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Front Oncol 2022 9;12:875793. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Background: Primary osteosarcoma of the breast (POB) is an extremely aggressive and heterogeneous neoplasm that originates from nonepithelial elements of the mammary gland and accounts for fewer than 1% of breast cancers and fewer than 5% of all sarcomas.

Case Presentation: An 83-year-old Chinese woman went to our hospital because of a palpable mass she had had for 8 months in the left breast accompanied by persistent dull pain for 10 days. This mass was initially misdiagnosed as a degenerating fibroadenoma and was graded as probably benign (BI-RADS category 3) by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) plain scan and contrast enhancement of chest. Read More

Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022 Mar 1;32(1):142-144. Epub 2022 May 1.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.

When faced with eczematous lesions involving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), Paget's disease is assumed to be the diagnosis, anything else being considered a "Zebra" necessitating its exclusion on pathology. A middle-aged lady presented with synchronous asymmetrical ulceration of bilateral NAC with pleomorphic calcifications on mammography and simultaneous extensive vascular calcification in bilateral breasts that suggested systemic cause. Calciphylaxis is a rare diagnosis occurring usually due to underlying end-stage renal disease or hyperparathyroidism. Read More

Am Surg 2022 Jun 8:31348221087918. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Surgery, 5223Atrium Health Navicent, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.

Mucocele-like lesions of the breast (MLL) are believed to be due to mucinous ducts extruding their contents into the surrounding stroma. MLLs are a rare entity usually identified by calcifications noted on routine screening mammography. Surgical excision has been recommended due to the propensity for these lesions to harbor atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or malignancy. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) for reducing the biopsy rate of screening recalls.

Methods: Recalled women were prospectively enrolled to undergo CEM alongside standard assessment (SA) through additional views, tomosynthesis, and/or ultrasound. Exclusion criteria were symptoms, implants, allergy to contrast agents, renal failure, and pregnancy. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 20;14(4):e24318. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, North Midlands, GBR.

Aim To analyze the histopathological outcome of stereotactic biopsies of newly developed suspicious calcifications at lumpectomy scar site in patients with breast conservation surgery (BCS) to determine the incidence of malignancy and the association of mammographic appearance of recurrent microcalcification and their distribution. We also determined the association of disease recurrence with the presence of calcifications in original tumor and lumpectomy resection margins with the risk of recurrence. Materials and methods This study is a retrospective review of mammograms of patients with breast cancer from 2010 to 2021 who underwent stereotactic biopsy of newly developed suspicious calcifications at scar site appreciated on annual follow-up mammogram after breast conservation surgery (BCS) with no mass on correlative ultrasound. Read More

Comput Biol Med 2022 Jul 8;146:105504. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Medical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Amorphous calcifications noted on mammograms (i.e., small and indistinct calcifications that are difficult to characterize) are associated with high diagnostic uncertainty, often leading to biopsies. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022 May;12(5):2672-2683

Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

Background: Pure grouped amorphous calcifications are classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4B suspicious calcifications and recommended for biopsy. However, the biopsies often reveal benign findings, especially in screening mammograms (92.4-97. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Mar 22;12(4). Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Background: A fair amount of microcalcifications sent for biopsy are false positives. The study investigates whether quantitative radiomic features extracted from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can be an additional and useful tool to discriminate between benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 microcalcification.

Methods: This retrospective study included 252 female patients with BI-RADS category 4 microcalcifications. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 Jun 9;17(6):2043-2046. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33174, USA.

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple is a very rare benign tumor, with radiographic and clinical characteristics that are difficult to differentiate from malignant tumors. Less than 60 cases have been identified thus far and most studies have not included radiographic findings. As such, the neoplasm requires more characterization within the literature. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2022 05 28;19(5):604-614. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Peer Learning Lead Long Island Division Breast Imaging NYU, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.

Purpose: Data on utilization rate and cancer yield of BI-RADS® category 3 in routine clinical practice in diagnostic mammography are sparse. The aim of this study was to determine utilization rate and cancer yield of BI-RADS 3 in diagnostic mammography in the ACR National Mammography Database (NMD).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of NMD mammograms from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2018, was performed. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jul 28;32(7):4909-4918. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiologic Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.

