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J Rehabil Med Clin Commun 2020 15;3:1000034. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

Objective: To describe a case of nerve kinking correlating with surgical findings in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in a patient with history of brachial neuritis. Thoracic outlet syndrome and brachial neuritis are briefly reviewed.

Case Report: A 32-year-old woman with a history of bilateral brachial neuritis presented with paraesthesias in her hand when abducting her shoulder to 45° or higher. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;7(1):20551169211003806. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Laindon, UK.

Case Summary: An 8-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was presented for investigation of a 48 h history of lethargy and pelvic limb ataxia. MRI of the spinal cord and vertebral column (C1 to sacrum) and brain was unremarkable. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis and increased protein concentration. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 13;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Neurology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)-associated neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is often bilateral and severe, involving structures outside the brachial plexus, such as the phrenic nerves or the lumbosacral plexus. We report a case of an HEV-positive man who had presented with brachial neuritis, with significant phrenic nerve involvement, resulting in diaphragmatic paralysis requiring non-invasive ventilation. Prognosis of HEV-associated NA is often unfavourable and recovery is usually incomplete. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211006542

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is markedly underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and its actual incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 per year. In the current article, we provide an overview of essential information about NA, including the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The causes of NA are multifactorial and include immunological, mechanical, or genetic factors. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2021 Mar 8;36(9):e67. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Background: Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are raising concerns about vaccine safety, particularly in the context of large-scale immunization. To address public concerns, we measured the baseline incidence rates of major conditions potentially related to vaccine-related adverse events (VAEs). We aimed to provide a basis for evaluating VAEs and verifying causality. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021 Mar 4. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Background: This study aimed to establish the relative incidence of etiologies causing serratus anterior (SA) dysfunction in patients with proven abnormality on needle electromyography.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with scapular winging secondary to SA dysfunction. Each patient underwent a detailed clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological assessment to arrive at the precise etiological diagnosis. Read More

eNeurologicalSci 2021 Mar 1;22:100324. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitors show impressive and durable responses in various cancer types and provide new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. However, these drugs have a variety of adverse events. Common autoimmune-related adverse effects include fatigue, hepatitis, skin rash, endocrine deficiencies, and colitis. Read More

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021 Mar;51(2):357-364

MedVet Dayton, 2714 Springboro West, Moraine, OH 45439, USA; BluePearl North Hills, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Although lameness of the thoracic limb typically is due to orthopedic disease, there are several important neurologic conditions that result in lameness. Neurologic diseases cause lameness due to disease of the nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord, or muscles. Common differentials include lateralized intervertebral disc extrusions, caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler disease), brachial plexus avulsion, neuritis, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Read More

Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2020 Sep 8;12(3):227-242. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the pathophysiology of acute HIV infection (AHI) and related central nervous system (CNS) pathology, the clinical characteristics of neurologic complications of AHI, and the implications of the CNS reservoir and viral escape for HIV treatment and cure strategies.

Recent Findings: Recent studies in newly seroconverted populations show a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in AHI, even though these findings have been classically associated with chronic HIV infection. HIV cure strategies such as the "shock and kill" strategy are currently being studied and even in small clinical trials, though the CNS as a reservoir for latent HIV poses unique barriers to these treatment strategies. Read More

Neurol Sci 2021 May 30;42(5):1643-1648. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Clinic, Intraoperatory and Critical Care Neurophysiology Service, Department of Neurology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Mestre, Venice, Italy.

Objective: To report two cases of cranial multineuritis after severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2.

Methods: Patients' data were obtained from medical records of the clinical chart of dell'Angelo Hospital, Venice, Italy.

Results: The first patient is a 42-year-old male patient who developed, 10 days after the resolution of coronavirus-2 pneumonia and intensive care unit hospitalization with hyperactive delirium, a cranial multineuritis with asymmetric distribution (bilateral hypoglossus involvement and right Claude Bernard Horner syndrome). Read More

J Athl Train 2020 Dec 22. Epub 2020 Dec 22.

Assistant Residency Director, McKay Dee Family Medicine Residency, Medical Director, Weber State University, Department of Athletic Training,

A 17-year-old female Caucasian soccer player presented with severe right shoulder pain and scapular winging due to brachial plexus neuritis. Over the course of 6 weeks, the patient received Positional Release Therapy once a week coupled with electrical modalities, massage and a daily home exercise program. The form of brachial plexus neuritis the patient was diagnosed with was Parsonage-Turner Syndrome, a rare condition often resistant to traditional physical therapy, typically persists for six months to years, at times requiring surgical intervention. Read More

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2021 01 3;8(1). Epub 2020 Dec 3.

From the Inflammatory Neuropathy Group (S. Rinaldi, A.D., J.F.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (S. Rinaldi, S.R.I.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurology (H.N.B., M.H.B.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Brain and Mind Centre (H.N.B., T.A.H., M.H.B., S.W.R., F.B., R.C.D.), University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (J.W.), St George Hospital, Sydney; Department of Neurology (T.A.H., S.W.R., S. Ramanathan), Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney; Menzies Institute of Health Queensland (S.A.B.), Griffith University; Department of Neurology (S.A.B.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia; Autoimmune Neurology Group (P.W., S.R.I., S. Ramanathan), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford, UK; Brain Autoimmunity and Clinical Neuroimmunology Groups (F.B., R.C.D., S. Ramanathan), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Faculty of Medicine and Health (F.B., R.C.D., S. Ramanathan), University of Sydney; School of Medical Sciences (F.B.), Discipline of Applied Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; and TY Nelson Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.C.D.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.

