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CNS Spectr 2019 Apr;24(2):231-232

CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics,University of Milan,Milan,Italy.

CNS Spectr 2019 Apr;24(2):229-230

Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa,Portugal.

J Korean Med Sci 2019 Apr 29;34(16):e126. Epub 2019 Apr 29.

Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.

Background: Malignant melanoma is a cutaneous malignancy with a high mortality rate and high potential for metastases. Detailed information on the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of cutaneous melanoma is currently limited in Korea. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinicopathologic characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma in Korean patients, and to assess which prognostic variables could influence both the development of metastases in primary cutaneous melanoma and overall survival (OS). Read More

Cell Rep 2019 Apr;27(4):1277-1292.e7

Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address:

The brain is a major site of relapse for several cancers, yet deciphering the mechanisms of brain metastasis remains a challenge because of the complexity of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). To define the molecular landscape of brain metastasis from intact tissue in vivo, we employ an RNA-sequencing-based approach, which leverages the transcriptome of xenografts and distinguishes tumor cell and stromal gene expression with improved sensitivity and accuracy. Our data reveal shifts in epithelial and neuronal-like lineage programs in malignant cells as they adapt to the brain TME and the reciprocal neuroinflammatory response of the stroma. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2019 Apr 21;6(2):65-70. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan.

We report a rare autopsy case in which the patient received gastrectomy after an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer, and had deteriorated due to exclusive metastatic cerebellar tumors identified 14 months after surgery. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed as having a 0-IIc-type early gastric cancer on the posterior wall of the upper stomach by gastrointestinal endoscopy in search of a cause of epigastralgia, and thus received proximal gastrectomy and pyloroplasty. Although the tumor was in the early stages and limited within the mucosal layer, adjuvant chemotherapy was started by using S-1 80 mg daily due to evidence of metastasis into lymph node #3 at the lesser curvature. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 23;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of GME, Summa Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive and rare neuroendocrine cutaneous carcinoma with poor prognosis and with increasing morbidity and mortality in cases of distant metastasis. Given the rarity of MCC, optimal treatment is not well established. Treatment usually consists of multidisciplinary management with local excision of the primary tumour. Read More

Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2019 Apr;22(4):228-232

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Background: A number of patients with lung cancer have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. The most common sites for metastases are liver, brain, etc. However pancreatic metastasis is relatively rare, with an insidious onset and poor prognosis. Read More

Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019 Jan;18:1533033819841061

1 Department Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: This article compares the dosimetric differences between jaw tracking and no jaw tracking technique in static intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans of large and small tumors.

Methods: Eight plans with large tumor (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, volume range: 510.9 to 768. Read More

Cureus 2019 Feb 7;11(2):e4031. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA.

Purpose: Radiation treatment patterns in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been well elucidated. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to evaluate trends in the use of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis from NSCLC.

Methods: This NCDB study included patients > 18 years old with metastatic NSCLC treated with single-fraction SRS or WBRT between 2004 and 2014. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2019 Jun 10;14(6):771-774. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Radiology, Taihe hospital, affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.

Calcifying fibrous tumor is a benign fibrous tumor. It rarely occurs in the clivus. The present study describes a case of a 56-year-old female, who was admitted to Taihe Hospital with dizziness not accompanied with headache for 2 months. Read More

JCO Precis Oncol 2019 4;3. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Purpose: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) show high rates of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (IOs). mutations and protein loss have been proposed as causes of resistance to IOs, yet they are enriched in MSI-H CRC. We aimed to characterize -mutant, IO-naive CRC. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2019 May 5;10(5):506-510. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan.

A 66-year-old Japanese male patient was referred to Saitama Medical University International Medical Center for treatment of bladder cancer (clinical stage T2 or higher without metastasis), and underwent radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was high-grade urothelial carcinoma (pathological stage T2bN2, ly1, v0) and 2 cycles of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) were administered. At 15 months after the operation, mediastinal and lung hilar lymph nodes and multiple bone metastases were identified on computed tomography imaging. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019 Apr 20:271678X19843776. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.

Osimertinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) with observed efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Brain exposure and drug distribution in tumor regions are important criteria for evaluation and confirmation of CNS efficacy. The aim of this PET study was therefore to determine brain distribution and exposure of C-labelled osimertinib administered intravenously in subjects with an intact blood-brain barrier. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Checkpoint immunotherapy (CIT) is an emerging and exciting treatment modality in the treatment of cancer. Much excitement exists in the potential of CIT to revolutionize the treatment and prognosis of brain metastases. The combination of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and CIT has been further studied and showed promise over treatment with either modalities alone. Read More

JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2019 Apr;3:1-9

1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Purpose: Although the bulk of patient-generated health data are increasing exponentially, their use is impeded because most data come in unstructured format, namely as free-text clinical reports. A variety of natural language processing (NLP) methods have emerged to automate the processing of free text ranging from statistical to deep learning-based models; however, the optimal approach for medical text analysis remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to provide a head-to-head comparison of novel NLP techniques and inform future studies about their utility for automated medical text analysis. Read More

Oncol Rep 2019 Jun 16;41(6):3347-3354. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China.

Histamine receptor H3 (HRH3) is mainly expressed in the central nervous system, where it is involved in the regulation of the release of various neurotransmitters in the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of HRH3 is upregulated in several types of cancer. However, the functional effect of HRH3 on tumor progression remains largely unknown, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Read More

Acta Oncol 2019 Apr 19:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

b 2nd Department of Pathology, MTA-SE NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.

Background: Predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in lung cancer are intensively investigated; however, correlations between PD-L1/PD-1 expressions and clinical features or histopathological tumor characteristics determined on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections have not extensively been studied.

Material And Methods: We determined PD-L1 expression of tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC), and PD-1 expression of IC by immunohistochemistry in 268 lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) patients, and correlated the data with smoking, COPD, tumor grade, necrosis, lepidic growth pattern, vascular invasion, density of stromal IC, and EGFR/KRAS status of the tumors.

Results: There was a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression of TC and IC, as well as PD-L1 and PD-1 expression of IC. Read More

Oncologist 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Complex brain metastases (BMs), such as large lesions, lesions within or close to eloquent locations, or multiple recurrent/progressive BMs, remain the most challenging forms of brain cancer because of decreased intracranial control rates and poor survival. In the present study, we report the results from a single institutional phase II trial of concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) in patients with complex brain metastases, including assessment of its feasibility and toxicity.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-four patients with histologically proven primary cancer and complex BMs were enrolled between 2010 and 2015. Read More

Klin Onkol 2019 ;32(2):139-142

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Although no randomised trial has demonstrated that intrathecal chemotherapy actually prolongs survival, this treatment is considered standard of care in this setting. The prognosis of patients with LM is poor, with a median overall survival time of less than 6 months. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Mar 11;65(3):460-468. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Radiology and Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (Icesp), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent primary malignant tumor from the central nervous system in adults. However, the presence of systemic metastasis is an extremely rare event. The objective of this study was to review the literature, evaluating the possible biological mechanisms related to the occurrence of systemic metastasis in patients diagnosed with GBM. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Mar 11;65(3):424-433. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Chairman of the Program of Postgraduation in Neurooncology of the Teaching and Research Institute at Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP.

Objective: Extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are rare due to the short survival experienced by the patients. Therefore, the natural history of GBM metastases remains elusive. The identification of clinical factors promoting GBM metastases may help elucidate the mechanisms of tumor cell invasion in the brain. Read More

Cancer Med 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a detrimental complication of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the optimal therapeutic approach for LM patients is in shortage. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of NSCLC patients with LM.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of NSCLC patients with LM at the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between July 2014 and March 2018. Read More

Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.

Background: Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is the major structural protein of caveolae, the flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane mainly involved in cell signaling. Today, cav-1 is believed to play a role in a variety of disease processes including cancer, owing to the variations of its expression in association with tumor progression, invasive behavior, metastasis and therapy resistance. Since first detected in the brain, a number of studies has particularly focused on the role of cav-1 in the various steps of brain tumorigenesis. Read More

BMC Cancer 2019 Apr 16;19(1):360. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.

Background: In clinical practice, the detection of biomarkers is mostly based on primary tumors for its convenience in acquisition. However, immune checkpoints may express differently between primary and metastatic tumor. Therefore, we aimed to compare the differential expressions of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 between the primary and metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Read More

BMC Cancer 2019 Apr 16;19(1):362. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are rarely reported in patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of non-lung origin and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or bronchopulmonary system. However, symptomatic brain metastases are associated with dismal prognosis, so early detection and treatment could be advisable.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with GEP-NEN and bronchopulmonary NEN excluding small cell lung cancer. Read More

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Specialized Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Background:  Most endometrial cancers (75%) are diagnosed in early stages (stages I and II), in which abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequent clinical sign. When the diagnosis is performed in stage IV, the most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, liver and bones. Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is a rare condition. Read More

J Neurosci Methods 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Functional MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of the Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.

