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Turk J Urol 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Urology/General Surgery, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece.

The lower urinary tract has the main function of urine storage and voiding. The integrity of the lower urinary tract nerve supply is necessary for its proper function. Neurological disorders can lead to lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Read More

Med Drug Discov 2020 Apr 29:100042. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, -620024, Tamil Nadu, India.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulting from a distinctive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve in many countries and pose life-threatening clinical issues to global public health. While the lungs are the primary target for the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathological consequence, SARS-CoV-2 appear to invade the brain and cause neurological deficits. In the later stage, COVID-19 can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, neurological deficits and multi-organ dysfunctions leading to death. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2020 Apr 22;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Suite A-1106 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are focal dystonias characterized by involuntary and often patterned, repetitive muscle contractions. There is a long history of medical and surgical therapies, with the current first-line therapy, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), becoming standard of care in 1989. This comprehensive review utilized MEDLINE and PubMed and provides an overview of the history of these focal dystonias, BoNT, and the use of toxin to treat them. Read More

Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020 Apr 10. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Allergan plc, Irvine, CA, USA.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridia and other bacteria, are the most potent toxins known. Their cleavage of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) proteins in neurons prevents the release of neurotransmitters, thus resulting in the muscle paralysis that is characteristic of botulism. This mechanism of action has been exploited for a variety of therapeutic and cosmetic applications of BoNTs. Read More

Toxicon 2020 May 14;179:84-91. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Neurological Unit 1, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

The Botulinum NeuroToxin (BoNT) comprises several serotypes with distinct properties, mechanisms of action, sensitivity and duration of effect in different species. The serotype A (BoNT/A) is the prevalent neurotoxin applied in human's disease. In this paper we present an overview of the current knowledge regarding the duration of effect and the neuromuscular sprouting of different BoNT serotypes in humans. Read More

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020 Feb 21;20(2). Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia.

Purpose Of Review: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood, but the rate is falling, and severity is lessening. We conducted a systematic overview of best available evidence (2012-2019), appraising evidence using GRADE and the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System and then aggregated the new findings with our previous 2013 findings. This article summarizes the best available evidence interventions for preventing and managing cerebral palsy in 2019. Read More

Health Econ Rev 2020 Feb 7;10(1). Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Background: The Swedish Healthcare Act states that patients should have equal access to healthcare. This study addresses at how this translates to pharmacological treatment of adult spasticity, including injections with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and pumps for intrathecal baclofen (ITB). To address potential economic incentives for treatment differences, the results are also set into a health economic perspective. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2020 02;26(1):178-199

Purpose Of Review: This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment options for lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction in patients with neurologic diseases.

Recent Findings: The site of the neurologic lesion influences the pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Antimuscarinic agents are first-line management for urinary incontinence; however, the side effect profile should be considered when prescribing them. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Apr 4;82(4):969-979. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Hyperhidrosis is a dermatological condition defined by excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs with significant effects on patients' quality of life. Hyperhidrosis is categorized as primary or secondary: primary hyperhidrosis is mostly focal and idiopathic, whereas secondary hyperhidrosis is commonly generalized and caused by an underlying medical condition or use of medications. Various surgical and nonsurgical therapies exist for primary hyperhidrosis. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2020 04 27;51(2):89-104. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

The aim of this paper is to provide a clinically applicable overview of different tone reducing modalities and how these can interact with or augment concurrent physical therapy (PT). Botulinum toxin (BoNT), oral tone-regulating medication, intrathecal baclofen (ITB), and selective dorsal rhizotomy are discussed within a physiotherapeutic context and in view of current scientific evidence. We propose clinical reasoning strategies to identify treatment goals as well as the appropriate and corresponding treatment interventions. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2019 Jul;25(25):3268-3280

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands.

Background: A large proportion of patients with Hirschsprung disease experience persistent obstructive symptoms after corrective surgery. Persistent obstructive symptoms may result in faecal stasis that can develop into Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis, a potential life-threatening condition. Important treatment to improve faecal passage is internal anal sphincter relaxation using botulinum toxin injections. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019 ;119(3):127-132

Reneuro clinic, Moscow, Russia.

Provision of a continuous, comprehensive and intensive program of motor rehabilitation to patients with spastic paresis remains a significant problem in the organization of outpatient rehabilitation. The GSC 'I-CAN' program is aimed at three main pathological components of spastic paresis: paresis, spasticity and muscle contracture. Moreover, detailed guides and a mobile application with video instructions allow the patient to perform the exercises on their own at home. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2019 Apr;11(Suppl 5):S835-S844

Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

With increasing survival after esophagectomy for cancer, a growing number of individuals living with the functional results of a surgically altered anatomy calls for attention to the effects of delayed gastric conduit emptying (DGCE) on health-related quality of life and nutritional impairment. We here give an overview of the currently available literature on DGCE, in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, prevention and treatment. Attention is given to controversies in the current literature and obstacles related to general applicability of study results, as well as knowledge gaps that may be the focus for future research initiatives. Read More

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019 Apr 9;12(2). Epub 2019 Apr 9.