Objectives: To investigate the malignancy rate of probably benign calcifications assessed by digital magnification view and imaging and clinical features associated with malignancy.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive women with digital magnification views assessed as probably benign for calcifications without other associated mammographic findings from March 2009 to January 2014. Initial studies rendering a probably benign assessment were analyzed, with biopsy or 4-year imaging follow-up. Read More

Breast Cancer 2022 Jul 26;29(4):677-687. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47, Wakinohama, Chuo, Kobe, 651-0072, Japan.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performances of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) and breast MRI in evaluations of breast cancer, with a focus on the impact of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) levels.

Methods: The present study included women who underwent CEDM and breast MRI to evaluate the disease extent of breast cancer between January 2018 and December 2019. Readers judged BPE levels (minimal-mild or moderate-marked) on CEDM, and were asked to assign findings suggesting malignancy using the following criteria: (1) enhancement other than BPE and (2) BI-RADS 4/5 calcifications without enhancement. Read More

J Investig Med 2022 06 21;70(5):1308-1315. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Department of Radiology, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Recent evidence has linked certain mammographic characteristics, including breast calcifications (Bcs) and mammographic density (MD), with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women, but data are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD and/or Bcs with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age. Through hospital electronic records, we retrospectively identified mammograms of non-pregnant women aged ≥40 years and without breast cancer and retrieved reports and relevant data. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2022 Feb 4;147:110148. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Kocamustafapasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:

Purpose: The aim of this study wasto investigate whole-breast imaging findings (mammography, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),clinical, and histopathological findings of primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast (NEC) and neuroendocrine differentiated breast cancers (NEBC).

Methods: Patients withadiagnosis of breast cancer with histopathological neuroendocrine features between the years 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively screened.The lesions were divided into two main groups depending on staining with neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin A). Read More

Clin Radiol 2022 03 29;77(3):216-223. Epub 2021 Dec 29.

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, D07 Y7C6, Ireland.

Aim: To analyse stereotactic biopsies of microcalcifications in patients with previous ipsilateral breast-conserving surgery (BCS) to identify the positivity rate, assess for an association between the patient's primary cancer or mammographic appearances of the microcalcifications, and the risk of recurrence.

Materials And Methods: Relevant patients from 2018-2020 were identified via a retrospective review of the prospectively maintained radiological procedure database. Clinicopathological features of the patients' primary tumour and new calcifications were obtained from the hospital electronic patient record system and the national integrated medical imaging system. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Dec 8;22:e933999. Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

BACKGROUND The increasing popularity and availability of herbal supplements among patients necessitates a better understanding of their mechanism of action and the effects they have on the body, both intended and unintended. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is an herbaceous shrub found throughout the world that has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. CASE REPORT A 30-year-old woman with obesity and GERD presented to a primary care clinic with new-onset galactorrhea. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022 05 24;218(5):797-808. Epub 2021 Nov 24.

Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, Rm 711, New York, NY 10065.

Contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) has been shown to outperform standard mammography while performing comparably to contrast-enhanced MRI. The purpose of our study was to compare imaging characteristics of false-positive and true-positive findings on CEDM. This retrospective study included women who underwent baseline screening CEDM between January 2013 and December 2018 assessed as BI-RADS category 0, 3, 4, or 5 and who underwent biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis or had a 2-year imaging follow-up. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Dec 29;22(6):1387. Epub 2021 Sep 29.

Department of Endocrinology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare autosomal dominant serine/threonine kinase 11 ()/ liver kinase B1 () gene-related genodermatosis, is characterized by oral hyperpigmentation (OHP); multiple gastro-intestinal mucosal benign hamartomatous polyps causing local bleeding, occlusion, intussusception, post-resection small bowel syndrome, associated increased risk of small intestinal cancer (incidence during the third decade); and 76% cumulative higher risk than the global population of developing non-gastrointestinal tumors (female predominance) including ovarian/testicular neoplasia, pancreatic and gynecologic (breast, uterus, ovarian) cancers. Suggestive PJS-associated OHP requires STK11 genetic testing. Abdominal pain in an OHP patient may be related to PJS-associated polyps. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022 03 22;218(3):435-443. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 160 E 34th St, New York, NY 10016.