Purpose: Preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) is limited by a muted BOLD response caused by abnormal vasoreactivity and resultant neurovascular uncoupling adjacent to malignant brain tumors. We propose to overcome this limitation and more accurately identify eloquent areas adjacent to brain tumors by independently assessing vasoreactivity using breath-holding and incorporating these data into the fMRI analysis.

Methods: Local vasoreactivity using a breath-holding paradigm with the same timing as the functional motor and language tasks was determined in 16 patients (9 glioblastomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma, 5 low grade astrocytomas, and 1 metastasis) and 6 healthy control subjects. Read More

Clin Cancer Res 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Purpose: Lapatinib and capecitabine cross the blood tumor-barrier in breast cancer brain metastasis but have modest clinical efficacy. Administration of high dose tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has been evaluated in brain metastases and primary brain tumors as a strategy to improve drug exposure in the central nervous system (CNS).We derived a rational drug scheduling of intermittent high dose lapatinib alternating with capecitabine-basedon our preclinical data and Norton-Simon mathematical modeling. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 28;9:184. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, University Lille II, Lille, France.

The aim of this study was to assess, in a large series, the efficacy and tolerance of post-operative adjuvant hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (HFSRT) for brain metastases (BMs). Between July 2012 and January 2017, 160 patients from 2 centers were operated for BM and treated by HFSRT. Patients had between 1 and 3 BMs, no brainstem lesions or carcinomatous meningitis. Read More

J Pathol 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Tspan8 exhibits a functional role in many cancer types including pancreatic, colorectal, oesophagus carcinoma and melanoma. We present a first study on the expression and function of Tspan8 in breast cancer. Tspan8 protein was present in the majority of human primary breast cancer lesions and metastases in the brain, bone, lung, and liver. Read More

J Neurooncol 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California - Davis, 4800 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can enhance immune activation and improve disease control through stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. However, patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy are often immunosuppressed, which may impact the efficacy of SRS. Here we investigate the relationship between systemic lymphopenia and response to SRS in patients with brain-metastatic lung cancer. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Purpose: Brain metastases from breast cancer are frequently managed with brain-directed radiation but the impact of subtype on intracranial recurrence patterns after radiation has not been well-described. We investigated intracranial recurrence patterns of brain metastases from breast cancer after brain-directed radiation to facilitate subtype-specific management paradigms.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 349 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases from breast cancer treated with brain-directed radiation at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 2000 and 2015. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Miliary Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China. Electronic address:

FAM64A was found to be markedly up-regulated in tumor samples and associated with worse overall survival in multiple cancer types, including breast cancer. However, the functional significance of FAM64A in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression of FAM64A in multiple public breast cancer datasets. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2019 Apr 11;9(2). Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy.

Most non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are likely to develop brain metastases during the course of their illness. Currently, no consensus on NSCLC patients' treatment with brain metastasis has been established. Although whole brain radiotherapy prolongs the median survival time of approximately 4 months, a cisplatin-pemetrexed combination may also represent a potential option in the treatment of asymptomatic NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 May 19;180:117-121. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9 a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address:

Objectives: Brain metastasis (BM) is a major complication of different cancers. There is increasing evidence for influence of vascular factors on BM in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is not known if the same is true for other tumors that might rely on different forms of vasculogenesis. Read More

Pathol Oncol Res 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.

Among women, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer. Most of the breast cancers represent metastasis to distant organs at the time of diagnosis and accounts for the majority of deaths. Metastasis is characterized by many genetic aberrations including mutations, overexpression of oncogenes etc. Read More

Biochem Biophys Rep 2019 Jul 25;18:100625. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.

Brain metastasis (BM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relatively common and has a poor prognosis. Moreover, identifying which patients are more likely to develop BM is challenging. Akt, a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, can be activated in various tumors, including lung cancer, and may be associated with poor prognosis. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019 Feb 8;5(2):135-138. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Purpose: To report a case of metastatic cutaneous melanoma presenting with choroidal metastasis simulating primary uveal melanoma.

Design: Case report.

