintenance. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2019 Apr;82(4):375-381

Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.

Background: Breast deformity is common following lumpectomy. Use of ptotic lower pole tissue for restoration of volume in the upper pole is quite appealing since it allows for a concomitant lift. This study presents the medial pillar island flap technique of oncoplastic breast reconstruction of upper pole defects. Read More

J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2019 Feb 17;53(1):1-13. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

a Department of clinical sciences , University of Gothenburg. The Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden.

A dermal sling (DS) is used to cover the implant with two layers of tissue when immediate breast reconstruction is performed in women with large and ptotic breasts. It works as an autologous acellular dermal matrix/mesh that can be used to control the implant pocket and inframammary fold, without inferring an extra foreign material and higher costs. There is relatively little published about the DS technique. Read More

Breast Care (Basel) 2018 Oct 20;13(5):373-378. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.

Background: This study aimed to examine the incidence of surgical complications associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with primary implant reconstruction, analyze risk factors for early and late surgical complications of NSM, and determine the incidence of local recurrences and the safety of sparing the nipple-areola complex (NAC).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 435 patients with 441 NSM procedures over a period of 9 years (2004-2012). All surgical complications and the oncological outcome were recorded during follow-up. Read More

Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2018 Oct 31. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation , 60 Musk Avenue , Kelvin Grove , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia , 4059 ;

Nipple-areola complex reconstruction is a common procedure that often accompanies breast reconstruction. Historically, local skin flaps were utilised for nipple reconstruction, with more recent techniques exploring the addition of implanted material. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE&RM) represents a potential source of stable and biocompatible implantable tissue which may have a positive effect on cosmetic outcomes. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2018 Oct 9. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA.

Background: The landscape of surgical and medical management and patient choices for breast cancer treatment changes as breast reconstruction and oncoplastic approaches improve and diversify. Increased access to breast reconstruction, in addition to patient education, influences the breast cancer patient. Therefore, the examination of the possible impact of reconstructive surgery on all stages of the breast cancer management per se seemed timely. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018 Sep;40(9):690-695

The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.

To explore the oncological safety of immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-areola complex(NAC) sparing mastectomy(NSM+ IBR) in patients with early stage breast cancer, and to analyze the prognostic factors of NSM+ IBR. From January 2004 to December 2015, the clinical data of 118 cases of stage Ⅰ-ⅡA breast cancer who had undergone NSM+ IBR in Tianjin Tumor Hospital were collected, comparing with 75 cases of Ⅰ-ⅡA breast cancer patients who had undergone immediate breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy (MRM+ IBR) at the same period. In addition to the prognosis of these two groups, the prognostic factors were also retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Indian J Surg Oncol 2018 Sep 8;9(3):343-348. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

1Division of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radio Diagnosis & Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

A variety of factors including tumor biology and distance of the tumor from the nipple have been associated with nipple areola complex involvement in patients with breast cancer. Preoperative understanding regarding these factors can help in modifying the surgical options including preservation of nipple areola complex (NAC) and breast conservation. Nipple sparing surgery (breast conservation surgery/skin sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction) for breast cancer has gained widespread interest with the aim of achieving oncologically safe and cosmetically acceptable outcome. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 Feb 1;43(1):76-82. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.

Background: Nipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction is the final critical process used to achieve breast symmetry, patient satisfaction, and overall reconstruction completeness. Here, we introduce our simplified simultaneous NAC reconstruction approach with nipple sharing and tattooing that resulted in minimal morbidity, high patient satisfaction, and a shortened total reconstructive period.

Methods: Patients who underwent simultaneous nipple sharing and tattooing between July 2012 and December 2017 after the final operative procedure or adjuvant therapy were included. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2018 Nov 28;63(5-6):516-541. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique et réparatrice, hôpital Civil, CHU de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Oncoplastic surgery is to treat breast tumors with the help of plastic surgery. Efficiency of breast-conserving treatments (BCT) compared to mastectomies is equivalent. BCT is better accepted but can cause breast deformity, thus further operations. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Oct 9;71(10):1432-1439. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy. Department of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address:

Preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) in immediate reconstruction of ptotic and large breasts is surgically challenging. This article presents a modification of the inferior dermal flap ("dermal sling") to a vertical bipedicle flap with NAC preservation. This flap is well described in breast reductions but has never been described in a mastectomy setting. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 11;142(5):793e

