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Front Neurol 2019 25;10:11. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

While studies have demonstrated that decompressive craniectomy after stroke or TBI improves mortality, there is much controversy regarding when decompressive craniectomy is optimally performed. The goal of this paper is to synthesize the data regarding timing of craniectomy for malignant stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on studied time windows and clinical correlates of herniation. In stroke patients, evidence supports that early decompression performed within 24 h or before clinical signs of herniation may improve overall mortality and functional outcomes. Read More

Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019 Feb 1;40:80-86. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address:

Background: Little is known about the neuromuscular morphometric characteristics in patients with sciatica.

Objective: To evaluate the possible changes of nerve and muscle structures in patients with low back pain with unilateral radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation by ultrasound imaging.

Design: A case-control observational study. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Canada.

Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare condition for which no optimal treatment guidelines have been determined. The most common presentation is orthostatic headaches, but patients can present with a variety of symptoms.

Case Description: We present a case of a 34 year old male who developed progressive orthostatic headaches and bilateral subdural collections. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Jan 14;21:101661. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Neuroimaging Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang 330006, China.

Increasing evidence has suggested that central plasticity plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of (chronic) nonspecific low back pain. However, it is unclear how local or short-distance functional interactions contribute to persisting low back-related leg pain (LBLP) due to a specific condition (i.e. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.

Objectives: To determine if fetal brain imaging in fetuses that underwent prenatal repair of neural tube defect (NTD) can predict the need for postnatal hydrocephalus treatment (HT) in the first year postpartum.

Methods: This was a prospective study of fetuses diagnosed with open neural tube defect that had in-utero myelomeningocele repair between April 2014 and April 2016. Independent variables were collected from four chronological sets of fetal images: pre-surgery ultrasound, pre-surgery MRI, 6-week post-surgery MRI and pre-delivery ultrasound. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2018 Nov 23. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Unilateral brain edema is a rare peri-ictal imaging abnormality related to focal status epilepticus. We present the largest series of these patients, describe their clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and analyze the possible underlying pathophysiology.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records in Southwest China's largest tertiary's children's medical center from 2011 to 2017. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019 Jan 27;40(1):191-198. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child (L.D.C., J.D.), Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background And Purpose: Fetal MR imaging is part of the comprehensive prenatal assessment of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. We aimed to assess the reliability of brain stem and posterior fossa measurements; use the reliable measurements to characterize fetuses with open spinal dysraphism versus what can be observed in healthy age-matched controls; and document changes in those within 1 week after prenatal repair.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 349 MR imaging examinations took place, including 274 in controls and 52 in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, of whom 23 underwent prenatal repair and had additional early postoperative MR images. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 24. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Carilion Clinic, Section of Neurosurgery, 1906 Belleview Ave, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, 300 Turner Street NW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2265 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare, slow-growing lesions of neuroepithelial origin. Although histopathologically benign, third ventricular colloid cysts are a well-known cause of sudden, unexpected coma and death. Several theories have been proposed to describe the rare, sudden onset of severe symptomatology and rapid clinical decline due to colloid cysts. Read More

J Feline Med Surg 2018 Dec 19:1098612X18819162. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

2 Department of Imaging, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the MRI findings in cats following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and establish which features identified might correlate with prognosis.

Methods: The magnetic resonance images of 30 cats with clinical signs attributed to the brain following TBI were retrospectively reviewed to assess the imaging features seen and their correlation with outcome.

Results: Twenty-one of 30 had a good outcome (full recovery or minor ongoing neurological deficits); the other nine either died or had ongoing neurological deficits that significantly affected quality of life. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(50):e13033

Pediatric Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.

Rationale: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) play a crucial role in both the maintenance of pulmonary integrity and the pathogenesis of lung disease. Lung involvement has been reported in patients with the filamin A (FLNA) gene mutation. Considering FLNA's role in the intrinsic mechanical properties of MSC, we characterized MSCs isolated from FLNA-defective lung tissue, in order to define their pathogenetic role in pulmonary damage. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 17;9:208. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center/Kaleida Health, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, USA.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by multiple lesions disseminated in time and space. The lesions often have characteristic imaging findings on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings that lead to their diagnosis. At times, these lesions may resemble tumors due to their large size (>2 cm), significant vasogenic edema, and ring-enhancing MR imaging findings. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jul 18;10(7):e3000. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Pathology, Osceola Regional Medical Center, Orlando, USA.

