Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Oncol Res Treat 2020 Jun 22:1-8. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China.

Background: We aimed to assess patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome in breast cancer patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate breast reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: The study population comprised 215 patients with histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a diagnosis of breast cancer, a tumor of any size, any stage of nodal metastasis, and a tumor margin >2. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Jun 16;56(6). Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

The reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is the last step in the breast reconstruction process. Several techniques have been described over the years. The aim of this review is to provide clarity on the currently available reconstructive options. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020 Jul 30;55:305-307. Epub 2020 May 30.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.

Introduction: Reconstruction of the nipple areola complex (NAC) is the final and easier step of breast reconstruction. However, surgeons, especially if trainees, typically have not developed tattoo skills during their training. The aim of this report is to share advice developed in our clinical practice that would minimize patient complaints and complications while performing NAC tattoos. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Jun;48(6):300060520920463

Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Gestational gigantomastia (GGM) is a rare complication of pregnancy. The etiology of GGM is yet to be fully established. Treatment methods for GGM include medical therapy and surgery. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Background: Double incision mastectomy with free nipple grafts (DIFNG) offers more flexible nipple-areola complex (NAC) resizing and repositioning in transmale and gender non-conforming individuals. The cis-male NAC has a smaller diameter, oval shape and lateral position. If nipple grafts are performed without having these considerations, aesthetics can be dissatisfying. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e19991

Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.

To analyze patient satisfaction and the predictive factors characterizing three types of one-stage immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy, including prosthesis, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF), transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap techniques.Data were collected via face-to-face or telephone interviews from eight breast centers in China from January 2012 to December 2016. A standardized questionnaire that evaluated the general satisfaction and aesthetic satisfaction was sent to patients who had undergone IBR. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 22;71:280-284. Epub 2020 May 22.

General Surgery Resident, Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan.

Introduction: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial breast tumors, accounting for less than 1% of all breast tumors. Most Phyllodes tumors are benign. However, about 10% are malignant. Read More

Br J Surg 2020 May 20. Epub 2020 May 20.

Breast Service, Department of Surgery, New York, USA.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is being performed increasingly for risk reduction in high-risk groups. There are limited data regarding complications and oncological outcomes in women undergoing bilateral prophylactic NSM. This study reviewed institutional experience with prophylactic NSM, and examined the indications, rates of postoperative complications, incidence of occult malignant disease and subsequent breast cancer diagnosis. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2020 May;8(9):1674-1678

Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Background: High-riding nipple is one of the common complications after mastopexty and breast reconstruction. However, to date, a limited number of techniques have concentrated on how to lower the high-riding nipple with enlarged areola.

Case Summary: This is a case report describing a combination of surgical techniques to decrease high-riding nipple. Read More

J Breast Cancer 2020 Apr 17;23(2):224-229. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.

We report a case of recurrence as Paget's disease at the core needle biopsy (CNB) entry site in a patient with microinvasive ductal carcinoma who underwent nipple-areola-skin sparing mastectomy (NASSM) and autologous reconstruction. Clinically diagnosed recurrences associated with previous needle procedures for malignant breast lesions are rare and usually occur in patients who have not received radiation therapy. The present case involved local recurrence at the skin puncture site of a patient diagnosed based on CNB findings who underwent NASSM without receiving radiation therapy. Read More

Chin Med Sci J 2020 Mar;35(1):92-94

Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China.

Necrosis of nipple-areola complex is one of the major complications of breast reduction in gigatomastia. We present a case study of a 32-year-old patient with severe gigantomastia, who required an immediate nipple reconstruction during breast reduction. The final reconstruction was satisfactory. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2020 Apr 7;52(2):75-82. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Hamburg Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie.

The reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is an aesthetically and psychosocial important final step in breast reconstruction. While numerous publications examine the long-term results using various techniques to reconstruct the nipple, to our knowledge there have been few studies on the long-term results after areolar reconstruction. The study therefore examines the long-term results after areola reconstruction in women with autologous breast reconstruction. Read More

Ann Surg 2020 Mar 20. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes and risk factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and nipple-areola complex recurrence (NR) in a large series of breast cancer patients who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Summary Of Background Data: The use of NSM and immediate reconstruction in breast cancer patients receiving NACT is increasing. However, the oncologic safety of this approach is unclear. Read More

Indian J Surg Oncol 2020 Mar 7;11(1):28-34. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

2Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.

