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Insights Imaging 2019 Mar 20;10(1):37. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Orthopaedics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

The ulnar nerve is a branch of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. It supplies the intrinsic muscles of the hand and assists the median nerve in functioning of the flexors. Also known as the musician's nerve, it is the second most common nerve involved in compressive neuropathy following the median nerve. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2019 Mar 20:1-3. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

c College of Medical Imaging and Examination , Xiangnan University , Chenzhou , P. R. China.

Charcot shoulder is occasionally seen with syringomyelia. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of brachial plexus abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance(MR) neurography in these patients. MR neurography is useful to evaluate small nerves and their disorders, and may contribute to the early diagnosis and differential diagnoses of such patients. Read More

Microsurgery 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare disease which affects mainly upper and lower extremities. Affected patients are not able to eat unassisted due to elbow contracture and nonexistent active elbow flexion. In traumatic brachial plexus palsies, a nerve transfer from either median or ulnar nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve has proved to induce active elbow flexion, and we report our results of such a procedure in a nontraumatic condition, that is, arthrogryposis. Read More

Korean J Anesthesiol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario.

Background: Iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) harvesting is associated with significant perioperative pain and opioid consumption. Retrospective studies indicate the transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block can provide analgesia for anterior ICBG harvesting. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to establish the efficacy of the TFP block in this setting. Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2019 Feb;32(2):190-194

Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang, China;

Thoracic outlet syndrome(TOS) are constellation of symptoms caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle including the brachial plexus, the subclavian artery and the subclavian vein at the thoracic outlet region. It includes neurogenic TOS, venus TOS, arterial TOS, and neurogenic TOS is the most common type. TOS has varied manifestations and lack of confirmatory testing, therefore, the diagnosis should be conbination with thorough history, physical examination and associated supplementary examinations. Read More

JBJS Essent Surg Tech 2014 Sep 28;3(3):e16. Epub 2013 Aug 28.

Department of Orthopaedics, Ogori Daiichi General Hospital, 862-3 Shimogo-Ogori, Yamaguchi 754-0002, Japan. E-mail address for K. Doi:

Introduction: We describe the current procedure of not only double free muscle transfer but also supplemental techniques including nerve transfer for shoulder and elbow reconstruction and secondary surgery for the wrist and fingers to improve prehensile function following traumatic total brachial plexus palsy.

Step 1 Preoperative Planning: Coronal and transverse MRIs and intraoperative electrical stimulation are useful for nerve-root evaluation.

Step 2 Reconstruction Of Shoulder Function Stage I: If the nerve gap is <10 cm, use the sural nerve as an interpositional graft; if the nerve gap is >15 cm, use a vascularized ulnar or radial nerve graft from the ipsilateral forearm; if the ipsilateral nerve roots are not available, explore the contralateral plexus. Read More

J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of studies on non-surgical and surgical interventions for elbow flexion contractures secondary to brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI).

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series studies on treatment of elbow flexion contractures secondary to BPBI. Study quality was evaluated using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Read More

J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Purpose: To synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and etiology of elbow flexion contractures secondary to brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI).

Methods: Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched, followed by a comprehensive grey literature search. Articles and abstracts of studies of all level of evidence on the prevalence, natural history, clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment of elbow flexion contractures in BPBI were included. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Feb 5;7(2):e2118. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colo.

Background: Brachial plexus injuries have devastating effects on upper extremity function, with significant pain, psychosocial stress, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify socioeconomic disparities in the receipt of brachial plexus repair in the emergent versus elective setting, and in the use of supported services on discharge.

Methods: Analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample Database was performed for the years 2009-2014. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection sometimes result in visceral disseminated VZV infection (VD-VZV), which is a fulminant disease featured by abdominal pain and the absence of skin lesions, particularly occurs in the immunosuppressive patients. Brachial plexus neuritis (BPN) is another rare type of VZV infection usually appears without blisters. Few diagnostic images of both VD-VZV and BPN-VZV have been reported. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China.

Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are severe lesions, and the incidence of these injuries has been increasing in recent years.

Methods: The clinical data of 510 operated patients with brachial plexus injury recruited from 74 hospitals in Guangxi from 2004 to 2016 were retrospectively studied.

Results: Our study included 447 males and 63 females, with an average age of 29. Read More

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga (Santander), Colombia.

Introduction: The teaching based on simulation and acquisition of skills is changing the paradigm of education and restructuring the clinical residences, with the aim of acquiring better skills, increasing procedural success, reducing complications, as well as providing safe, effective, and efficient and focused care of the patient. Peripheral nerve blocks have advanced as techniques for anatomical repairs, use of neurostimulator, and ultrasound. The posgraduate anaesthesiology program implemented a teaching program that included phases of theoretical teaching, training with simulated models, and application in real scenarios. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: To describe the ultrasound-guided microsurgical excision technique and to evaluate the surgical outcomes of brachial plexus schwannomas.