Medulloblastoma is the most common type of aggressive pediatric primary brain malignancy. This case describes a 45-year-old Hispanic male with no significant past medical history who presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of 15 days of 10/10 intractable headaches with one day of lightheadedness, confusion, and loss of balance. An urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a 4. Read More

Med Image Anal 2019 Jan 19;51:61-88. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.

Fetal imaging is a burgeoning topic. New advancements in both magnetic resonance imaging and (3D) ultrasound currently allow doctors to diagnose fetal structural abnormalities such as those involved in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, pulmonary sequestration and hypoplasia, congenital heart disease, diaphragmatic hernia, ventriculomegaly, etc. Considering the continued breakthroughs in utero image analysis and (3D) reconstruction models, it is now possible to gain more insight into the ongoing development of the fetus. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Oct 22;12(1):323. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

AL-Aqrabiah Public Health Center, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis refers to acute thrombosis or blood clots that can lead to strokes. This illness can be misdiagnosed as a migraine, resulting in a delay in management and catastrophic outcomes. We present a pitfall case that highlights the importance of careful history taking and physician awareness in diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Dec 17;211(6):1376-1380. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine differences between patients with myelomeningocele and those with myelocele with respect to brain imaging findings at fetal MRI.

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed of fetal MRI examinations revealing open spinal dysraphism from 2004 through 2016 with available diagnostic postnatal spinal MR images in conjunction with neurosurgical follow-up findings. Images were reviewed by two board-certified fellowship-trained pediatric neuroradiologists. Read More

Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018 Nov 15;28(4):649-662. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

NeuroCritical Care Service, Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, K-11, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Electronic address:

The most feared complication after acute ischemic stroke is symptomatic or asymptomatic hemorrhagic conversion. Neuroimaging and clinical criteria are used to predict development of hemorrhage. Seizures after acute ischemic stroke or stroke-like symptoms from seizures are not common but may lead to confusion in the peristroke period, especially if seizures are repetitive or evolve into status epilepticus, which could affect neuroimaging findings. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 Feb 6;49(2):217-223. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Background: Many infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) show brain abnormality on postnatal brain MRI related to severity of CDH, degree of lung hypoplasia, intrathoracic liver, right diaphragmatic hernia and large diaphragmatic defect. It is not known whether these factors affect brain growth in utero in CDH.

Objective: To assess prenatal brain morphometry and abnormalities on fetal MR in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019 Jan 5;101(1):e26-e31. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.

Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy is a rare phenomenon and there is limited literature on its management. Cushing's disease in pregnancy is even less common and there is little guidance to help in the treatment for this patient group. Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy is often delayed due to overlap of symptoms. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Jul-Sep;13(3):893-896

Department of Neurology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the presence of a single MS-plaque in the brain. It mimics tumors due to large size, mass effect, and enhancement patterns. Refractory intracranial hypertension due to tumefactive MS requiring decompressive craniectomy (DC) was reported in five cases. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Oct 2;118:e414-e421. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Electronic address:

Background: The decompressive hemicraniectomy operation is highly effective in relieving refractory intracranial hypertension. However, one limitation of this treatment strategy is the requirement to perform a subsequent cranioplasty operation to reconstruct the skull defect-an expensive procedure with high complication rates. An implant that is capable of accommodated post-hemicraniectomy brain swelling, but also provides acceptable skull defect coverage after brain swelling abates, would theoretically eliminate the need for the cranioplasty operation. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2019 Feb 25;26(1):99-107. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Craniotomy and craniectomy are widely performed emergent neurosurgical procedures and are the prescribed treatment for a variety of conditions from trauma to cancer. It is vital for the emergency radiologist to be aware of expected neuroimaging findings in post-craniotomy and craniectomy patients in order to avoid false positives. It is just as necessary to be familiar with postsurgical complications in these patients to avoid delay in lifesaving treatment. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018 Dec;22(6):632-637

1Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit; and.