Breast screening ultrasound (US) has limited specificity but is increasingly performed because of widening state and federal legislation regarding breast density. There is a need for evidence-based management guidelines. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of new or enlarging oval circumscribed parallel masses in the setting of multiple bilateral circumscribed masses (MBCM) at sequential rounds of US screening. Read More

PLoS One 2021 26;16(8):e0256500. Epub 2021 Aug 26.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

The real cause of breast cancer is very challenging to determine and therefore early detection of the disease is necessary for reducing the death rate due to risks of breast cancer. Early detection of cancer boosts increasing the survival chance up to 8%. Primarily, breast images emanating from mammograms, X-Rays or MRI are analyzed by radiologists to detect abnormalities. Read More

Breast J 2021 10 6;27(10):761-767. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to analyze the time to development, malignancy rate, location, and mammographic features of new calcifications in the treated breast after breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

Materials And Methods: In this HIPAA-complaint, IRB-approved retrospective study, we reviewed the records of patients treated with BCT at our institution with breast-conserving surgery performed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010. A total of 735 breasts in 732 women were included in our study cohort. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Feb 3;32(2):815-821. Epub 2021 Aug 3.

Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, 06273, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: To investigate the added diagnostic value of abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for suspicious microcalcifications on screening mammography.

Methods: This prospective study included 80 patients with suspicious calcifications on screening mammography who underwent abbreviated MRI before undergoing breast biopsy between August 2017 and September 2020. The abbreviated protocol included one pre-contrast and the first post-contrast T1-weighted series. Read More

Diagn Interv Imaging 2021 Nov 24;102(11):669-674. Epub 2021 Jul 24.

Unité Fonctionnelle d'Imagerie Cardiovasculaire Non Invasive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.

Purpose: The 2020 edition of these Data Challenges was organized by the French Society of Radiology (SFR), from September 28 to September 30, 2020. The goals were to propose innovative artificial intelligence solutions for the current relevant problems in radiology and to build a large database of multimodal medical images of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) on these subjects from several French radiology centers.

Materials And Methods: This year the attempt was to create data challenge objectives in line with the clinical routine of radiologists, with less preprocessing of data and annotation, leaving a large part of the preprocessing task to the participating teams. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021 Jul;11(7):3005-3017

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Biopsy has been recommended for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4 lesions. However, the malignancy rate of category 4A lesions is very low (2-10%). Therefore, most biopsies of category 4A lesions are benign, and the results will generally cause additional health care costs and patient anxiety. Read More

Breast 2021 Oct 26;59:135-143. Epub 2021 Jun 26.

Department of Radiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objective: This study assessed the short-term and the long-term breast cancer rate in patients with benign histopathologic results after a vacuum-assisted stereotactic biopsy (VASB) for calcifications.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, all consecutive patients who had a benign diagnosis after VASB to analyze breast calcifications. Data of breast cancer development at short-term (four years) and long-term follow-up was gathered. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2021 16;11:34. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Department of Breast Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States.

Ductal carcinoma (DCIS) is a commonly encountered malignancy, accounting for approximately 20% of new breast cancer diagnoses in the United States. DCIS is characterized by a proliferation of tumor cells within the terminal duct lobular unit with preservation of the basement membrane. Typically nonpalpable and asymptomatic, DCIS is most often detected as calcifications on screening mammography. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jan 22;32(1):621-629. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.

Objectives: To evaluate the mammographic features in women with benign breast disease (BBD) and the risk of subsequent breast cancer according to their mammographic findings.

Methods: We analyzed data from a Spanish cohort of women screened from 1995 to 2015 and followed up until December 2017 (median follow-up, 5.9 years). Read More

Lab Invest 2021 09 11;101(9):1267-1280. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Microcalcifications are early markers of breast cancer and can provide valuable prognostic information to support clinical decision-making. Current detection of calcifications in breast tissue is based on X-ray mammography, which involves the use of ionizing radiation with potentially detrimental effects, or MRI scans, which have limited spatial resolution. Additionally, these techniques are not capable of discriminating between microcalcifications from benign and malignant lesions. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2021 Aug 5;141:109753. Epub 2021 May 5.

Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:

Purpose: To compare the distribution of mammographic features among women recalled for further assessment after screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus digital mammography (DM), and to assess associations between features and final outcome of the screening, including immunohistochemical subtypes of the tumour.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in Bergen, Norway, and included 28,749 women, of which 1015 were recalled due to mammographic findings. Mammographic features were classified according to a modified BI-RADS-scale. Read More

J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021 May 13;8(3):033501. Epub 2021 May 13.

Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.

: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated impressive success in various image classification tasks. We investigated the use of CNNs to distinguish between benign and malignant microcalcifications, using either conventional or dual-energy mammography x-ray images. The two kinds of calcifications, known as type-I (calcium oxalate crystals) and type-II (calcium phosphate aggregations), have different attenuation properties in the mammographic energy range. Read More