Material And Methods: Eleven patients who underwent ultrasound-guided microsurgery for small (<3 cm) brachial plexus schwannoma for the first time between 2013 and 2017 were included in our study.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 45 years (range: 30-68 years), with six tumors localized on the right and five on the left side. Read More

BMC Neurosci 2019 Mar 14;20(1). Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.

Background: The recovery of neurophysiological parameters at various time intervals following fatiguing exercise has been investigated previously. However, the repetition of neuromuscular assessments during the recovery period may have interfered with the true corticomotor excitability responses. In this experiment, fatiguing contractions were combined with a single post-fatigue assessment at varying time points. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2019 Mar 14:1753193419835436. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

1 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology - Service of Hand, Upper Limb and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France.

We investigated a technique to reconstruct the suprascapular nerve in patients with C5/C6 brachial plexus palsies, using pectoral fascicles from the ipsilateral C7 root. Using a supraclavicular approach in eight cadavers, the suprascapular nerve was placed side by side with an anterior quadrant fascicle from the C7 root. Several criteria were assessed, including the fascicle length, the overlap between the two nerves and their respective diameters. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Backgrounds And Objectives: The anterior approach to the subomohyoid suprascapular (SOS) nerve is a new, technically easy and reliable regional anesthesia technique for postoperative shoulder analgesia. However, due to its proximity, the injectate may spread to the brachial plexus and phrenic nerve. The goal of this anatomic study with dye injection in the subomohyoid space and subsequent cadaver dissection was to establish the likely spread of local anesthesia and the extent of brachial plexus and phrenic nerve involvement resulting from ultrasound-guided SOS nerve block. Read More

Eur J Anaesthesiol 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Ryung A. Kang and Ji S. Jeong contributed equally to the article as first author.

Background: Intravenous dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine is reported to prolong the duration of analgesia after single-shot interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB). However, the effect of co-administration of these agents on the duration of analgesia has not been evaluated.

Objectives: We evaluated the difference in time to first rescue analgesic request between patients receiving co-administered intravenous dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine and patients receiving intravenous dexamethasone alone after single-shot ISBPB for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Division of Healthcare, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, DeSales University, 2755 Station Avenue, Center Valley, PA, 18034-9568, USA.

Unique variants of the pectoralis major and biceps brachii were found during a routine student dissection of a 96-year-old Caucasian female's axilla and brachium. The donor cadaver had bilateral presentation of a muscle originating from the pectoralis major, near the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove, extending obliquely to insert on the medial intermuscular septum and medial epicondyle of the humerus. This muscle variant is currently described as a rare presentation of the chondroepitrochlearis, potentially a remnant of the panniculus carnosus in man. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2019 Mar 12:1-6. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

a Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility of CUBE-SITR MRI and high-frequency ultrasound for the structural imaging of the brachial plexus to exclude neoplastic brachial plexopathy or structural variation and measure the lengths of anterior and posterior divisions of the C7 nerve, providing guidelines for surgeons before contralateral cervical 7 nerve transfer.

Methods: A total of 30 patients with CNS and 20 with brachial plexus injury were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent brachial plexus CUBE-STIR MRI and high-frequency ultrasound, and the lengths of the anterior and posterior divisions of C7 nerve were measured before surgery. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Jan 22;7(1):e1998. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute, Houston, Tex.

Aim: To evaluate whether obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) children who had mod Quad and triangle tilt surgeries maintained their recovered upper extremity functional movements over 10 years.

Background: The short-term outcomes of surgery in OBPI patients are well documented. However, only a few publications with results over 10-year postoperative follow-up exist. Read More

J Phys Ther Sci 2019 Feb 7;31(2):206-210. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba: 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.

[Purpose] Obstetric brachial plexus injuries are accompanied by co-contractions due to misdirection of regenerated nerve fibers. The result is inhibition of arm movement necessary for activities of daily living. Rehabilitation is important to prevent joint contracture and muscle atrophy in such cases. Read More

J Orthop Sci 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University After Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Background: Massive rotator cuff tears have a high rate of re-injury because of severe fatty infiltration. Our data showed that injuries proximal to the suprascapular nerve may be one cause of massive rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using a rat model, how brachial plexus injury associated with a massive rotator cuff tear influences healing of the rotator cuff repair. Read More

Br J Anaesth 2019 Apr 31;122(4):518-524. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Anaesthesia, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Background: Regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgery is routinely performed with brachial plexus blocks. A retroclavicular brachial plexus block has recently been described, but has not been adequately compared with another approach. This randomised controlled single-blinded trial tested the hypothesis that the retroclavicular approach, when compared with the supraclavicular approach, would increase the success rate. Read More

Pain Med 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Objective: The feasibility and safety of managing ambulatory continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB) in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients are currently unknown. We aimed to characterize the outcomes of a large VHA cohort of ambulatory upper extremity surgery patients discharged with CPNB and identify differences, if any, between catheter types.