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Breast J 2018 Nov 14;24(6):940-943. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Mastologist of Ceará Cancer Institute (ICC), Professor of Medical School of Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Surgical treatment of breast cancer has changed considerably over the past four decades, culminating in the substitution of conservative approaches for Halsted's paradigm from 1894. In parallel, many breast reconstruction techniques have been proposed for patients requiring mastectomy with loss of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). Myocutaneous flaps were once the most common form of reconstruction, but recently the use of implants and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in one or two stages has gained popularity. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 12;142(6):826e-835e

New York, N.Y. From the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Health.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy allows for preservation of the entire nipple-areola complex using various incision patterns. Reconstructive trends and overall risk associated with these diverse nipple-sparing mastectomy incisions have yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods: All nipple-sparing mastectomies from 2006 to 2017 were identified; outcomes were stratified by type of mastectomy incision: lateral or vertical radial, inframammary fold, Wise pattern, previous, and periareolar. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Dec 3;71(12):1751-1760. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Nipple- and areola-sparing mastectomy is a novel surgical approach that preserves the nipple-areolar complex. Patients with moderate and/or severe breast ptosis are usually not eligible for this surgical approach. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of nonconventional surgical approaches for nipple-sparing mastectomy. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2018 Nov 23;63(5-6):542-544. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Département de chirurgie plastique, Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France. Electronic address:

Immediate breast reconstruction indications extend to infiltrating carcinomas, due to new matrix implant coverage techniques and the development of perforator flaps. These techniques allow adjuvant treatments. However, the decision of immediate reconstruction must be discussed with the oncological multidisciplinary team and the benefits/risks must also be evaluated in relation to the morphology of the patients and their co-morbidities. Read More

Breast J 2018 Nov 31;24(6):1028-1034. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Institute for Reconstructive Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is becoming more commonplace as it offers a more esthetic breast appearance while still appropriately treating malignancy. However, patients with prior circum-areolar incisions are often considered at risk for nipple viability. The authors present a case series of all patients undergoing NSM at their institution between 2012 and 2016. Read More

Gland Surg 2018 Jun;7(3):316-324

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA.

As surgical methods continue to evolve and patients become more educated consumers of their medical care, both oncologic breast surgeons and reconstructive plastic surgeons should understand the current options for surgical management of breast cancer. This review evaluates the current autologous breast reconstruction options following nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM). A comprehensive review of the current literature discussing autologous reconstruction after NSM was performed. Read More

Gland Surg 2018 Jun;7(3):258-266

Department of Plastic Surgery, Regina Elena Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Background: Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a psychologically effective and oncological safe procedure followed by immediate breast reconstruction.

Methods: Between January 2015 and September 2015 the authors conducted a retrospective review of 40 patients divided into two groups depending on breast volume and weight of mastectomy: group A, 20 patients with small breast; group B, 20 patients with medium breast for nipple sparing mastectomy and direct to implant (DTI) breast reconstruction using strict patient selection and a standardized surgical technique. The nipple areola complex/flap viability were analysed intraoperatively through the use of laser assisted indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent angiography. Read More

Gland Surg 2018 Jun;7(3):247-257

Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA.

Background: The American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) Nipple Sparing Mastectomy Registry (NSMR) is a prospective, non-randomized, IRB approved, multi-institutional registry. The purpose of this Registry is to provide a large, prospective, non-randomized database of patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, surgical technique, and outcome (both aesthetic and oncologic) of the nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM).

Methods: Data is entered into the ASBrS NSMR, housed within the Mastery of Surgery Program, after patients consent to participation. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 9;42(6):1439-1446. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.

Nipple-areola complex (NAC) loss is one of the most devastating complications of mastopexy or breast reduction, and it requires revisional procedures with poor aesthetic outcome. In high-risk patients, a free nipple graft could be a choice, but it is associated with the same aesthetic concerns for both patients and surgeons. We report our experience with the septum-supero-medial-based mammaplasty to treat 22 patients with severe breast ptosis (nipple-to-sternal-notch distance > 40 cm). Read More

Breast Cancer 2019 Jan 6;26(1):58-64. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.

Purpose: Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) for breast cancer preserves the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and has limited the extent of the scar, giving good cosmetic results. However, NAC malposition may occur. The aim of this study is to evaluate NAC malposition after NSM and to determine factors associated with malposition in two-stage reconstruction. Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2018 Sep 29;25(9):2579-2586. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Reconstructrice, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

Background: Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) could be a significant advancement in the treatment of breast cancers and prophylaxis because the mastectomy is performed without leaving any scar on the breast. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the safety of RNSM with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR).

