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Eye (Lond) 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BTX) is useful for inducing temporary ptosis in patients with ocular surface disease. However, transcutaneous BTX often causes inadvertent superior rectus (SR) paresis. Furthermore, Muller's muscle is unaffected by transcutaneous BTX, resulting in lagophthalmos and incomplete ptosis. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York, New York Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Ronald O Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Patient Prefer Adherence 2021 3;15:1197-1205. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a new treatment approach primarily aimed at relieving flushing and erythema for rosacea, but it is expensive and lacks economic benefit evaluation studies.This study aimed to investigate willingness-to-pay (WTP) of BTX treatment and conduct benefit-cost analysis (BCA) to assess if BTX treatment for rosacea is recommendable from a viewpoint of economics in China.

Methods: WTP of BTX treatment in rosacea and information of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were inquired via an online questionnaire among the Chinese rosacea patients. Read More

J Voice 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Think + Speak Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois.

Introduction: Hyperkinetic dysarthria is characterized by atypical involuntary movements within the speech mechanism that may affect the respiratory, laryngeal, pharyngeal-oral, or velopharyngeal-nasal subsystems and may alter speech production. Although articulatory impairments are commonly considered in hyperkinetic dysarthria, speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria may also present with changes in voice quality, pitch, and loudness. In approximately 70% of speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria, these voice alterations are associated with tremor or dystonia. Read More

Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Ion channels are ubiquitously expressed in almost all living cells, and are the third-largest category of drug targets, following enzymes and receptors. The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily of ion channels are important to cell function and survival. Studies have shown upregulation of the TRPM family of ion channels in various brain tumours. Read More

Pract Neurol 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Headache and Facial Pain Group, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a highly disabling disorder characterised by very severe, brief and electric shock like recurrent episodes of facial pain. New diagnostic criteria, which subclassify TN on the basis of presence of trigeminal neurovascular conflict or an underlying neurological disorder, should be used as they allow better characterisation of patients and help in decision-making regarding medical and surgical treatments. MR, including high-resolution trigeminal sequences, should be performed as part of the diagnostic work-up. Read More

Surg Radiol Anat 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.

Purpose: The masseteric nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve, passes lateral to the mandibular notch and then spreads in the muscle to achieve motor innervation. The muscle entry points of these motor branches are the target points of minimally invasive interventions preferred in the treatment of masseter hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to reveal the areas where the motor entry points are concentrated in the muscle by dividing the muscle into topographic regions using reliable anatomic landmarks. Read More

J Appl Oral Sci 2021 4;29:e20201035. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.

Background: BoNT-A has been widely used for TMD therapy. However, the potential benefits compared to dry needling techniques are not clear.

Objective: this study aimed to compare the immediate effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections and Acupuncture in myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021 May 29;88:34-39. Epub 2021 May 29.

ENT Department, St George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Anterocollis (AC) is a rare form of cervical dystonia, which responds poorly to botulinum toxin treatment.

Objectives: To recognise the different clinical phenotypes of AC and to detail the selection of muscles from the results of treating a cohort of 15 AC patients with Botulinum Toxin.

Methods: The study was performed using prospectively collected data. Read More

Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Universitair Ziekenhuis - Vrije Universiteit Brussel UZ-VUB.

Acute otitis media is a common middle ear infection in children with the predominant symptoms of hearing impairment and pain. If antibiotics are given, they need time to have an effect on the inflammation, so the focus is on pain control. For pain management local anesthetics have the advantage of lesser systemic side effects but are still subject to scrutiny. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

Background: Over the years, botulinum toxin has found its place as a neuromuscular blocking agent in numerous medical fields. Since the approval of botulinum toxin by the FDA for cosmetic indications in 2002, it had become the most commonly performed aesthetic procedure worldwide, with ever-growing demand. The characteristics of the toxin, along with the facial areas it is injected to, could possibly account for a wide array of complication METHODS: The authors conducted a literature search for reported cases of ophthalmic adverse events following Botulinum toxin facial injections in the electronic databases of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Read More

J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2021 Jun 5. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, IL, USA.

Purpose: Investigate the efficacy and safety of multipattern incobotulinumtoxinA injections in children/adolescents with lower-limb cerebral palsy (CP)-related spasticity.

Methods: Phase 3 double-blind study in children/adolescents (Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded and Revised I-V) with unilateral or bilateral spastic CP and Ashworth Scale (AS) plantar flexor (PF) scores ⩾ 2 randomized (1:1:2) to incobotulinumtoxinA (4, 12, 16 U/kg, maximum 100, 300, 400 U, respectively) for two 12- to 36-week injection cycles. Two clinical patterns were treated. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021 Jun 6;96(6):293-298. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To evaluate the different modalities of treatment of the strabismus related to infantile glaucoma, its complications, and results.

Methods: The clinical history of 7 patients with infantile glaucoma which required strabismus surgical treatment were analyzed. Age at onset of glaucoma, type of glaucoma, glaucoma surgeries, type of strabismus, strabismus surgical treatment and postoperative results were studied. Read More

Am Surg 2021 Jun 7:31348211023446. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, 21886Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.