Breast anthropometry plays an important role in surgical decision-making in the era of breast conservation therapy, oncoplasty and reconstruction. Majority of the currently available breast anthropometry data is from Western countries, and there is a need to evaluate anthropometric data among Indian women to tailor our surgical decision-making and achieve optimum surgical results. Two hundred and thirty-one breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study, and different anthropometric parameters were evaluated to assess and describe the nipple-areola complex, breast shape, size, volume and ptosis. Read More

JPRAS Open 2020 Mar 5;23:19-25. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford Health Care, 770 Welch Road, Suite 400, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.

Background: Breast reconstruction improves the psychological well-being of patients with breast cancer. Patients who complete nipple-areolar reconstruction are even more satisfied with their final reconstructive result. Nipple flattening is a common complication. Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2020 Feb 31;98(2):57-61. Epub 2020 Jan 31.

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has become increasingly popular due to improved cosmesis without compromising oncologic safety. Radial and inframammary incisions are usually used to achieve NSM, with periareolar incisions usually being avoided because of the risk to nipple-areola complex viability. In an attempt to maximize esthetic effects, we performed NSM through periareolar incision with immediate reconstruction. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020 Mar 18;73(3):469-485. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care (ELIZA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

Background: Surgeons remain reluctant to perform nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in large breasts due to a higher risk of necrosis. We performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate indications, techniques, and outcomes in immediate or delayed breast reconstructions in large and/or ptotic breasts.

Methods: The following search terms were used for both titles and key words: [NSM AND ("breast ptosis" OR "ptotic breast" OR "large breast" OR "breast hypertrophy" OR "gigantomastia")]. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Jul 25;7(7):e2289. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

Department of Breast Surgery, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with simultaneous prepectoral direct to implant reconstruction and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is increasingly offered to patients opting for prophylactic or therapeutic mastectomies. The recent introduction of prepectoral implant/ADM in the armamentarium of breast reconstruction has proven to reduce pain and animation deformity. Despite this promising method, patients with macromastia and ptotic breasts remain a challenging group to treat. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Nov 27;7(11):e2558. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

the United States House of Representatives, Florida - 20th Congressional District.

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Nov 27;7(11):e2473. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Mastopexy is one of the most performed cosmetic surgery procedures in the United States. Despite the numerous mastopexy techniques that were published in the past decades, preventing pseudoptosis to ensure longer lasting results remains the principal challenge.

Objectives: This paper describes a new mastopexy technique developed for moderate to severe ptosis/pseudoptosis associated with upper pole deflation. Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2020 May 7;27(5):1627-1635. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has become increasingly prevalent for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) requiring mastectomy. However, few data regarding recurrence outcomes after NSM are available for this patient population. This study evaluated the locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate for patients with pure DCIS who underwent NSM followed by immediate breast reconstruction without adjuvant radiotherapy and investigated potential risk factors for LRR and/or nipple-areola complex recurrence (NR). Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 01;145(1):38-42

Phoenix, Ariz.; Cleveland, Ohio; and Davis, Calif. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona; the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center; and the University of California, Davis.

Medical tattooing is a critical reconstructive component in women following mastectomy. Recently, novel three-dimensional tattooing techniques mimicking depth by using light and shadow principles have allowed for aesthetically superior results. However, results are variable between providers, and professionals skilled in tattooing are often inaccessible to patients. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020 Apr 27;73(4):696-702. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Nursing, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.

Background: Total breast reconstruction involves a long process consisting of mastectomy, breast reconstruction, and adjuvant therapy. For various reasons, some patients refuse the final step of nipple-areola reconstruction. Some patients have potential risk factors for poor outcome after undergoing conventional techniques. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 Jul;85(1):18-23

From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Background: Nipple-areola preservation positively impacts quality of life of the patients and helps them to achieve a better psychological and sexual well-being, as well as higher satisfaction with their reconstruction. Patients with large or ptotic breasts, however, represent a technical challenge to surgeons, and nipple-areola preservation may be deferred in this clinical scenario. The aim of this study is to report our experience in patients with large or ptotic breasts who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction with immediate mastopexy. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 04;84(4):366-374

Department of Breast Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy.

