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J Cancer Res Ther 2018 Oct-Dec;14(6):1437-1438

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.

Etiologies of lateral cervical masses are complex, most commonly these masses are branchial cleft cysts; however, metastatic thyroid carcinoma should be included in the differential. We report a case of lateral cystic neck mass in a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed as metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed after she underwent surgery for branchial cleft cyst. Read More

Radiol Med 2018 Nov 12. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess CT and MR imaging findings of infection-free and benign second branchial cleft cysts (SBCCs).

Methods: Eleven patients with histopathologically confirmed infection-free and benign SBCCs underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and/or MR imaging. We assessed qualitative (presence and extent of wall thickening, degree of contrast enhancement of the thickened wall on CECT images, and signal intensity of the thickened wall on T2-weighted images) and quantitative (maximum thickness of the thickened wall) imaging findings. Read More

J Ultrason 2018 ;18(73):96-102

Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Aim: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the sonographic appearance of neck tumors and determining the features useful in differential diagnosis.

Material And Method: The studied group consisted of 57 patients: 16 patients with carotid body tumors, 9 patients with neurogenic tumors, 8 patients with venous anomalies, 12 patients with neck cysts, 6 patients with lipomas, 5 patients with extracranial carotid artery aneurysms and 1 with a laryngocele.

Results: All carotid paragangliomas were located within the carotid bifurcation and demonstrated rich low-resistance vascular flow, with higher maximum velocity and lower flow resistance parameters registered in the ipsilateral external carotid artery. Read More

J Clin Ultrasound 2018 Nov 4;46(9):582-584. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft anomaly are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. This is a case report of the coexistence of these two rare congenital anomalies in a 1-year-old girl. She had ectopic lingual thyroid and asymptomatic abscess in the fourth branchial cleft cyst, which was found in ultrasonography carried out to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism. Read More

J Insur Med 2018 Jan;47(3):191-193

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 9;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Medical Imaging Research Center, Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Here we report a rare case of primary hydatid cyst with involvement of soft tissue of the neck in a child. A 4-year-old girl presented with gradual swelling of the right side of her neck over a period of several months. The lump was fairly soft and painless with no significant inflammation. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018 21;2018:1696875. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.

Pyriform sinus fistula (PSF) is an anomaly that can arise due to failure of involution of the third or fourth branchial cleft during embryogenesis. It can manifest clinically as sinuses, cysts, or abscesses in the neck and is common in childhood. Herein, we describe a neonate who presented with neck swelling and respiratory distress, which was secondary to a fourth branchial pouch sinus. Read More

Oncol Lett 2018 Aug 30;16(2):1571-1578. Epub 2018 May 30.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been reported to be present in branchial cleft cysts, but further information is required to clarify the role of HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts. The presence of HPV, the viral load and the physical statuses in samples from six patients with branchial cleft cysts were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, hybridization (ISH) using HPV DNA probes and p16 immunohistochemical analysis. High-risk type HPV-16 DNA was identified in four of the six branchial cleft cysts analyzed. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jul;97(28):e11459

Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.

Rationale: Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is a very rare soft tissue neoplasm that commonly occurs in the lower neck of adult men.

Patient Concerns: A 32-year-old male presented 1-year history of the tumor lying in left supraclavicular fossa.

Diagnoses: Initial consideration of ultrasound and computed tomography was lipoma. Read More

Radiographics 2018 Jul-Aug;38(4):1239-1263

From the Department of Radiology, Kravis Children's Hospital at the Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029.

Superficial palpable masses of the head and neck are common in the pediatric population, with the vast majority of the lesions ultimately proven to be benign. Duplex ultrasonography (US) has emerged as the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of superficial pediatric masses. Without utilizing radiation, iodinated contrast material, or sedation and/or anesthesia, US provides a means for quick and cost-effective acquisition of information, including the location, size, shape, internal content, and vascularity of the mass. Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018 Sep 12;46(9):1664-1668. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, (Head of Department: Prof. Dr. Petra Ambrosch), Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.