School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

Migraine is the second-most disabling disease worldwide, and the second most common neurological disorder. Attacks can last many hours or days, and consist of multiple symptoms including headache, nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity to stimuli such as light and sound, and in some cases, an aura is present. Mechanisms contributing to migraine are still poorly understood. Read More

Mov Disord 2019 05 28;34(5):637-656. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Movement disorders differ in children to adults. First, neurodevelopmental movement disorders such as tics and stereotypies are more prevalent than parkinsonism, and second, there is a genomic revolution which is now explaining many early-onset dystonic syndromes. We outline an approach to children with movement disorders starting with defining the movement phenomenology, determining the level of functional impairment due to abnormal movements, and screening for comorbid psychiatric conditions and cognitive impairments which often contribute more to disability than the movements themselves. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2019 Mar;181(10)

Treatment of ventral hernias with "loss of domain" is a surgical challenge, and in this review, an overview of the current literature is presented. Abdominal compliance can be increased intra-operatively by performing component separation and/or organ reduction but leads to increased post-operative morbidity. As a result, preoperative methods, which increase abdominal compliance, are of interest: tissue expanders, progressive pneumoperitoneum, and botulinum toxin A. Read More

Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019 01;116(4):54-60

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald.

Background: Nerve compression syndromes in the posterior cranial fossa can severely impair patients' quality of life. There is often uncertainty about the best treatment. In this article, we provide an overview of these conditions and the corresponding treatment strategies. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019 09 21;100(9):1703-1725. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, the United States; Department of Neurorehabilitation, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of reported effects and scientific robustness of botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment regarding the main clinical goals related to poststroke upper limb spasticity, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Data Sources: Embase, PubMed, Wiley/Cochrane Library, and Ebsco/CINAHL were searched from inception up to May 16, 2018.

Study Selection: We included randomized controlled trials comparing upper limb BoNT injections with a control intervention in patients with a history of stroke. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2019 05;82(5):582-590

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN.

Facial expressions play a fundamental role in interpersonal communication and interaction; consequently, facial palsy has profound effects on the quality of life of patients. Reanimation of lower lip depressors is rarely addressed during facial reanimation but is as important as treating the eye sphincter and the lip levators. Depressors of lower lip are vital for full denture smile and the expression of facial emotions. Read More

Br Dent J 2018 09 21;225(6):497-501. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

TMD Clinic Manchester University Dental School, Manchester, M15 6FH.

Bruxism is characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth due to contraction of the masseter, temporalis and other jaw muscles. Bruxism may lead to masticatory muscle hypertrophy, tooth surface loss, fracture of restorations or teeth, hypersensitive or painful teeth and loss of periodontal support. Sleep bruxism has previously been viewed as a dysfunctional movement or pathological condition, whereas it is now accepted as a centrally controlled condition with various systemic risk factors. Read More

Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019 Jul 13;62(4):291-296. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.

Background And Objective: A wide range of adjunct therapies after botulinum toxin administration have been proposed. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of major writings dealing with adjuvant (non-pharmacological) treatments associated with botulinum toxin for managing spasticity in order to provide some up-to-date information about the usefulness of the most commonly used procedures.

Methods: The literature in PubMed was searched with the MeSH terms botulinum toxins, muscle spasticity, physical therapy modalities, and rehabilitation. Read More

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018 10 10;18(10):1005-1013. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

a Department of Urogynaecology , King's College Hospital , London , United Kingdom.

Introduction: Overactive bladder is a common condition that can have a negative impact on quality of life. Botulinum Toxin A is a third line treatment for overactive bladder following conservative measures and anticholinergic medication. At present, OnabotulinumtoxinA is the only preparation licensed for this indication. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Nov 17;33(11):1829-1833. Epub 2018 Jun 17.

Bar Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel.

Gastroparesis is a debilitating progressive disease that significantly impacts a patient's life with limited and challenging treatments available. Although the pathogenesis is multifactorial, pylorospasm is believed to have a major underlying role. Several therapeutic interventions directed to the pylorus have been developed over the last decade, including intra-pyloric injections of botulinum toxin, transpyloric stenting, and surgical pyloroplasty. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2018 05 18;10(5). Epub 2018 May 18.

Ipsen Innovation, 5 Avenue du Canada, 91940 Les Ulis, France.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a major therapeutic agent that is licensed in neurological indications, such as dystonia and spasticity. The BoNT family, which is produced in nature by clostridial bacteria, comprises several pharmacologically distinct proteins with distinct properties. In this review, we present an overview of the current therapeutic landscape and explore the diversity of BoNT proteins as future therapeutics. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 May 7;19(5). Epub 2018 May 7.

Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders. Its main pathophysiological characteristic is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta followed by a lack of striatal dopaminergic input and a consequent disinhibition of tonically active cholinergic interneurons. The resulting striatal hypercholinism causes major motor symptoms in PD. Read More

Front Surg 2018 26;5:11. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

Ghent University Hospital, Department of General and HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Ghent, Belgium.

Management of a patient with an open abdomen is difficult, and the primary closure of the fascial edges is essential to obtain the best patient outcome, regardless of the initial etiology of the open abdomen. The use of temporary abdominal closure devices is nowadays the gold standard to have the highest closure rates with mesh-mediated fascial traction as the proposed standard of care. However, the incidence of incisional hernias, although much more controlled than when leaving an abdomen open, is high and reaches up to 65%. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2018 05;28(3):315-321

Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Purpose Of Review: As benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) becomes a more common disease, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of investigational procedures being developed to manage it. We seek to present an overview of the most recently developed treatments and present clinical data related to application wherever available.

Recent Findings: As a greater number of treatments become available for BPH, improved diagnostic testing could prove beneficial in helping guide patient selection. Read More

Neurol India 2018 Mar-Apr;66(Supplement):S48-S58

Department of Neurology, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, University College of London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.

Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal repetitive movements, abnormal postures, or both. The new consensus classifies dystonia into two axes to characterize clinical characteristics, and etiology. This system allows correct identification of isolated and combined forms of dystonia and retains the description of generalized and focal dystonia which is very useful in planning investigations and management. Read More

Drugs 2018 04;78(5):525-541

Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge, Suite 9A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) encompasses the spectrum of iatrogenic hyperkinetic movement disorders following exposure to dopamine receptor-blocking agents (DRBAs). Despite the advent of atypical or second- and third-generation antipsychotics with a presumably lower risk of complications, TD remains a persistent and challenging problem. Prevention is the first step in mitigating the risk of TD, but early recognition, gradual withdrawal of offending medications, and appropriate treatment are also critical. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2017 12;66(suppl_1):S92-S94

Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

From 1976 to 2016, neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii type F caused 18 (<0.5%) reported US infant botulism cases. Six cases occurred during 2012-2013; no common source was identified. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2018 Nov 20;85(11):1006-1016. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities of muscle tone, movement and motor skills, and is attributed to injury to the developing brain. The clinical features of this entity evolve over time and the specific CP syndrome may be recognizable only after 3-5 y of age; although suggestive signs and symptoms may be present at an earlier age. The management involves neurological rehabilitation (addressing muscle tonal abnormalities, and devising physical and occupational therapies) and diagnosis and management of co-morbidities (including epilepsy, impairment of cognition, vision, hearing, and disturbances of growth and gastrointestinal function). Read More

Biomed Res Int 2017 13;2017:8905637. Epub 2017 Sep 13.

The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.

A better understanding of the neural substrates that underlie motor recovery after stroke has led to the development of innovative rehabilitation strategies and tools that incorporate key elements of motor skill relearning, that is, intensive motor training involving goal-oriented repeated movements. Robotic devices for the upper limb are increasingly used in rehabilitation. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these devices in reducing motor impairments, but less so for the improvement of upper limb function. Read More

HNO 2017 Oct;65(10):859-870

Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.

During recent decades, the clinical use of botulinum toxin has become increasingly well established. In the field of otorhinolaryngology there are many indications for which botulinum toxin can improve patients' quality of life. These include applications in the region of the head and neck muscles and the autonomic nervous system in patients suffering from movement disorders of special muscles and secretory disorders (salivary, lacrimal, and sweat glands). Read More

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2017 Sep 29;142(17):1304-1312. Epub 2017 Aug 29.

Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektionsepidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR.

 Botulism is a rare, life-threatening, time-critical neuroparalytic disease that is frequently a subject of differential diagnostic considerations. But there is much uncertainty regarding diagnosis and therapy. Rapid diagnosis, early antitoxin dose, consistent food hygiene and the sensitization of the population can help to reduce incidence, morbidity and mortality. Read More

Drugs 2017 Sep;77(13):1413-1422

Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.

Spasticity with muscle paresis and loss of dexterity is a common feature of upper motor neuron syndrome due to injuries or the pyramidal tract in several neurological conditions. Botulinum toxin type A has been considered the gold standard treatment for spasticity and movement disorders, with efficacy, reversibility, and low prevalence of complications. During the last 30 years, thousands of studies of its use have been performed, but few guidelines are available. Read More

Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2017 Jul 15;47(7):161-166. Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children׳s National Health System, Washington, DC.

