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Surg Neurol Int 2020 13;11:151. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic, progressive, noncontagious, and often chronic disease caused by the fungus that rarely affects the central nervous system (CNS). The condition is usually treated using antifungal drugs, and some cases may require surgery.

Case Description: A 55-year-old man, a smoker, without known comorbidities, was referred to the neurosurgery team with a history of a single epileptic seizure a week before hospital admission followed by progressive right- sided hemiparesis. Read More

Ideggyogy Sz 2020 05;73(05-06):213-216

Department of Neurosurgery, Szent János Hospital, Budapest.

The cause of intracerebral, subarachnoid and subdural haemorrhage is different, and the simultaneous appearance in the same case is extremely rare. We describe the case of a patient with a ruptured aneurysm on the distal segment of the middle cerebral artery, with a concomitant subdural and intracerebral haemorrhage, and a subsequent secondary brainstem (Duret) haemorrhage. The 59-year-old woman had hypertension and diabetes in her medical history. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020 Aug 22;162(8):1825-1828. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Sinking skin flap syndrome is a craniectomy complication characterized by new neurological dysfunction that typically worsens in the upright position and improves after cranioplasty. We present a 33-year-old man who experienced hemiparesis in the upright position after craniectomy. Upright computed tomography (CT) before cranioplasty showed a remarkable shift of the brain compared to supine CT. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2020 Jun;48(6):521-526

Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine.

Second impact syndrome occurrs when a patient who has sustained an initial head injury, most often a concussion, sustains a second head injury before the symptoms associated with the first have fully resolved, leading to rapid brain swelling and herniation. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. We report two cases in which acute subdural hematoma with rapid malignant brain swelling developed after repeated head traumas while snowboarding. Read More

Oncol Lett 2020 Jul 6;20(1):785-793. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.

The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical characteristics of repeated hemorrhages of meningioma and analyze the causes of hemorrhage. Meningiomas are mostly benign tumors that rarely manifest hemorrhagic strokes. In the present study, a case of sphenoid ridge meningioma with repeated hemorrhages is reported. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 Jun 11;72:373-376. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Introdcution: Petrous apex cephaloceles are characterized by herniation of Meckel's cave into the petrous apex. An extensive review of the literature reveals 20 cases of bilateral petrous apex cephaloceles. This article reports an additional case of bilateral petrous apex cephaloceles and reviews the pertinent literature. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, W1B 3GG, UK.

Background: Midline shift in trauma relates to the severity of head injury. Large craniectomies are thought to help resolve brain shift but can be associated with higher rates of morbidity. This study explores the relationship between craniectomy size and subtemporal decompression for acute subdural haematomas with the resolution of brain compression and outcomes. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 13;12(5):e8089. Epub 2020 May 13.

Neurological Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, USA.

Intracranial hypotension (IH) is a relatively common condition associated with low cerebrospinal (CSF) pressure. The most typical symptom is orthostatic headache, although neurological deficits and changes in the level of consciousness, such as encephalopathy, stupor, and coma, may also occur. Uncomplicated CSF hypotension headaches generally resolve with rest, hydration, and analgesia. Read More

Brain Sci 2020 Jun 10;10(6). Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, The Leon Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Suwon 16444, Korea.

Microdiscectomy for the upward migration of upper lumbar herniated discs has a high risk of isthmus and facet injury. Fully endoscopic transforaminal discectomy can preserve normal bony structures during discectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of fully endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for upward migrated upper lumbar herniated discs. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 27;20(1):378. Epub 2020 May 27.

Division of Infectious Disease, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.

Background: Brain abscesses are the rare and most severe form of actinomycosis, which usually manifests as abscesses of the occipital or parietal lobe due to direct expansion from an adjacent area, the oral cavity. In the medical literature, there are only a few reported cases of brain abscess caused by Actinomyces meyeri. In this report, we present a 35-year-old male patient who experienced an insidious headache and left-sided weakness and was diagnosed with an Actinomyces meyeri brain abscess. Read More

BJOG 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Objectives: (1) To compare brain findings between large and non-large neural tube defect (NTD); (2) to evaluate the impact of large lesion on the surgical parameters; (3) to study any associations between the size of the lesions and brain findings 6 weeks postoperatively and neurological short-term outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Texas Children's Hospital, between 2011 and 2018. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020 May 9. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Background And Importance: Symptomatic tethering of the optic nerves and chiasm is a rare occurrence and has been reported following both surgical and medical treatment of pituitary adenoma. Here we present a case of primary optic chiasm tethering in a patient with empty sella syndrome.