OBJECTIVELumboperitoneal (LP) shunts have a role not only in pseudotumor cerebri, but also in patients with slit-like ventricles who are treated with CSF shunting on a chronic basis. Hesitation to utilize LP shunts is based on previous conventional beliefs including the tendency for overdrainage, difficulties accessing the shunt to tap or revise, and risk of progressive cerebellar tonsillar herniation. The authors hypothesized that the use of horizontal-vertical (HV) valves may reduce the risk of these complications, particularly overdrainage and development of Chiari malformation. Read More

Child Neurol Open 2018 29;5:2329048X18792441. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.

We present a 16-year-old female status post traumatic brain injury from severe motor vehicle crash with prolonged extrication. Initially with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 4 and blood pressure of 80/40, she required emergent intubation. Head computed tomography was notable for skull fracture with hematoma, diffuse axonal injury, and 6-mm midline shift with right uncal herniation. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2018 23;8(4):215-219. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Hospital Corporation America (HCA), West Florida Division, Tampa, FL, USA.

: Brain metastasis (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare with the incidence ranging from 0.6% to 3.2%. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 28;120:200-204. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

Background: Syndrome of the trephined is a unique neurosurgical condition that is seen in patients that have undergone craniectomy. While the symptoms of the condition range from mild to severe, the only definitive treatment for the condition is replacement of the bone flap. This article presents a novel, temporary treatment for syndrome of the trephined in a patient with severe symptoms who was unable to undergo immediate cranioplasty due to infection. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Aug 29;19:1030-1034. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Neurosurgery, Huishan People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND Traumatic torcular herophili epidural hematoma is a rare and specific type of traumatic brain injury that is technically difficult to treat and, more critically, can lead to malignant encephalocele during the operation. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old man presented to our hospital 2 h after a motor vehicle crash. Emergency cranial CT showed a frontotemporal subdural hematoma; 3 h after the patient was admitted, the GCS score decreased to 8 and cranial CT re-examination showed that the frontotemporal subdural hematoma was significantly larger than before. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 23;119:315-320. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Spine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) has evolved over the last decades and has become an effective treatment for soft disk herniations. However, while its use increases, newer complications have been discovered.

Case Description: We present the unique case of a woman who underwent PELD/foraminotomy to treat right-side foraminal disk herniations on L4-5 and L5-S1 in the same procedure. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):224-228

Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Riuniti Hospital of Foggia, Italy.

An 8-year-old girl was admitted during the night in our emergency department for an acute episode of seizures. The patient underwent computed-tomography (CT) brain scan (Toshiba ® Aquilion 64-TSX-101A/HC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan (Philips® Achieva 1.5T). Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 23;119:40-44. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by the superficial deposition of hemosiderin in the subpial layer resulting in iron-related progressive neurodegeneration.

Case Description: In this report, we present a case of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system secondary to an intradural thoracic disk herniation causing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Conclusions: The patient was successfully treated with T6-T8 transpedicular partial corpectomy, as well as diskectomy with decompression followed by watertight closure of the CSF leak. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Oct 11;118:55-58. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Background: Bilateral occlusion of the foramen of Monro with aqueductal stenosis is a rare entity. Only 1 previous case has been reported in the literature.

Case Description: We present a 25-year-old female who presented with chronic headache of 7 years duration. Read More

Semin Pediatr Neurol 2018 07 13;26:77-79. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Department of Child Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. Electronic address:

We discuss the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with an isolated left-sided cranial nerve 7 palsy that was initially magnetic resonance imaging negative. Owing to continued symptoms, repeat magnetic resonance imaging was performed and showed a temporal bone encephalocele. A review of the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve 7 palsy, warning signs signaling the need for additional workup, and a discussion of temporal lobe encephaloceles is provided in this case report. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Aug 23;275(8):2177-2186. Epub 2018 Jun 23.