Hypertonia is the abnormal increase in muscle tone as a result of upper motor neuron lesions. There are three following clinical types: spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity. Management of hypertonia is individualized and should be directed by the patient and/or family׳s goals of care as well as the underlying cause of the hypertonia. Read More

Int Neurourol J 2017 Jun 21;21(2):97-101. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.

New drug development is a high-risk venture, but if successful, will bring great revenues to those willing to accept the risk. In the field of urology, in particular for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the recent successful landing of drugs (e.g. Read More

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 Aug;25(4):265-272

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an overview of the treatment options for nonflaccid facial paralysis including physical rehabilitation, botulinum toxin injection and surgical intervention. To also describe recent technique advances regarding facial synkinesis in each zone of facial movement.

Recent Findings: Physical therapy and neuromodulation with botulinum toxin continues to be the main treatment strategy for facial synkinesis. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 01 23;128(1):177-183. Epub 2017 May 23.

Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A.

Objective: Our ability to speak is complex, and the role of the central nervous system in controlling speech production is often overlooked in the field of otolaryngology. In this brief review, we present an integrated overview of speech production with a focus on the role of central nervous system. The role of central control of voice production is then further discussed in relation to the potential pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2017 Apr;6(2):234-251

Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

The use of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has expanded across a range of lower urinary tract conditions. This review provides an overview of the current indications for BoNT-A in the lower urinary tract and critically evaluates the published evidence within each area. The classic application of BoNT-A has been in the management of refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and overactive bladder (OAB). Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2017 Jun;76(6):1027-1042

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Electronic address:

The use of neuromodulators for therapeutic and cosmetic indications has proven to be remarkably safe. While aesthetic and functional adverse events are uncommon, each anatomic region has its own set of risks of which the physician and patient must be aware before treatment. The therapeutic usages of botulinum toxins now include multiple specialties and multiple indications. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2017 Jun;76(6):1013-1024

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Electronic address:

Botulinum toxin is a potentially deadly anaerobic bacterial toxin that acts by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting contraction of the exposed striated muscle. There are currently 4 botulinum toxin preparations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): onabotulinumtoxin, abobotulinumtoxin, incobotulinumtoxin and rimabotulinumtoxin. While significant overlap exists, each product has unique properties and specifications, including dosing, diffusion, and storage. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2017 01 18;9(1). Epub 2017 Jan 18.

Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 01 10;1:CD011776. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park Campus, Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3052.

Background: Motor neuron disease (MND), which is also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), causes a wide range of symptoms but the evidence base for the effectiveness of the symptomatic treatment therapies is limited.

Objectives: To summarise the evidence from Cochrane Systematic Reviews of all symptomatic treatments for MND.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) on 15 November 2016 for systematic reviews of symptomatic treatments for MND. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2017 Feb;18(1):87-96

Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Ezralow Tower 5301, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.

The proportion of men receiving non-surgical cosmetic procedures has risen substantially in recent years. Various physiologic, anatomic, and motivational considerations differentiate the treatments for male and female patients. Nevertheless, research regarding approaches to the male cosmetic patient is scarce. Read More

Prog Urol 2017 Jan 14;27(1):3-9. Epub 2016 Dec 14.

Service d'urologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital universitaire la Pitié-Salpêtrière, faculté de médecine Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris 6, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France.

Introduction: To provide an overview of the urological management of spinal cord injured patients based on an economic analysis.

Materials And Methods: A literature search from January 1994 to December 2014 was performed using Medline and Embase database using the following keywords: cost-effectiveness; cost-benefit; cost-utility; spinal cord injury; neurogenic bladder; intermittent catheterization; antimuscarinics; botulinum toxin; sacral neuromodulation; tibial nerve; Brindley; sphincterotomy. The tool used for comparison was the QALY ("quality adjusted life years"); an indicator between 0 and 1 allowing the comparison between two medical treatments using cost per QALY. Read More

Nervenarzt 2017 Apr;88(4):408-414

Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinische Abteilung für Spezielle Anästhesiologie, Schmerz- und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Österreich.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a toxin of the anaerobic spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum is used as a drug for alleviating muscle spasticity. Other indications include the cosmetic application in facial muscles, hyperhidrosis and neurogenic bladder disorders. It has been approved since 2010 as the first prophylactic treatment for chronic migraine. Read More

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2017 Feb;25(1):15-24

Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

This article provides an overview of scar management within the forehead region. It addresses the unique challenges specific to the treatment of forehead wounds. A logical, stepwise approach is used. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2017 01;27(1):14-19

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview about the applicability of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in paediatric neurogenic bladder based on the recently published literature combined with hypothetical notes and future perspectives.

Recent Findings: The indications, clinical outcomes, urodynamic outcome parameters and cost-effectiveness are presented from recent publications. Also, alternative routes of application of BTX-A in the bladder are discussed as well as the influence of BTX-A on conservative and invasive treatment. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 08;138(2):378e-80e

Division of Plastic Surgery Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.