Clinical Presentation: The patient was a 61-yr-old female who presented with progressively worsening bitemporal hemianopsia. Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) are common illnesses that can cause debilitating neuropathic pain in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). The current imaging modality to screen CKCS for CM/SM is MRI of the brain and cervical spine. Magnetic resonance imaging provides good soft tissue detail and contrast of the cerebellum and cervical spinal cord. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 May 30;75:71-79. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA 95128, USA. Electronic address:

Gunshot wounds (GSW) are one of the most lethal forms of head trauma. The lack of clear guidelines for civilian GSW complicates surgical management. We aimed to develop a decision-tree algorithm for mortality prediction and report long-term outcomes on survivors based on 15-year data from our level 1 trauma center. Read More

Mil Med 2020 Mar;185(3-4):532-536

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Division of Neurosurgery, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814.

Severe traumatic brain injury has historically been a non-survivable injury. Recent advances in neurosurgical care, however, have demonstrated that these patients not only can survive, but they also can recover functionally when they undergo appropriate cerebral decompression within hours of injury. At the present, general surgeons are deployed further forward than neurosurgeons (Role 2 compared to Role 3) and have been provided with guidelines that stipulate conditions where they may have to perform decompressive craniectomies. Read More

Ir Vet J 2020 25;73. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany.

Background: Overdrainage and collapse of the hemispheres is a potential severe complication after surgical treatment of internal hydrocephalus using ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Here we describe a case of a spontaneous hemispheric ventricular collapse in an untreated dog with congenital hydrocephalus internus.

Case Presentation: A twelve-week-old, male, intact Golden Retriever was presented with a history of peracute obtundation, impaired vision, and progressive gait abnormalities of all limbs for three days. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr;136:444-453

Department of Neurological Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Cervicomedullary compression in young children has been described in the context of Chiari type 1 malformation, with symptoms associated with the extent of tonsillar herniation below McRae line. Historically, Chiari type 1 malformation has been defined by tonsillar herniation of at least 5 mm. However, in certain populations, including very young children, Chiari symptoms may be present without this finding. Read More

Int J Neurosci 2020 Mar 23:1-6. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.

Non-traumatic spontaneous acute epidural hematoma (EDH) happening to chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) caused by dural metastases is a rare entity. Pathogenesis can be derived from infection, coagulopathy, and inflammation. Malignant tumors metastasize to dura mater is one of the most infrequent causes. Read More

Neurol India 2020 Jan-Feb;68(1):159-162

Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: CSF drainage from the ventricular system is a popular and effective technique for intraoperative brain relaxation as it reduces ICP, enlarges extra-axial operative corridors, and slackens the brain increasing its tolerance for surgical manipulation. However, sometimes when the ventricular chambers distant from the site of pathology are tapped, there is a risk of neurological worsening due to paradoxical herniation of the brain, exemplified by the phenomenon of upward transtentorial herniation observed in posterior fossa tumors, consequent to a supratentorial ventriculostomy. Expectation of an analogous phenomenon precludes contralateral ventricular drainage in supratentorial brain tumors producing midline shift, subfalcine herniation, and resultant distension of the opposite lateral ventricles. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 May 3;162(5):674-682. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Objective: To describe our clinical experience with surgical treatments for sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors diagnosed at our institution.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2020 Jan-Jun;6(1):2055116919896111. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 1-week progressive and rapidly deteriorating history of lethargy and abnormal behaviour. Neurolocalisation indicated multifocal intracranial lesions (right oculomotor nerve, brainstem [obtundation, non-ambulatory tetraparesis, vestibular dysfunction and intermittent decerebrate rigidity] and possibly the thalamus [left-sided pleurothotonus]), or more likely a single brainstem lesion with mass effect. MRI of the brain demonstrated a brainstem abscess causing severe dorsal displacement particularly affecting the pons and the medulla oblongata causing cerebellar vermis herniation through the foramen magnum. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Feb 18;20(1):150. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, D-80336, Munich, Germany.

Background: Human encephalitis can originate from a variety of different aetiologies, of which infection is the most common one. The diagnostic work-up is specifically challenging in patients with travel history since a broader spectrum of unfamiliar additional infectious agents, e. g. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2020 Jun 18;24(4):e13669. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah.

This case describes an uncommon acute complication of diffuse thrombotic angiopathy and associated aHUS/TTP in an 11-year-old girl with Danon disease who underwent orthotopic heart transplant. Shortly after transplant, despite an uncomplicated operative course, the patient developed severe kidney injury and progressive altered mental status, culminating in cerebral edema, brain herniation, and death. She had received a single dose of tacrolimus (FK506) and a single dose of antithymocyte globulin. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2020 17;11:10. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.

Background: Sellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) are rare lesions and incidentally found on brain imaging. The pathophysiology is poorly understood. Some authors suggested that SACs develop as a herniation of arachnoid membrane through the diaphragma sellae followed by cyst formation. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 Feb 13;72:124-129. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Human Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.