Indorewala ENT Hospital and Research Centre, Gaikwad Nagar, Behind Mahamarg Bus Stand, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422002, India.

Objective: To see effectiveness of the senior author's repair technique for repair of large (equal to or larger than 10 mm) bony lateral skull base defects.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Settings: Secondary/tertiary care center. Read More

Neuroradiol J 2018 Aug 8;31(4):420-425. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

2 Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center, USA.

Introduction Orbital meningoencephalocele formation is primarily a result of congenital defects in the pediatric population and trauma of the anterior cranial fossa in adults. We present a unique case of nontraumatic nasal and orbital meningoencephaloceles presenting as bilateral proptosis with exotropia secondary to chronic hydrocephalus. Clinical presentation A 20-year-old male with a history of tuberous sclerosis, X-linked intellectual disability, and epilepsy presented to the emergency department with two days of nausea, emesis, seizures, and two months of progressive proptosis. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Aug 26;116:e759-e765. Epub 2018 May 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Qinghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate relationship between gray-white matter ratio (GWR) on computed tomography and prognosis in patients with extra-axial hematoma.

Methods: Patients with extra-axial hematoma who had undergone surgical treatment at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from September 2016 to December 2017 were included. GWR values were calculated by measuring values of gray matter and white matter in Hounsfield units in noninjury sites of basal ganglia. Read More

Acta Neurol Belg 2018 May 24. Epub 2018 May 24.

Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.

We aimed to evaluate the frequency, radiological-clinical findings of brain herniation into arachnoid granulation (BHAG) in pediatric age group using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were under 18 years of age and underwent brain MRI examination which consists of 3D T1, 3D T2 FLAIR and 3D T2 sequences. A total of 2320 patients were enrolled in the study. Read More

Sleep Sci 2018 Jan-Feb;11(1):25-27

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology e Neurosurgery - São Paulo, SP, - Brazil.

Stroke is an example of neurological diseases that can commonly drives Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS). Extensive strokes with brain edema can leave a brain herniation and coma. Other causes of EDS after stroke are strategic lesions at Thalamus and brainstein. Read More

Clin Imaging 2018 Sep - Oct;51:160-163. Epub 2018 May 16.

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

Whereas isolated sphenoid wing dysplasia (SWD) is a well-known clinical feature in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), extensive cranial defects involving multiple bones have been rarely reported in this disorder. In this report, we describe the clinical course of a 20-year-old male with NF1 and an extensive cranial bone dysplasia. The large sphenoethmoidal defect was associated with transethmoidal and orbital cephalocele as well as inferolateral herniation of the frontal lobe. Read More

A A Pract 2018 Nov;11(9):241-243

From the Center for Critical Care, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Sinking skin flap syndrome is a rare complication of decompressive craniectomy characterized by a sunken skin flap, neurological deterioration, and paradoxical herniation of the brain. An absent cranium allows for external compression via atmospheric pressure, causing alterations in cerebral blood flow, cerebral spinal fluid flow, and glucose metabolism, which ultimately leads to cortical dysfunction. This case report describes a patient with relatively early onset of variable neurological symptoms and imaging correlation, leading to a diagnosis and definitive therapeutic intervention with cranioplasty. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Jul 8;265(7):1607-1611. Epub 2018 May 8.

Department of Drug Monitoring and Policy, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Introduction: The use of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) and the number of 4-FA-related intoxications substantially increased in The Netherlands in recent years. We describe two patients with severe 4-FA-related complications and the characteristics of a large sample of 4-FA-intoxicated patients.

Methods: Information on patients with 4-FA-related intoxications between January 2009 and June 2017 was available from the Monitor Drug-related Incidents. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Aug 4;116:e298-e307. Epub 2018 May 4.

Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM-I) is a craniospinal disorder historically defined by cerebellar tonsillar position greater than 3-5 mm below the foramen magnum (FM). This definition has come under question because quantitative measurements of cerebellar herniation do not always correspond with symptom severity. Researchers have proposed several additional radiographic diagnostic criteria based on dynamic motion of fluids and/or tissues. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 Mar;16(3):368-373

Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.