Preoperative discrimination of solitary cervical branchial cleft cysts from cystic lymph node metastasis often is challenging. Surgical excision of the cystic formation and consecutive histopathological examination of tissue specimens are the only means resulting in the correct diagnosis. However, in case of malignancies surgery on the lateral neck prior to the definitive treatment is considered to negatively influence the patients' outcome. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2018 May;68(5):797-800

Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Cervical thymus cyst is a rare entity and resembles lymphangioma or branchial cleft cyst therefore, presents as a diagnostic challenge. It has a slight male predominance and presents on the left side of the neck in up to 70% of cases. It is a painless mass that progressively increases. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Aug;31(16):1298-1299

We describe a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with sore throat for two days, while neck swelling for one day, and was found to have a fistula in his left tonsil and an abscess in his left lateral pharyngeal wall with the lower bound to the upper border of the cricoid cartilage by ultrasonography and enhanced CT. The fistula from tonsillar fossa to hypopharynx was detected followed by left tonsillectomy, and then anterior wall of the fistula and mucosa covering it was resected. He was eventually diagnosed with incomplete second branchial fistula with infection, and was followed up for five years with no recurrence. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Sep;31(18):1444-1445

We report a rare case of first branchial cleft cyst arising from the nasopharynx. A 47-year old woman with a six-month-history of right ear stuffy and hearing loss was studied. Electronic nasopharyngeal examination revealed a mass in the nasopharynx of this case. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Oct 18;57(20):3061-3062. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan.

Acta Otolaryngol 2018 Sep 15;138(9):855-858. Epub 2018 May 15.

b Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.

Background: Distinguishing branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) from cystic metastases of a human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is challenging. Fine needle aspirates (FNAs) from cystic metastasis may be non-representative, while reactive squamous cells from BCC can be atypic. Based on cytology and with the support of HPV DNA positivity many centers treat cystic metastasis oncological and thus patients are spared neck dissection. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 May;53(5):381-384

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital; Head and Neck Disease Treatment Center, Kunming 650228, China.

To discuss the misdiagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula and to better understand this kind of illness. The analysis was based on twenty-eight patients with congenital pyriform sinus fistula aged from 11 months to 14 years, with the median age of 5 years, and who were surgically treated from January 2013 to January 2017 in Kunming Children's Hospital.Twenty patients were misdiagnosed in other hospital. Read More

Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018 May 7;28(2):209-226. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.

Salivary gland diseases in children are uncommon, and the relative incidence of pathologies is different than in adults. This article presents a comprehensive review of congenital and acquired disorders that affect the major salivary glands in the pediatric population, highlighting the imaging findings that are important in defining the appropriate diagnosis or narrowing of the differential diagnosis. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Sep;29(6):e557-e560

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School.

Objective: The objective of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of second branchial cleft anomalies, and to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016.

Results: Among 25 patients with second branchial cleft anomalies, in 23 patients (92. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2017 16;41:383-386. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Introduction: Branchial cleft cysts are benign lesions caused by anomalous development of the branchial cleft. Cases that arise in the lateral neck region are often misdiagnosed, resulting initially in inappropriate management.

Case Presentation: We describe a 32-year-old woman with a swelling on the right side of her neck and no pain during palpation or neck motion. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Feb;53(2):81-85

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng 100050, China.

To summarize the clinical characteristics and therapeutic experiences of the middle ear teratoma in infants. Three cases of middle ear teratoma, from 2012-2015 in Beijing Friendship Hospital were analyzed. The three cases all developed slowly and presented unilateral otorrhea and hearing loss. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2017 19;2017:1807056. Epub 2017 Dec 19.

Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Even though branchial cleft cysts are currently accepted as a congenital anomaly, there is often a long delay until clinical presentation; branchial cleft cysts classically appear in the second to fourth decade of life. Our observation of their occurrence in three pregnant women encouraged us to contemplate a possible hormonal influence.

Methods: Immunohistological analysis was performed for the evaluation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER) in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 16 patients with a diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst, with three of them being pregnant. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Mar 27;275(3):767-773. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Aim: Solitary cystic masses of the lateral neck in an adult patient can pose a diagnostic dilemma. Malignancy must be ruled out since metastases arising from H&N cancers may mimic the presentation of benign cystic masses. Only a small number of studies have investigated the diagnostic management and malignancy rate of clinically benign solitary cervical cystic lesions. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2017 Nov 28;17(1):139. Epub 2017 Nov 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130033, China.

Background: A cervical cystic mass is associated with a number of pathologies that present with similar symptoms. These conditions are difficult to differentiate using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Another dilemma in the differential diagnosis of cervical cystic masses is due to the controversies associated with the existence of branchiogenic carcinoma (BC). Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Oct;52(10):760-765

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 511080, China.