Objective: Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) is a minimally invasive surgical option for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Nonetheless, patients' clinical outcomes may be poorer after surgery for recurrent LDH than for primary LDH. Therefore, we compared patients' longitudinal clinical outcomes after FELD for recurrent LDH or primary LDH. Read More

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019 07;2019:4707-4711

The purpose of this study was to investigate surface EEG of two groups (lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients and healthy controls (HC)) when they performed real smooth movements (left/right lateral bending) with the maximum voluntary movement without pain. Thirty female LDH patients and thirty healthy controls volunteered to participate in the experiment. We also tested a healthy participant's motion imaginery (MI) of left/right lateral bending movement for over 200 times. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr 9;136:187-192. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: The anterior surgical approach to the cervical spine is known to be safe, and damage to the hypoglossal nerve and trigeminal pathway after the surgery is uncommon. However, once damage to those nerves occurs, the patient's quality of life can be severely impaired by discomfort and disability.

Case Description: We report the case of a 59-year-old male with concomitant and irreversible hypoglossal nerve and trigeminal system dysfunction after cervical spine surgery by the anterior approach confirmed by an electrodiagnostic study. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019 12 28;40(12):2090-2093. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., J.L., K.N.K.).

Background And Purpose: Temporal lobe encephaloceles are increasingly identified and treated as epileptogenic foci. However, there is relatively scant research on the prevalence of asymptomatic encephaloceles. This study set out to describe the frequency of incidental temporal lobe encephaloceles and middle cranial fossa pits. Read More

Spine Surg Relat Res 2019 5;3(4):368-376. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.

Introduction: There is currently a lack of translatable, preclinical models of low back pain (LBP). Chymopapain, a proteolytic enzyme used to treat lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, could induce discogenic LBP. The current study developed a behavioral model of discogenic LBP in nonhuman primates. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Feb 9;134:507-509. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a neurosurgical emergency warranting urgent surgical decompression. Treatment delay may precipitate permanent adverse neurological sequelae. CES is a clinical diagnosis, corroborated by radiological findings. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2019 Dec 25;121:108722. Epub 2019 Oct 25.

Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the contribution to the diagnosis of the giant arachnoid granulations (AGs) of three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences such as T2-weighted sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolution (SPACE) and post-contrast T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE).

Materials And Methods: Patients with 45 giant AGs were included in this retrospective study. All the patients were performed 3D T2-weighted SPACE and contrast enhanced MR venography sequences, as well as conventional cerebral MR imaging sequences. Read More

J Equine Vet Sci 2019 10 2;81:102771. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

There are no previous reports of cranial meningocele in horses. In this report, we present the case of a 1-day-old male Quarter Horse that was born with a mass in the occipital region. The newborn was brought to the veterinary hospital, and a meningocele was diagnosed. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 9;10:1077. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Historically, Duret hemorrhages have conferred a devastating prognosis. However, recent case reports suggest that cognitive and functional recovery are possible after Duret hemorrhages. Here, we describe a patient who recovered consciousness, communication, and functional independence after Duret hemorrhages caused by traumatic transtentorial herniation. Read More

Can J Neurol Sci 2020 03;47(2):231-232

Department of Neurology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

A 73-year-old male with a history of chronic ataxia presented with transient facial droop to the Emergency Department. A CT angiogram and MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were negative for stroke. However, incidental note was made of numerous giant arachnoid granulation pits in the posterior fossa predominantly involving the left occipital bone (Figure 1). Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019 Nov 22;29(6):696-701. Epub 2019 Oct 22.

Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.

Objective: To describe a case of successful management of epidural-subdural abscess and severe meningitis with secondary brain herniation in a dog.

Case Summary: A rhino-sinusotomy was performed in a 3-year-old mixed-breed dog for management of refractory sinonasal aspergillosis. Initial recovery was good, but the dog became acutely stuporous 36 hours after surgery. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Jan 10;133:221-226. Epub 2019 Oct 10.

Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: A rare but important complication related to otherwise uneventful brain and spine surgery is becoming more recognized and more frequently reported in the medical literature. This has been variably labeled as pseudohypoxic brain swelling or postoperative hypotension-associated venous congestion. This poorly understood condition occurs in the setting of surgical intervention and is thought to be related to cerebrospinal fluid leak or evacuation, decreased intracranial pressure, and subsequent development of deep venous congestion affecting the basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. Read More

Radiographics 2019 10;39(6):1571-1595

From the Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 E 68th St, Starr 630C, New York, NY 10075 (A.D.S., S.N.N., A.J.T.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (C.T.W.).