Background: Minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal (lateral-MIS) approaches to the spine involve traversing the lateral abdominal wall musculature and fascia. Incisional hernia is an uncommon approach-related complication.

Objective: To review the incidence, treatment, and preventative measures of incisional hernia after lateral-MIS approaches. Read More

Radiol Res Pract 2018 11;2018:6862739. Epub 2018 Mar 11.

Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Purpose: Intracranial hypotension (IH) often remains undetected using current MR diagnostic criteria. This project aims to demonstrate that central incisural herniation is highly effective in helping to make this diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed in 200 normal and 81 clinically known IH patients. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Apr;97(17):e0594

Department of Oncology, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai,Yantai, ShanDong, China.

Rationale: Oligodendrogliomas are usually located in the frontal, parietal and the temporal lobe, with the ones in the fourth ventricle quite rare. Hence we want to introduce a case about the rare disease.

Patient Concerns: An eight-year old boy complained of progressive headache, dizziness and vomit for about 2 months. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):471-474

Department of Neurosurgery, South City Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.

The past few years have seen increasing support for gross total resection in the management of low-grade gliomas (LGGs), with a greater extent of resection correlated with better overall survival, progression-free survival, and time to malignant transformation. There is consistent evidence in literature supporting extent of safe resection as a good prognostic indicator as well as positively affecting seizure control, symptomatic relief in pressure symptoms, and longer progression-free and total survival. The operative goal in most LGG cases is to maximize the extent of resection for these benefits while avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):227-232

Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEDH) is rare among the traumatic brain injury and represent about 4-7% cases of all EDHs. This rare condition is rapidly fatal unless identified and intervened timely. Because of limited space in posterior fossa, comparatively small volume can cause clinical deterioration. Read More

Neurology 2018 May 13;90(19):e1638-e1645. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

From the Departments of Neurosurgery (W.I.S., S.J.-P.) and Imaging (M.M.M., F.G.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; and Department of Public Health Services (M.N.), University of California, Davis.

Objective: To review our experience with patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and coma because, although disorders of consciousness may complicate SIH, no comprehensive study of such patients has been reported.

Methods: Using a prospectively maintained registry, we identified all patients with SIH in whom coma developed. Patients or their caregivers/families were contacted for follow-up. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 5;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Department of Neurosciences, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.

This is the first reported case of a Chiari 1 malformation in association with tuberculous (TB) meningitis. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with a 2-week history nocturnal fever, vertigo, headache and projectile vomiting. She had nystagmus, scanning speech, bilateral papilloedema and ataxia. Read More

Seizure 2018 May 20;58:6-8. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China.

Hyperekplexia (HPX) or startle disease is a rare hereditary neurological disorder characterized by generalized stiffness, excessive startle reflex to unexpected stimuli and a short period of generalized stiffness following the startle response, and can be complicated by umbilical or inguinal hernia, developmental delay and apnea spell. HPX is caused mainly by mutations in the GLRA1 gene, and has a good response to clonazepam. In this short communication we describe an 11-year-old girl with excessive startle reflex, weird laughing and developmental delay since early infancy. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 1;9:53. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi.

Background: Increased brain volume (BV) and subsequent herniation are strongly associated with death in pediatric cerebral malaria (PCM), a leading killer of children in developing countries. Accurate noninvasive measures of BV are needed for optimal clinical trial design. Our objectives were to examine the performance of six different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) BV quantification measures for predicting mortality in PCM and to review the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Read More

Med Glas (Zenica) 2018 Feb;15(1):71-74

Thermal Power Plant, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim To investigate the presence, type and distribution of spontaneous brain and arachnoid herniation into the dural venous sinuses as well as a clinical significance of these herniations. Methods This retrospective - prospective, non-randomised anatomical and clinical study included 990 patients who were referred to Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the Department of Radiology of the Cantonal Hospital in Zenica in the period from January to December 2016. The T1 and T2 sequences in axial, sagittal, and coronary section were used for brain or arachnoid herniation analysis. Read More