To investigate the relationship between Work Ⅱ type of congenital first branchial cleft anomaly (CFBCA) and facial nerve and discuss surgical strategies. Retrospective analysis of 37 patients with CFBCA who were treated from May 2005 to September 2016. Among 37 cases with CFBCA, 12 males and 25 females; 24 in the left and 13 in the right; the age at diagnosis was from 1 to 76 ( years, with a median age of 20, 24 cases with age of 18 years or less and 13 with age more than 18 years; duration of disease ranged from 1 to 10 years (median of 6 years); 4 cases were recurren after fistula resection. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2018 Apr 19;46(4):331-335. Epub 2017 Oct 19.

Department of Pathology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea.

The majority of cystic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the neck have been shown to be metastatic tumors from tonsillar SCCs associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV). Recent studies have demonstrated cytokeratin (CK)7 involvement in the development of HPV positive SCC, but no report has been issued on its simultaneous expression in primary tonsillar and metastatic tumor with cystic change. We present a case of HPV positive tonsillar SCC of a 42-year-old male that initially manifested as a cystic neck mass expressing CK7, CK19, and p16 in primary and metastatic tumors. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017 Dec 28;38(12):2351-2356. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Otolaryngology (C.-H.K.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Background And Purpose: Branchial cleft cyst is a common congenital lesion of the neck. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ethanol ablation as an alternative treatment to surgery for branchial cleft cyst.

Materials And Methods: Between September 2006 and October 2016, ethanol ablation was performed in 22 patients who refused an operation for a second branchial cleft cyst. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2018 Jun 6;12(2):202-209. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma (EHT) is a rare benign neoplasm of the lower neck suggesting branchial origin. Despite use of the term thymoma in the nomenclature, there is no evidence of thymic origin or differentiation. It affects middle-aged adults with a remarkable male predominance. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2017 Sep 4;12(3):628-631. Epub 2017 Jul 4.

Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 2100 Magome, Iwatsuki, Saitama 339-8551, Japan.

Congenital dermoid fistulas of the anterior chest regions (CDFACRs) consist of a skin orifice at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with fistulas extending caudally in the subcutaneous tissue near the sternoclavicular joint. We report 2 pediatric CDFACR cases with pathognomonic sonography findings. By using sonography, we could diagnose the fistulas as CDFACRs by focusing on their location and direction and could reveal the distal side for complete resection. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Aug;52(8):597-603

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.

To investigate the usefulness and effectiveness of multi-slice spiral computerized tomographic fistulography (MSCTF) in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital fistula of neck. Thirty-four patients with thyroglossal fistulasor branchial cleft fistulas who were initial treated from July 2008 to August 2015 in Fujian Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyses. Thirteen males and 21 females patients aging from 3 to 46 years old with a median age of 37 were included. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 04 3;128(4):998-1001. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

A 15-year-old boy was diagnosed with a cystic parotid mass, which was initially thought to be a first branchial cleft cyst. The mass was treated with antibiotics and fully resolved on examination and imaging. The mass returned, and a superficial parotidectomy was performed to remove the suspected branchial cleft cyst. Read More

Virchows Arch 2017 Sep 20;471(3):393-400. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

Sikl's Department of Pathology, University Hospital Plzen, Medical Faculty in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Edvarda Benese 13, Plzen, 305 99, Czech Republic.

There is a group of lesions in the head and neck region derived from branchial arches and related structures which, when inflamed, are characterized by the formation of cysts lined by squamous or glandular epithelium and surrounded by a heavy inflammatory infiltrate rich in germinal centers. In the thyroid, the main source of various structures which may cause diagnostic dilemma is the ultimobranchial body. To investigate the spectrum of such thyroid lesions, the consultation files were reviewed for thyroid samples containing pathological structures regarded to arise from the ultimobranchial body. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2017 Jul;96(7):243-244

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jun;52(6):470-471

Department of oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.

Cutis 2017 May;99(5):321;327;328

Cleaver Dermatology, Cumming, Georgia, USA.

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 Jun 21;69(2):263-265. Epub 2016 May 21.

ENT Department Face and Neck surgery, Hospital August 20, 1953, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco.