While the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical decision, neuroimaging remains vital for guiding management on the basis of identification of intracranial pathologic conditions. CT is the mainstay of imaging of acute TBI for both initial triage and follow-up, as it is fast and accurate in detecting both primary and secondary injuries that require neurosurgical intervention. MRI is more sensitive for the detection of certain intracranial injuries (eg, axonal injuries) and blood products 24-48 hours after injury, but it has limitations (eg, speed, accessibility, sensitivity to motion, and cost). Read More

Radiographics 2019 10;39(6):1598-1610

From the Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico City, Mexico 14080 (B.R.G., A.C.H.V., J.A.G.M., O.C.R.R., R.C.A., M.D.L.M.M., J.A.H.C.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico (J.I.M.L.).

Cerebral herniation, defined as a shift of cerebral tissue from its normal location into an adjacent space, is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis. The imaging spectrum can range from subtle changes to clear displacement of brain structures. For radiologists, it is fundamental to be familiar with the different imaging findings of the various subtypes of brain herniation. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2020 02;32(1):104-112

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Background: Accurate prediction of malignant brain edema (MBE) after stroke is paramount to facilitate close monitoring and timely surgical intervention. The Enhanced Detection of Edema in Malignant Anterior Circulation Stroke (EDEMA) score was useful to predict potentially lethal malignant edema in Western populations. We aimed to validate and modify it to achieve a better predictive value for MBE in Chinese patients. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2019 18;54(5):319-323. Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,

Background: The incidence of non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage among neonates is less than among adults. However, the outcomes are generally poor, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage can cause a sudden increase in intracranial pressure, requiring emergency craniotomy for evacuation. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2019 12 17;50(6):395-399. Epub 2019 Sep 17.

Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an under-diagnosed cause of headache in children and adolescents. SIH results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak due to breach in the dura mater and the etiology for dural breach is often diverse. We report an adolescent boy who presented with chronic episodic headache that later progressed to daily headache. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2019 19;10:141. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Departments of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, 4-22-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Endodermal cysts are uncommon cystic lesions usually located at the ventral aspects of the spine. A lateral supratentorial location of such cysts is extremely rare. A unique case of a lateral supratentorial endodermal cyst that required surgical intervention due to uncal herniation, complicated with postoperative seizures, is presented. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Jan 9;133:e259-e266. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: How Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) affects posterior fossa brain structures and produces various symptoms remains unclear. The fourth ventricle is surrounded by critical structures required for normal function. The foramen of Magendie can be obstructed in CM-I; therefore, fourth ventricle changes may occur. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Dec 7;132:177-181. Epub 2019 Sep 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.

Background: Reconstructive endovascular treatment is a method that can ameliorate vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA) and preserve the parent artery. Recently, 2 or 3 overlapping stents have been used to treat VADAs through the flow-diversion effect. However, little is known about the use of >3 overlapping stents for acute treatment of hemorrhagic VADA. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2019 Jul-Sep;14(3):718-724

Department of Radiology, JJ Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Encephalocele is defined as herniation of cranial contents beyond the normal confines of the skull through a defect in the calvarium either along the midline or at the base of skull. These anomalies should be repaired in the first few months of life to prevent neurological deficits and facial disfigurement. The aim of the surgery is water tight dural closure at the level of internal defect, closure of skull defect, and reconstruction of external bony deformity. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2019 Jun;23(Suppl 2):S98-S103

Department of Neurocritical Care and Anesthesia, Fortis Mulund, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

CT imaging is the ideal technique for initial evaluation of neurocritical care patients. It is robust, reliable and relatively easy to interpret. Its ability to diagnose hemorrhage, bony fractures, brain edema and herniation in short scanning times makes it an ideal technique for neurological emergencies. Read More

Pain 2019 12;160(12):2829-2840

China-USA Neuroimaging Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Brain functional network properties are globally disrupted in multiple musculoskeletal chronic pain conditions. Back pain with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) is highly prevalent and a major route for progression to chronic back pain. However, brain functional network properties remain unknown in such patients. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Aug 6;13(1):243. Epub 2019 Aug 6.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.

Background: Pseudomeningocele or cerebrospinal fluid leakage is one of the most common complications of foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty for Chiari I malformation. Usually, cerebrospinal fluid leakage is treated with lumbar drainage and/or secondary suture. However, if hydrocephalus occurs, spinal drainage may cause brain herniation. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Nov 2;131:112-115. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Department of Materials and Textiles, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Pneumocephalus is a rare complication after an elective lumbar spine surgery. Full endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (FELD) is an evolving minimally invasive surgical procedure gaining its popularity in the past decade. Although seizure was recognized as a possible complication, organic injury to the central nervous system such as pneumocephalus has not yet been reported after FELD. Read More