Objective: Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with CNS demyelination inclusive of optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). To examine whether peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement is associated with MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), we performed detailed characterization of an Australasian MOGAD cohort.

Methods: Using a live cell-based assay, we diagnosed 271 adults with MOGAD (2013-2018) and performed detailed clinical and immunologic characterization on those with likely PNS involvement. Read More

Clin Imaging 2021 Apr 10;72:8-10. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY, United States of America.

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS), also known as idiopathic brachial plexopathy or neuralgic amyotrophy, is an uncommon condition characterized by acute onset of shoulder pain, most commonly unilateral, which may progress to neurologic deficits such as weakness and paresthesias (Feinberg and Radecki, 2010 [1]). Although the etiology and pathophysiology of PTS remains unclear, the syndrome has been reported in the postoperative, postinfectious, and post-vaccination settings, with recent viral illness reported as the most common associated risk factor (Beghi et al., 1985 [2]). Read More

Sleep Med Clin 2020 Dec 5;15(4):539-543. Epub 2020 Oct 5.

Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 355 East Erie Street, 26N (Biologics), Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

Neuralgic amyotrophy is a poorly understood neuromuscular disorder affecting peripheral nerves mostly within the brachial plexus distribution but can also involve other sites including the phrenic nerve. In the classic form of the syndrome it causes proximal upper limb and neck pain on the affected side with subsequent muscle weakness that can be highly heterogeneous. Nocturnal noninvasive ventilation support is a first-line treatment after phrenic mononeuropathy. Read More

Radiographics 2020 Oct;40(6):1686-1714

From the Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (B.M.G., S.D.D.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.S.P.).

The brachial plexus is an intricate anatomic structure with an important function: providing innervation to the upper extremity, shoulder, and upper chest. Owing to its complex form and longitudinal course, the brachial plexus can be challenging to conceptualize in three dimensions, which complicates evaluations in standard orthogonal imaging planes. The components of the brachial plexus can be determined by using key anatomic landmarks. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2021 01 7;63(1):E7-E8. Epub 2020 Oct 7.

Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Muscle Nerve 2021 01 14;63(1):E8-E9. Epub 2020 Oct 14.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Can J Neurol Sci 2021 Jan 27;48(1):50-55. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Muscle Nerve 2020 11 14;62(5):E81-E82. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.

Handb Clin Neurol 2020 ;172:201-218

Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address:

Many neuromuscular disorders preexist or occur during pregnancy. In some cases, pregnancy unmasks a latent hereditary disorder. Most available information is based on case reports or series or retrospective clinical experience or patient surveys. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jun 28;12(6):e8892. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Radiology, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Pontiac, USA.

Parsonage-Turner syndrome, also known as idiopathic brachial neuritis, is a multifocal, complex inflammatory disorder of the brachial plexus. It is an under-recognized diagnosis that requires increased vigilance to diagnose. We present a case of an abnormal presentation of Parsonage-Turner syndrome 10 weeks after a rotator cuff tear repair surgery. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 10 30;91(10):1118-1119. Epub 2020 Jul 30.

Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

Muscle Nerve 2020 10 10;62(4):E68-E70. Epub 2020 Aug 10.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

JBJS Case Connect 2020 Apr-Jun;10(2):e19.00462

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.

Case: Two firefighters developed Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) shortly after sustaining episodes of heat stroke. Patient 1 was a 40-year-old man who presented with shoulder pain and supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness. Patient 2 was a 35-year-old man who presented with shoulder pain and absent external rotation strength. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 09 26;141:363-366. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:

Background: Neuritis ossificans (intraneural heterotopic ossification) is a rare disorder described as heterotopic ossification of a nerve. We describe the presentation and management of the first reported case of neuritis ossificans with diffuse brachial plexus involvement and review the literature.

Case Description: A 35-year-old man presented to our clinic for evaluation of right upper extremity weakness without history of trauma. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 08 2;91(8):879-888. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), also known as Parsonage-Turner syndrome, is characterised by sudden pain attacks, followed by patchy muscle paresis in the upper extremity. Recent reports have shown that incidence is much higher than previously assumed and that the majority of patients never achieve full recovery. Traditionally, the diagnosis was mainly based on clinical observations and treatment options were confined to application of corticosteroids and symptomatic management, without proven positive effects on long-term outcomes. Read More

Cureus 2020 Mar 23;12(3):e7382. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), also known as Parsonage-Turner syndrome, is an idiopathic disorder characterized by rapid-onset unilateral upper extremity pain, paralysis, and sensory disturbance in the distribution of the brachial plexus. The etiology is unknown, and there is a multitude of alternative clinical presentations as well as secondary triggers, which make the diagnosis challenging. To date, there has been no report of NA presenting with frank myonecrosis. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Mar;48(3):300060520912082

Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.

J Infect Public Health 2020 Jul 26;13(7):1047-1050. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Internal Medicine CHU Grenoble, Inserm (U1036), CEA, BIG-BCI, France.

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been reported to be associated with neurological disorders. However, the real prevalence of acute hepatitis E in those diseases is still unknown. We determined the prevalence of anti-HEV IgM antibody in a population with acute non-traumatic, non-metabolic, non-vascular neurological injury. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2019 Oct;147(10):1335-1339

Servicio de Cardiología y Cardiocirugía, Clínica Indisa, Santiago, Chile.

We report a 59-year-old male who, three weeks after a coronary revascularization surgery, reported a sudden intense burning pain in his left upper limb. Two weeks later, he reports a paresis with difficulty to extend his left wrist and fingers. The electromyography showed a severe axonal damage of the radial nerve with distal denervation signs. Read More