Background: Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy (NSM) represents, when a mastectomy is unavoidable, the best treatment possible that can be offered to attenuate the negative impact of surgery on patients' quality of life. Unfortunately, NSM can be used only in selected patients with small and nonptotic breasts. In order to save the nipple-areola complex (NAC) also in patients with large and ptotic breast, otherwise subjected to a skin-sparing mastectomy with the sacrifice of the NAC, we described the bipedicled nipple-sparing mastectomy (BNSM). Read More

Clin Anat 2019 Dec 14. Epub 2019 Dec 14.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Introduction: Better sensation in the reconstructed breast improves the quality of life. Sensory nerve coaptation is a valuable addition to autologous breast reconstruction. There are few publications concerning the sensory nerves of the breast and the nipple-areola complex and reports are contradictory, so it is unknown which nerve is best suited as a recipient for coaptation. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2019 Aug 28;2019(8):omz079. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Gland Surg 2019 Oct;8(5):527-536

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Background: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy has gained great popularity in the treatment of breast cancer over the past years. However, radiation therapy can lead to many unfavourable aesthetic outcomes including significant volume/skin deficiency, nipple areola complex distortion and skin contraction. We present our experience in using pedicled perforator flaps to tackle the resultant partial breast defects or deformities. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 04 13;44(2):308-314. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

TLKM Plastic Surgery, Private Practice, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: With advancements in materials engineering, many plastic surgeons have looked to allogeneic tissue and alloplastic materials as a possible source of structure for long-lasting nipple-areola complex reconstruction. Furthermore, in light of the recent mandate from the Food and Drug Administration restricting the marketing and direct indication of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) in breast reconstruction, we sought to highlight the overall safety and efficacy demonstrated in the existing literature surrounding all alloplastic materials in nipple-areola complex reconstruction. In this study, the authors conduct a systematic review and pooled outcomes analysis on allogenic and alloplastic implant materials utilized to achieve long-lasting nipple projection stratified by specific material used and respective outcomes. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 03;84(3):300-306

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.

Background: Skin necrosis after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) breast reconstruction impacts cosmesis and patient satisfaction. Skin grafting might mitigate these sequelae, but oftentimes creates a color and texture mismatch with native breast skin. In contrast, abdominal skin on the DIEP flap is an excellent match and can be banked. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2019 Sep 28. Epub 2019 Sep 28.

Department of Radiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Otwock, Poland.

Background: Little is known about breast cancer survivors' perception of breast attractiveness. A better understanding of this subjective concept could contribute to the improvement of patient-reported outcomes after reconstructive surgeries and facilitate the development of new methods for assessing breast reconstruction outcomes.

Objectives: The aim of this eye-tracking (ET)-based study was to verify whether mastectomy altered women's visual perception of breast aesthetics and symmetry. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020 Feb 20;102(2):115-119. Epub 2019 Sep 20.

Breast Surgery Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Background: Surgical management of breast cancer with gigantomastia can be challenging when planning breast conservation, as major breast reduction is required. Complex oncoplastic procedures can carry an additional surgical risk in this situation. We suggest batwing mammoplasty as a simple and safe oncoplastic procedure for those patients. Read More

JAMA Surg 2019 11;154(11):1030-1037

Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Importance: The main concern associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the risk of local breast cancer recurrence at the retained nipple-areola complex (NAC) consequent to occult nipple involvement. Long-term follow-up data regarding the oncologic safety of modern therapeutic NSM in terms of cancer recurrence at the NAC and survival are limited.

Objective: To assess the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and long-term outcomes associated with cancer recurrence at the NAC in a large series of patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent NSM and immediate breast reconstruction. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 09;144(3):528e-530e

Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, N.Y.

Strahlenther Onkol 2019 Nov 26;195(11):949-963. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.

Background: Skin-sparing (SSME) and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSME) were developed to improve the cosmetic results for breast cancer (BC) patients, both allowing for immediate breast reconstruction. Recommendations for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) are primarily derived from trials where patients were treated by standard mastectomies. Due to their more conservative character, SSME and especially NSME potentially leave more glandular tissue at risk for subclinical disease. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 May 21;7(5):e2262. Epub 2019 May 21.

Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark.

Background: Restoring the nipple-areola complex completes the breast reconstructive process. Local flaps are often used for the nipple reconstruction; however, the number of techniques indicates the lack of a superior design. The aims of this study were to test the feasibility of a new triple flap design for nipple reconstruction and to evaluate complication rate and nipple projection. Read More

Breast J 2019 11 18;25(6):1214-1221. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.

Surgical techniques for reconstructing the nipple-areola complex (NAC) pose disadvantages such as areola necrosis, loss of nipple projection, depression or local necrosis, temporary leave from professional activities due to convalescence, and operational costs, all of which are factors that may discourage patients from undergoing them. In this context, dermopigmentation stands out as an emerging nonsurgical option. It is an inexpensive outpatient procedure that mimics the nipple-areola complex by means of defining the areolar contour, Montgomery's tubercles, and a variety of colors that allow for individualization and contralateral symmetry. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Jul;33(7):907-911

Department of Body Contouring and Liposuction Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144,

Objective: To review the research on distribution of the nerve and blood supply of breast, and the development of breast reduction in recent years.