Thyroglossal duct cysts followed by branchial cleft anomalies are the most common congenital neck masses encountered in practice, second branchial cleft cysts and sinuses are the most common type (LaRiviere and Waldhausen in Surg Clin North Am 92(3):583-597, 2012). Although both abnormalities are common individually, but rarely seen associated in same patient as described in our case. Congenitalcervical anomalies are important to consider in the differential of head and neck masses in children and adults. Read More

Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2017 Apr;88(4):439-442

Milner MR. You're the flight surgeon: an unusual case of pharyngitis. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017;26:102. Epub 2017 Feb 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

OTO Open 2017 Apr-Jun;1(2):2473974X17705832. Epub 2017 May 5.

State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Auris Nasus Larynx 2018 Apr 14;45(2):328-331. Epub 2017 Apr 14.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Objective: Cancers found in the resected branchial cleft cyst are rare clinically but usually impose substantive diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians.

Methods: A 31-year-old man presented with a lateral neck mass that was suspected to be an inflammatory branchial cleft cyst. After excision, the pathologic specimen revealed a benign cystic appearance with a focus of undifferentiated carcinoma. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2017 09 5;134(4):281-282. Epub 2017 Apr 5.

Clinique universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpital Nord-Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Faculté de médecine, universités des Alpes, Domaine de la Merci, 38700 La Tronche, France; UGA/UMR/CNRS 5309/Inserm 1209, institut Albert-Bonniot, Rond-Point de la Chantourne, 38706 La Tronche, France.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Mar;29(91):117-120

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Kebangsaan Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .

Introduction: Most metastatic lymph nodes from head and neck malignancy are solid. Cystic nodes are found in 33% - 61% of carcinomas arise from Waldeyer's ring, of which only 1.8% - 8% originate are from the nasopharynx. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2017 Apr;92(4):e69-e70

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Head Neck Pathol 2017 Mar 28;11(1):48-54. Epub 2017 Feb 28.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumors ("Blue Book") will now include a new chapter on tumors and tumor-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes, which was not included in the previous edition. Tumors and tumor-like lesions, including a variety of cysts and metastases, can arise in any component in the neck, including soft tissue, lymph nodes, and developmental remnants. The pathology and clinical features of metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck has changed dramatically in the last several years. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2016 Oct-Dec;11(4):591-594

Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

We report an unusual case of primary hydatid cyst of the mandibular angle without glands involvement, in the left supraclavicular region of the neck with no involvement of any other regions of the body. In July 2012, a 25-yr old woman, from Golestan Province, Northeast Iran was admitted to our ENT Clinic, with one-year history of a progressively increasing swelling, pain and gradually growing mass located in the left side of neck region. The patient was diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FANC) and histopathology examination. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 Jun 15;75(6):1209-1215. Epub 2016 Dec 15.

Professor and Department Head, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea. Electronic address:

Purpose: Although a retroauricular (RA) approach has been proposed for excision of a second brachial cleft cyst (BCC), no studies have performed a direct comparison of the results of the RA approach and those of the conventional transcervical approach. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of the RA approach under direct vision and demonstrate its benefits compared with the conventional transcervical approach for excision of a second BCC.

Patients And Methods: From January 2012 to May 2016, we enrolled 30 consecutive patients with a second BCC who underwent surgical excision as a primary treatment into the present prospective case-control study. Read More

B-ENT 2017;13(1 Suppl 27):57-60

Plunging ranula with prestyloid parapharyngeal space, masticator space, and parotid gland extension.

Introduction: Ranulas develop from mucous extravasation secondary to sublingual gland duct obstruction or trauma. Plunging ranula usually dive into the submandibular space. Read More

Semin Pediatr Surg 2016 Dec 31;25(6):338-346. Epub 2016 Oct 31.

Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208062, New Haven, Connecticut 06510. Electronic address:

Head and neck anatomy is topographically complex and the region is densely populated by vital nerves and vascular and lymphatic structures. Injury to many of these structures is associated with significant morbidity and may even be fatal. A thorough knowledge of regional anatomy is imperative and complications need to be managed in a thoughtful directed manner. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016 Oct;6(5):591-604

Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Neck masses are frequently encountered in pediatric medicine, and can present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinicians involved. There are several means by which neck masses in children can be subdivided, for example by age at presentation, anatomical location including compartments and fascia of the neck, their classical appearance when imaged, or by etiology. When imaging children the clinicians must be mindful of radiation exposure and as such ultrasound (US) is often attempted first. Read More