Methods: With institutional review board approval, we reviewed data for consecutive patients from a single VHA hospital who had received ambulatory CPNB for upper extremity surgery from March 2011 to May 2017. Read More

Neuroreport 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Upper Extremity Function, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.

The purpose of this study was to examine motor imagery ability in patients with peripheral nerve disorder using the hand mental rotation task. Five patients with left total avulsion brachial plexus palsy (BPP) and 16 healthy age-matched adults participated in this study. The mean±SD time from the injury was 103. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo; Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the results of physical therapy management and surgical treatment in a prospective observational cohort of patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) using patient-reported outcomes measures.

Methods: Of 183 new patient referrals from July 1 to December 31, 2015, 150 (82%) met the established clinical diagnostic criteria for NTOS. All patients underwent an initial 6-week physical therapy trial. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Introduction: Brachial plexus trauma related to gunshot (GS) injury requires early examination and characterization to ensure appropriate treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be contraindicated when there are metal fragments in a patient's body. Ultrasound (US) may present an alternative to imaging GS-related brachial plexus injury. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Mar;130(3):675-685

2Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas.

In this review article, the authors offer their perspective on nerve surgery for nerve injury, with a focus on recent evolution of management and the current surgical management. The authors provide a brief historical perspective to lay the foundations of the modern understanding of clinical nerve injury and its evolving management, especially over the last century. The shift from evaluation of the nerve injury using macroscopic techniques of exploration and external neurolysis to microscopic interrogation, interfascicular dissection, and internal neurolysis along with the use of intraoperative electrophysiology were important advances of the past 50 years. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Mar 1:1-9. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

1School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; and.

OBJECTIVERefractory deafferentation pain has been evidenced to be related to central nervous system neuroplasticity. In this study, the authors sought to explore the underlying glucose metabolic changes in the brain after brachial plexus avulsion, particularly metabolic connectivity.METHODSRats with unilateral deafferentation following brachial plexus avulsion, a pain model of deafferentation pain, were scanned by small-animal 2-deoxy-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to explore the changes of metabolic connectivity among different brain regions. Read More

PM R 2018 Dec 16. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy is a complex disorder that requires evaluation of the primary nerve injury and associated sequelae. There is no standardized approach to management, and many treatment options are available. We present a case of Erb palsy with a unique multidisciplinary approach to nonsurgical and surgical management. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2019 Mar 21;132:63-69. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To report on the benchmark case (BC) study performed in the context of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer prospective multicentre Lungtech trial of SBRT for patients with inoperable centrally located lung tumours.

Methods And Materials: Target volume and organs at risk (OARs) delineations first needed to be acceptable before the treatment plan was reviewed. Retrospectively, Dice similarity coefficients of the OARs and the target volumes were calculated and a set of gold standard contours adapted for each institution margins was applied on the accepted dose submissions to evaluate the influence of acceptable delineation variations on dosimetry. Read More

Vet J 2019 Feb 5;244:23-27. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hartfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

The objective of this study was to compare two different local anaesthesia techniques for intraoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing surgical procedures distal to the mid humeral diaphysis. Thirty-two dogs were divided into two groups: the US group received an ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block at the level of the first rib and the N group received a neurostimulation-guided paravertebral brachial plexus block. Ropivacaine 0. Read More

Inflammopharmacology 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and kinins have been associated with neuropathic pain-like behaviour in numerous animal models. However, the way that they interact to cause neuron sensitisation remains unclear. This study assessed the interaction of kinin receptors and TNF receptor TNFR1/p55 in mechanical hypersensitivity induced by an intraneural (i. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2019 Feb 28:1558944719831243. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

4 SportsMed, Carlanderska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.

Backround: Some children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) present later on with an ulnarly deviated wrist. The aim of this study was to present a retrospective analysis of a subgroup of OBPP children with ulnarly deviated wrists and to describe their morphologic wrist deformity in terms of clinical and radiological appearance.

Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of the records of 27 children with an ulnarly deviated wrist as a consequence of OBPP. Read More

Patient Saf Surg 2019 14;13. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1Division of Orthopaedic Trauma & Complex Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jersey City Medical Center - RWJBarnabas Health, 377 Jersey Ave, Suite 280A, Jersey City, NJ 07302 USA.