Methods: The related literatures about the distribution of the nerve and blood supply of breast, the development of breast reduction, and postoperative lactation function in recent years were reviewed extensively. The above aspects were analyzed and summarized in combination with the author's experiences. Read More

Breast Cancer 2019 Nov 8;26(6):808-816. Epub 2019 Jun 8.

Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly used in breast cancer patients, as it offers better cosmetic outcomes and improves quality of life. Nipple-areola complex (NAC) involvement must be accurately determined to identify which patients may be candidates for NSM. We aimed to identify the predictors of NAC involvement and develop a clinical predictive model to determine the patients for whom NAC preservation may be considered. Read More

Breast J 2019 07 11;25(4):590-596. Epub 2019 May 11.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Introduction: Massive weight loss is associated with the ptosis of the breast, loss of the upper pole fullness, medialization of the nipples and volume depletion. Post bariatric patients often need breast reshaping with mastopexy or breast reduction. We report the author's experience with the medial central septum based mammoplasty for breast reshaping after massive weight loss. Read More

BMC Surg 2019 Apr 24;18(Suppl 1):21. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Department of Senology, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia Urbino, Asur marche Area Vasta 1, Urbino, Italy.

Background: The combination of breast conserving surgery (BCS) with plastic surgery techniques has provided a useful surgical tool matching the radicality of the oncological excision with the preservation of breast cosmesis. Even though BCS represents a good option for surgical treatment of tumors located in these quadrants, wide excisions often necessitate breast reshaping in order to avoid nipple areola complex (NAC) displacement and skin retraction. We present a new surgical technique to repair upper-outer quadrants' defects following breast cancer excision using dermo-glandular flaps and an axillary adipo-fascial flap. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019 Jul 12;72(7):1067-1074. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Plastic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Bartolomeu de Gusmão 200 Ap 201B, 04111 020 São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Breast reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap associated with a breast implant is a well-established procedure. However, there are few published articles regarding latissimus association with expanders and radiotherapy. This study assess data of breast reconstructions using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap associated with Becker expander implant (TLDMF/E) in patients submitted to radiotherapy. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Apr;143(4):688e-697e

Washington, D.C. From the Department of Plastic Surgery and the Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital.

Background: Staged nipple-sparing mastectomy following mastopexy or reduction mammaplasty was first described in 2011 by Spear et al. to expand the indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy to women with large or ptotic breasts. Since that time, the authors have revised their treatment algorithm and technique to enhance oncologic safety and improve wound healing complications. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 06;143(6):1309e-1310e

Depertment of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence Italy.

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 06;143(6):1310e-1311e

Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, N.Y.

Breast Cancer 2019 Sep 19;26(5):618-627. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with breast reconstruction helps to optimize the contour of the breast after mastectomy. However, the indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy are still controversial. Local radiation to the nipple-areola complex may play some roles in improving the oncological safety of this procedure. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2019 06;82(6):614-617

From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Background: No single technique for nipple areola reconstruction best fits every patient and clinical scenario. Many techniques fail to provide long-term projection. One especially challenging cohort are those patients who have undergone bilateral implant-based reconstruction. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2019 ;90:1-2

Aim of this paper is to allows to analyze a topic of great relevance and media interest such as the role of prophylactic mastectomy in healthy women with BRCA mutation proposing to the surgeons some useful informations for decision-making. Less than 15% of all breast cancers are associated with germline genetic mutations. The majority of hereditary breast tumors are due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that are responsible for only one third of hereditary cases. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2019 Aug 14;45(8):1373-1377. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Surgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00199, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is considered an oncologically sound procedure but necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) or skin flaps is a concern, particularly in the presence of risk factors. To increase the indications for NSM and decrease such complications, different procedures of "surgical delay" (SD) have been described.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent SD for NSM at four Italian Breast Centers from 2014 to 2017 was performed. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 03;143(3):698-699

London, United Kingdom From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guys & St Thomas' Hospital.

Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is the culmination of a long road for patients who have suffered breast cancer. The postoperative dressing of the reconstructive nipple must protect it from mechanical forces, trauma, and infection. A broad array of dressings has been used for the reconstructed nipple. Read More