Methods: In this prospective study, RNSM with IPBR was offered to patients with breast cup size A, B or C and ptosis grade ≤ 2. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2018 Jul;45(3):369-380

Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, Gent 9000, Belgium. Electronic address:

Chest surgery can greatly facilitate the experience of living in a gender role. For transfeminine chest surgery, most surgeons recommend a 12-month period of feminizing hormone therapy prior to breast augmentation. For those who already have some breast volume due to hormone treatment, lipofilling can be a good option. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 4;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.

is a rare opportunistic aerobic gram-negative bacillus that naturally exists in soil, water and plants. The pathogen has been described in association with diabetic foot infections, biliary infections, bacteraemia and native and prosthetic joint infections. Fat necrosis and wound infection following breast reduction surgery or other plastic surgeries caused by this pathogen have not been previously described. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 08;142(2):331-336

New York, N.Y. From the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Health.

Background: A primary goal in chest wall reconstruction ("top surgery") for trans men is achieving a symmetric, aesthetically pleasing position of the reconstructed male nipple-areola complex.

Methods: The senior author's (A.H. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2018 Jun;80(6):639-643

Introduction: The morphological result of nipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction may be disappointing for patients who undergo skin-sparing mastectomies and immediate breast reconstruction, followed by secondary reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex.The aim of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction after nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap.

Materials And Methods: Our retrospective study involved all patients who underwent an immediate breast reconstruction after unilateral mastectomy with conservation of the NAC. Read More

Eplasty 2018 19;18:e15. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Louisville, Ky.

: There are many approaches to nipple-areola complex reconstruction. Tissue quality and thickness, desired nipple location and size, scar position, and surgeon preference all play a role in selecting a technique. We present the rectangle-to-cube nipple flap, a new technique for challenging nipple reconstruction. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Feb 14;6(2):e1685. Epub 2018 Feb 14.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y.

Breast reconstruction that leaves no visible scars on the breast is possible for a subset of patients. This article reviews a cohort of 10 patients who underwent 14 autologous breast reconstructions. To achieve a reconstruction without visible breast scars, the mastectomy and autologous reconstruction are carried out through a periareolar incision. Read More

Pol Przegl Chir 2018 Feb;90(1):25-28

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University in Łódź; Head: Bogusław Antoszewski MD, PhD.

Introduction: There are many methods of analyzing the appearance of the breasts, but most of them are based on the patient's subjective assessment or on the opinion of a specialist panel. Anthropometric measurements enable objective breast evaluation. The aim of the study was to compare the objective and subjective evaluation of aesthetic results of breast symmetrization in patients with Poland syndrome. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 03;141(3):404e-416e

Seattle, Wash.; and Denver, Colo. From the Center for Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center; and the University of Colorado Hospital, University of Colorado.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how to determine nipple-areola complex positioning on the reconstructed breast. 2. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 03;141(3):331e-340e

Palo Alto, Calif. From the Stanford School of Medicine and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University.

Background: Aesthetics plays a large role in determining a successful outcome in plastic and reconstructive surgery. As such, understanding perceptions of favorable aesthetics is crucial for optimizing patient satisfaction. Eye-tracking technology offers an unbiased way of measuring how viewers evaluate breast reconstructions. Read More

Surg Today 2018 Jun 21;48(6):591-597. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.

Purpose: Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) enables a radical cure of breast cancer while overcoming the cosmetic issues related to surgery. We review our experience of performing SSMs and assess whether preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) could have been an option for some patients who underwent SSM.

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were women who underwent SSM that utilized four incision types; namely, the so-called tennis racket incision, a periareolar and midaxillary incision, an areola-sparing and midaxillary incision, and a small transverse elliptical incision. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2018 May;80(5):475-480

Background: The acceptance of nipple-sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer in selected patients has introduced ancillary procedures to improve breast shape, correct ptosis, and enhance breast symmetry. Mastopexy before or at the time of nipple-sparing mastectomy has been performed to correct ptosis, but there have been no reports on secondary Wise pattern mastopexy after completion of staged subcutaneous expander/implant reconstruction.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2015, 155 patients (255 breasts) underwent staged subcutaneous implant/expander-based reconstruction after inframammary nipple-sparing mastectomy. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Jun;38(7):734-741

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

Background: Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) after nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSM) can have complications that require explantation of a tissue expander or permanent prosthesis. When complications occur, preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) remains critical to ensure aesthetic breast reconstruction. To date, there are minimal data on outcomes for patients experiencing unplanned explantations in IBR after NSM. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Apr 16;42(2):412-421. Epub 2018 Jan 16.

Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Balikesir University, Çagis Yerleskesi, Balıkesir, Turkey.

Background: Gigantomastia is defined as extreme hypertrophy of the female breast. It is a disabling condition that presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Initial breast volume is an important factor affecting the success of the reduction. Read More

Surg Innov 2018 Apr 12;25(2):110-114. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

1 Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.

Introduction: Preoperative planning is an essential prerequisite for the success of plastic surgery. In procedures such as breast reduction, freehand drawings may be associated with a number of challenges during the determination of axes vertical and parallel to the surgical site. Furthermore, many procedures involve subjective maneuvers, such as attempts aimed at positioning both nipples on the same line and transferring nipple-areola complexes in a well-matched manner. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Apr 4;42(2):434-441. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Breast Surgical Unit, Morgagni - Pierantoni Hospital, 47100, Forlì, Italy.

Introduction: The introduction of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) contributed to the growing diffusion of direct-to-implant breast reconstruction (DTI-BR) following mastectomy for breast cancer. According to specific legislations, European specialists could not benefit from the use of human-derived ADMs, even though most evidence in the literature are available for this kind of device, showed optimal outcomes in breast reconstruction. The Skin Bank of the Bufalini Hospital (Cesena, Italy) obtained in 2009 the approval for the production and distribution of a new human cadaver-donor-derived ADM (named with the Italian acronym, MODA, for matrice omologa dermica acellulata) from the Italian National Transplant Center and National Health Institute. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Jun 4;42(3):656-661. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishisinbashi Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.

Background: Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is the final process in breast reconstruction. Local flaps and paramedical pigmentation is one of the major procedures for this. However, fading after paramedical pigmentation leads to a color difference between the selected pigment and its color in the skin. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 01;141(1):23-30

Naples, Italy From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Virology and Microbiology, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli; the Unit of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Università Federico II; and the Department of Public Health.

Background: Capsular contracture around breast implants is a severe and unpredictable complication experienced by up to 50 percent of patients after breast augmentation and reconstruction, and represents a major cause leading to reoperation. Several lines of evidence point to the involvement of subclinical infections and of bacterial biofilm formation.

Methods: To reduce the incidence of capsular contracture following mammaplasty, the authors studied the correlation between contamination by exogenous and endogenous bacterial flora and the capacity to develop bacterial biofilm in mammary implants. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Feb 22;42(1):73-79. Epub 2017 Dec 22.

Public Health Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

The purpose of this study is to introduce a breast reduction technique designed to reduce the incidence of postoperative nipple-areola complex ischemia and necrosis following reduction mammoplasty, while at the same time allowing all the other goals of breast reduction to be realized. This is achieved through preoperative detection of perforating vessels supplying the nipple-areola complex using a hand-held Doppler. The horizontally based parenchymal pedicle is designed to include these perforators whether originating from the internal mammary artery, lateral thoracic artery or both. Read More

Eplasty 2017 21;17:e33. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

The Ohio State University Department of Plastic Surgery, Columbus, OH.

Since its inception, reduction mammoplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice initially focused on developing techniques to preserve tissue viability; breast parenchyma, skin, and nipple tissue that has expanded to include sensation and erectile function play a large role in the physical intimacy of women. Studies regarding primary innervation to the nipple are few and often contradictory. Read More

Breast J 2018 05 15;24(3):298-303. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Division of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Department, Valencia Oncology Institute, Valencia, Spain.

The objective was to determine the 10-year oncological safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The use of NSM preserves the nipple-areola complex (NAC). As residual fibroglandular breast tissue can remain behind the spared NAC, its use for patient with breast cancer is controversial. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 02 20;71(2):267-269. Epub 2017 Oct 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 10, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Bleulandweg 10, 2803 HH Gouda, The Netherlands.

Minimal incision breast reduction techniques resulting in periareolar scars are widely used. However, this technique is less suitable for patients with large areola diameters and relatively small breasts, requiring a modest reduction or lift only. As a result of the large nipple-areola complex larger amounts of skin must be removed in order to resect the complete peripheral areola, increasing the risk of high-riding nipples, breast flattening and incomplete areola resection resulting in a rest on the vertical scar. Read More