Background: The deltopectoral approach is a well-described surgical approach to the proximal humerus and glenohumeral joint. One of the structures at risk during this approach is the axillary nerve. Typically, the axillary nerve arises off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and courses lateral to the proximal humerus and inferior to the glenohumeral joint, exiting the axilla through the quadrangular space. Read More

J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2018 ;28(3):233-237

Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Scapulothoracic dissociation is the traumatic separation of the scapula from the thoracic wall. It is the outcome of rare, high-energy trauma to the shoulder girdle and may include vascular and neurologic damage of the upper extremity. Of the few cases presented in the literature, the majority refer to polytrauma patients. Read More

Neurosurgery 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered for patients with intractable pain syndromes since the 1950s. Although there is substantial experience reported in the literature, the indications are contested, especially in the United States where it remains off-label. Historically, the sensory-discriminative pain pathways were targeted. Read More

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2019 Feb;35(2):134-142

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China.

To explore the effects of combined transplantation of the rat Schwann cells and fibroblasts (Fbs) on the nerve regeneration of denervated perforator flaps in rats and the mechanism. (1) Fbs were isolated from the trunk of 2 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats embryos of 14-16 days' pregnancy and cultured, and the morphology of the cells was observed. The third passage of cells were used for subsequent experiments. Read More

J Biomech 2019 Mar 2;86:48-54. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. Electronic address:

Children affected with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) undergo muscle paralysis. About 33% of affected children experience permanent osseous deformities of the glenohumeral joint. Recent evidence suggests that some cases experience restricted muscle longitudinal growth in addition to paralysis and reduced range of motion at the shoulder and elbow. Read More

PLoS Biol 2019 Feb 22;17(2):e3000159. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.

Microglia are central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells. Their ability to migrate outside of the CNS, however, is not understood. Using time-lapse imaging in an obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI) model, we show that microglia squeeze through the spinal boundary and emigrate to peripheral spinal roots. Read More

Tissue Eng Part A 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Dongguan, China ;

Spinal root avulsion typically leads to massive motoneuron death and severe functional deficits of the target muscles. Multiple pathological factors such as severe neuron loss, induction of inhibitory molecules, and insufficient regeneration are responsible for the poor functional recovery. LINGO-1, a CNS-specific transmembrane protein that is selectively expressed on neurons and oligodendrocytes, serves as a potent negative mediator of axonal regeneration and myelination in CNS injuries and diseases. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Road, Jing An District, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of single and dual nerve transfer for the repair of shoulder abduction in patients with upper or upper and middle trunk root avulsion.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with C5-C6 or C5-C7 root avulsion treated by nerve transfer in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different operation methods. Read More

Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019 Feb;8(1):58-69

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard of care for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer in high risk or medically inoperable patients. It is very well tolerated when given to peripherally located tumors and is associated with high rates of local control. Centrally located tumors represent a bigger challenge as they are closer to a number of critical structures, namely the major bronchi, esophagus, large vessels and brachial plexus, that can be damaged by the high ablative doses of SBRT needed for optimal tumor control. Read More

Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2019 ;75(2):143-150

Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saisyunso Hospital.

Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) has been used to evaluate abnormal conditions of entire nerves and nerve bundles. A fat-suppressed 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence is one of the imaging techniques for MRN, which has been widely adopted at 1.5 T. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2019 25;10:12. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Background: Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder of the nerves, resulting in café-au-lait spots, axillary freckling, macules, and neurofibromas throughout the nervous system. Diagnosis of this condition has in the past been mainly clinical, but the usage of magnetic resonance imaging neurography (MRN) is a new diagnostic modality. Here, we report on a case of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) that was diagnosed using MRN after a protracted clinical course. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019 Mar;44(3):415-416

Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019 Mar;44(3)

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Besancon, Bourgogne Franche-Comte University, Besancon, France.

Background And Objectives: The effect of intravenous dexamethasone on the duration of axillary plexus block performed using ropivacaine is not described. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of intravenous dexamethasone on the duration of axillary plexus block analgesia after distal upper arm surgery.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, consenting patients scheduled for hand or forearm surgery under ultrasound-guided axillary plexus block performed using 0. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan.

Surgery in the prone position is associated with a variety of complications due to the positioning, including the widely recognized peripheral nerve compression injuries and brachial plexus neuropathy. Previous studies have reported that thin body habitus is a predisposing risk factor for the compressive peripheral nerve injuries due to the prone position surgery. However, prone-position-related brachial plexus injury in patients who are overweight due to hypertrophic muscles have never been reported. Read More

Acta Ortop Bras 2018 ;26(6):394-396

Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sao Paulo, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the functional outcome achieved following Oberlin transfer, the cognitive level of the patient, and the time elapsed between the trauma event and surgery.

Methods: Eighteen patients with a traumatic injury to the brachial plexus (C5-C6 and C5-C7) were evaluated. Seventeen (94. Read More