Background: Chronic anal fissure (CAF) is commonly treated by colorectal surgeons. Pharmacological treatment is considered first-line therapy. An alternative treatment modality is chemical sphincterotomy with injection of botulinum toxin (BT). Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

University Lille, Inserm, U1286 - Infinite, CHU Lille, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, F-59000 Lille, France Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Trousseau Hospital-APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris APHM, Timone Enfant, Service de pédiatrie multidisciplinaire, AP-HM, Marseille, France Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France Gastroentérologie pédiatrique, Montlégia Hospital, CHC, Liège, Belgique Unité de Méthodologie, Biostatistique et Data Management, CHU de Lille, France.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the tolerance and efficacy of endoscopic intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection compared with pyloric dilatation in children with gastroparesis.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive multicentre study that included pediatric patients treated between 2010 and 2018 at four tertiary hospitals.

Results: Data were collected for 24 patients. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Functional anorectal is idiopathic and characterised by severe and potentially intractable anorectal pain. The current review aims to appraise available evidence for the management of functional anorectal pain and synthesise reported outcomes using network meta-analysis. PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science databases were searched for studies investigating treatments for functional anorectal pain. Read More

Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021 Jun 3:101544. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

CHU Rennes, PRM Department, University of Rennes 1 & 2, F-35000 Rennes, France; Unité Empenn (ex-Visages) U1228 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France.

Background: Adjunct therapies (ATs) may further improve outcomes after botulinum toxin injections in spastic patients, but evidence was unclear in previous systematic reviews.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological ATs in spastic adults according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and build an expert consensus based on a Delphi process.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 for reports of comparative trials of non-pharmacologic ATs after botulinum toxin injections in spastic adults. Read More

Scand J Pain 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Pain Clinic, Division of Surgical Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Objectives: The pathogeneses of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and cervicogenic headache (CEH) are not well established. Peripheral activation or sensitization of myofascial nociceptors is suggested as a potential mechanism and injections of botulinum toxin (BONTA) have thus been used in the treatment for both headache conditions. BONTA inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and inhibits contraction of skeletal muscles. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):118-120

Department of Dermatology & STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Eccrine hidrocystomas (EHs) are benign tumors, which arise as cystic dilatation of the eccrine sweat duct. The lesions of EH have a chronic course with periodic flares in summer months, associated with exacerbation in sweating. Diagnosis is mainly clinical with histopathology being confirmatory. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):88-92

Bravo Clinic, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A injection remains the leading nonsurgical cosmetic procedure worldwide with a high rate of efficacy and patient satisfaction.

Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the importance of individualization of botulinum toxin doses to treat the upper face according to the age of the patients, considering the muscles particularities and the specificities of each face area.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study with 389 female patients treated with botulinum toxin type A in the upper third of the face (forehead, glabellar, and periorbital lines). Read More

Toxicon 2021 Jun 1;199:60-67. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania. Electronic address:

This review aims to determine the analgesic efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) for the management of pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP). During July and August 2020, a systematic literature search was performed using a mixture of subject headings and free text. The eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review were: (1) interventional studies, (2) participants: children aged 0-18 with CP, (3) participants were treated with BTX, (4) an outcome measure of pain or satisfaction with pain management, and (5) published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal. Read More

J Orthop Res 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

Rotator cuff disease pathogenesis is associated with intrinsic (e.g., age, joint laxity, muscle weakness) and extrinsic (e. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Skin and Hyperhidrosis Clinic, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that is uncontrollable and occurring regardless of temperature. Quality of life is significantly impaired, and psychiatric comorbidity is common. The objective of the study is to undertake a systematic review of research in the last 5 years regarding hyperhidrosis. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 17;11:674426. Epub 2021 May 17.

Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.

RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac.1) is one of the important members of Rho GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement. Read More

Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.

Recently, increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in addition to the ratio of acetylcholine/dopamine because dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory attack. In this study, we investigated whether botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) was effective for the treatment of PD through its anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the modulation of acetylcholine and dopamine release. We found that BoNT-A ameliorated MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced PD progression, reduced acetylcholine release, levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as GFAP expression, but enhanced dopamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Read More

J Headache Pain 2021 Jun 2;22(1):50. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Allergan, An AbbVie Company, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK.

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) is associated with substantial economic burden. Real-world data suggests that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for CM reduces healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) and related costs.

Methods: REPOSE was a 2-year prospective, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study to describe the real-world use of onabotulinumtoxinA in adult patients with CM. Read More

Int J Urol 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Clinical Development (Specialty), Japan Medical and Development, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Tokyo, Japan.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin treatment (onabotulinumtoxinA 200 units) for Japanese patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Patients with urinary incontinence refractory to pharmacological treatment were enrolled and randomized in a phase III trial. A single dose of onabotulinumtoxinA (n = 11) or placebo (n = 10) was given in the double-blind phase, and repeat injections of onabotulinumtoxinA were given in the subsequent open-label phase. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2021 May 24;13(6). Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.

Early management of spasticity may improve stroke outcome. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is recommended treatment for post-stroke spasticity (PSS). However, it is usually administered in the chronic phase of stroke. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2021 May 29;13(6). Epub 2021 May 29.

Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy.

Chronic pain syndromes present a subversion of both functional and structural nociceptive networks. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evaluate changes in cortical excitability and plasticity in patients with chronic migraine (CM) treated with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). We enrolled 11 patients with episodic migraine (EM) and 11 affected by CM. Read More