Method: Presentation of clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and tumor genetic findings in a patient with cutaneous melanoma with choroidal metastasis. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, PR China. Electronic address:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare. One of its characteristics is a high rate of distant metastasis, and the most common site is the lungs, followed by the brain and liver. Bony metastases account for up to 1. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 26;9:168. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Melanoma brain metastasis with ependymal spread/metastases is uncommon. These cases are frequently classified together with leptomeningeal disease. However, the commonalities and differences in the underlying pathophysiology and clinical outcomes between these two types of spread are not clear. Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019 Apr 10;7(1):55. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.

Melanoma patients carry a high risk of developing brain metastases, and improvements in survival are still measured in weeks or months. Durable disease control within the brain is impeded by poor drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier, as well as intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Augmented mitochondrial respiration is a key resistance mechanism in BRAF-mutant melanomas but, as we show in this study, this dependence on mitochondrial respiration may also be exploited therapeutically. Read More

Gut Liver 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea.

Background/aims: : Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with poor prognosis due to a lack of effective treatment modalities. Recent research showed that a long noncoding RNA named N-BLR modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in colorectal cancer. However, the biological role of N-BLR in gastric cancer still remains to be explored. Read More

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2019 Apr 5;89(1). Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and majority of patients are diagnosed in advanced/metastatic disease stage. Sites of distant metastases mainly include contralateral lung, lymph nodes, brain, bones, adrenal glands and liver; skeletal muscles metastases (SMMs) are less common. Psoas muscle and diaphragm metastases are mainly found during autopsy, as their involvement commonly is asymptomatic. Read More

Epigenet Insights 2019 31;12:2516865719840284. Epub 2019 Mar 31.

Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.

DNA methylation profiling has proven to be a powerful analytical tool, which can accurately identify the tissue of origin of a wide range of benign and malignant neoplasms. Using microarray-based profiling and supervised machine learning algorithms, we and other groups have recently unraveled DNA methylation signatures capable of aiding the histomolecular diagnosis of different tumor types. We have explored the methylomes of metastatic brain tumors from patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and cutaneous melanoma and primary brain neoplasms to build epigenetic classifiers. Read More

ESMO Open 2019 12;4(Suppl 1):e000471. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Oligometastatic disease was proposed by Hellman and Weichselbaum in 1995 as an intermediate tumour state between localised lesions and widespread metastases, characterised by the limited number and size of metastases in specific organs such as lung, liver, bone or even brain. The oligometastatic state has increasingly been recognised as a unique clinical state during which local ablative treatment can be effective in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. However, the role of systemic therapy, such as hormone therapy and chemotherapy, is not yet well known. Read More

Pathol Res Pract 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Brain metastasis from ovarian/peritoneal cancer is a rare disease that has a dismal prognosis. And genomic alterations and immune-profiling in primary ovarian/ peritoneal cancer and brain metastatic tumor tissues have not been fully elucidated. Multiplexed immunofluorescence and whole-exome sequencing of two matched brain metastatic tumor and primary ovarian/peritoneal cancer tissues were performed. Read More

Curr Alzheimer Res 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. India.

Background: Cancer is a common disease caused by excessive proliferation of cells and neurodegenerative diseases are the disorders caused because of degeneration of neurons. Both can be considered as diseases caused by dysregulation of cell cycle events. Recent data suggests that there is a strong inverse association between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, there is indirect evidence to postulate Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as apotential molecular link in this association. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Background: Several studies evaluating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with >4 brain metastases (BM) demonstrated similar outcomes after treatment of 1, 2-4, and 5-15 BM; others found clinically significant survival decrements in the latter group. In this review of eight academic centers, we compared outcomes of patients undergoing initial SRS for 1, 2-4, and 5-15 BM.

Methods: A total of 2,089 patients treated with initial SRS for brain metastases were included. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2019 Apr 7. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate if radiotherapy improved the overall survival (OS) of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: From January 2012 to August 2015, 323 NSCLC patients with distant metastasis were administered radiotherapy. Ninety-five patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who were sensitive to the initial chemotherapy were treated with radiotherapy for the residual lesions. Read More

Med Pharm Rep 2019 Jan 15;92(1):43-51. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Background: Brain metastases are the most frequent intracranial neoplasms in adults. Although overall survival (OS) is an important endpoint in patients receiving radiotherapy, given their poor life expectancy in general, quality of life is becoming an increasingly useful endpoint. Objectives: to evaluate whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with 3D conformal boost in brain metastases patients with regard to OS and quality of life. Read More