Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 17;16(6):4379-4386. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.

Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been reported to increase the survival of ischemic skin flaps; however, the exact mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear and needs to be further established. The present study aimed to elucidate whether autophagy caused by BTXA functions as a protection mechanism and to identify the mechanisms of its regulation by BTXA in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury. HDMECs were harvested from the upper eyelid tissues of female blepharoplasty patients. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2019 Jan;82(1)

Plastic Surgery Registrar Mersey Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), PO BOX 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.

Objective: Various functional outcomes after upper blepharoplasty are reported in the literature. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the objective and subjective functional effects of upper blepharoplasty.

Methods: After a systematic search of four search engines (Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl and Cochraine), any study on objective and subjective (patient reported) functional outcome after upper blepharoplasty was subjected to a quality assessment for possible inclusion in the review. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Beijing Lomeye Cosmetic Surgery Clinic, Beijing, China.

Background: Anti-aging in lower eyelid-cheek junction area has always been the upmost widely sought of cosmetic surgery. Removal of orbital fat from inside or outside, removal of part of the skin or even the orbicularis muscle, superficial pull and deep fill and a series of surgical procedures like these have been or are becoming the mainstream of clinical practice. However, aging involves a variety of tissues and causes, which is a dynamic and continuous process. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.

Background: Aesthetic surgery procedures such as lip augmentation, eyelid correction, face-lifting, or Botox treatment for lines and wrinkles are an important part of cosmetic surgery.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate improvement in appearance following plastic surgery using modern collective intelligence methods of validation.

Methods: A total of 108 photographs showing 54 patients prior to and following cosmetic surgery were downloaded from Internet web presentations of several unnamed plastic surgeons. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.

Iatrogenic ectropion with sagging of the lower eyelid after failed excessive lower eyelid blepharoplasty is a severe complication in aesthetic surgery. Traditionally, free skin grafting is the method of choice for correction. This overview presents the cheek-midface lift as a useful and powerful method for the correction of ectropion following excessive lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2018 Oct 1;11(10):31-35. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Drs. Owji, Khademi, and Khalili are with the Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran.

Topical onion extract gel is commonly used in commercial anti-scar medications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical onion extract gel on the appearance of blepharoplasty scars and to compare the results of its use to those of petroleum jelly. The participants enrolled in this prospective, double-blind study were randomly treated with either topical onion extract gel or petroleum jelly. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 27;53(6):600-604. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Mohs Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Objective: Postoperative ecchymoses or hematomas can prolong healing from surgery, and a search for locally administered agents that decrease bleeding is warranted. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether preoperative subcutaneous injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces intra- and postoperative bleeding or ecchymoses in skin-only upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery.

Design: This is a prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Minimally Invasive Plastic Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burns Unit, FX Michelet Center, University Hospital Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Introduction: Assessment of patient satisfaction following an aesthetic surgery has shown an increasing trend over the past years. To date, there is no prospective and comprehensive study evaluating this aspect after surgical facial and neck rejuvenation. The aim of the current work was to address patient satisfaction after face and neck lift surgery using a validated questionnaire. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Plastic Surgery, ID Hospital, 142 Dosan dae-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06039, Korea.

Background: Postoperative eyelid asymmetry is the most common complaint of patients after undergoing blepharoplasty and ptosis correction surgery. Calibrating eyelid asymmetry during ptosis correction surgery is still difficult for surgeons despite the development of innovative procedures. Our levator pull-out suture technique for correcting postoperative eyelid asymmetry after ptosis surgery is introduced. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dunedin Public Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The purpose of this study was to assess and quantify lower lid excursion following repair of lower lid retraction. In this retrospective cohort study, a case review of patients who had undergone ear cartilage grafting for lower lid retraction was undertaken. Surgical correction involved the placement of autologous cartilage between the tarsal plate and lower lid retractors. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba.

The aim of this interventional, prospective study is to estimate the change in periocular cutaneous sensation after upper eyelid surgery. The trial included 48 eyes of 24 patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty or upper eyelid blepharoplasty and blepharoptosis repair. Eyelid sensation was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet filament-type esthesiometer at 4 predetermined anatomical locations in the upper eyelid. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai 200065, China. Electronic address:

Unilateral double-eyelid blepharoplasty is often required by people with unilateral single eyelid. The full incisional method may cause permanent skin scar formation, and the buried suture method may lead to early eyelid fold loosening, which could not reduce the soft tissue thickness of eyelid. A total of 85 patients (8 males and 77 females) with unilateral single eyelids were studied between January 2015 and January 2016, with a mean age of 25. Read More

Arch Plast Surg 2018 Nov 15;45(6):525-533. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Patients with ectropion experience devastating symptoms. Therefore, the prevention and management of this condition are of utmost importance. To treat ectropion, it is important to perform medial and lateral canthopexy in an effective way. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Anatomy and Histo Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Background: "European-style double eyelid" blepharoplasty often leads to a complex deformity, which includes one or more of the following features: a high fold, upper eyelid depression, multiple folds, an obvious scar, blepharoptosis, and lower flap tumidness. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on evaluation and treatment strategies for this complex deformity.

Methods: During a 6-year period, 65 patients (106 eyes) with a high fold and upper eyelid depression underwent corrective blepharoplasty. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Auricular Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous fibroblasts combined with keratin gel for tear trough deformity rectification as injectable soft tissue filler.

Materials And Methods: The new injectable soft tissue filler was derived from autologous fibroblasts and keratin gel. A total of 35 patients received treatment of this filler injection for tear trough deformity rectification. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Upper blepharoplasty can be divided into incision and nonincision technique. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The author innovated a method of modified upper blepharoplasty by taking advantage of both procedures' strengths. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 Nov 8. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 7;18(1):291. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, No.102, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300190, People's Republic of China.

Background: To report "Lamellar Rotation Surgery",a new technique for repairing large and moderate full-thickness upper eyelid defects.

Methods: A two-stage technique is described in which a vertical incision is made in the tarsus of the lower eyelid with elevation of the lateral posterior lamella while sparing the lower eyelid orbicularis and skin to be rotated superiorly to form the reconstructed posterior lamella of the upper eyelid. Additionally, a lateral periosteal flap is used to reconstruct the lateral canthal tendon, and a McGregor procedure is used to reconstruct the anterior lamella of the upper eyelid. Read More

Prim Care 2018 Dec;45(4):705-717

Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Electronic address:

Plastic surgery is a broad field, including maxillofacial surgery, reconstruction after injuries, hand surgery, and skin flaps and grafts, but the most common procedures for women are liposuction and body contouring, breast surgery, and facial cosmetic procedures. Techniques of face and brow lifts, blepharoplasty, and rhinoplasty are discussed as well as botulinum toxin and filler injections, and laser and pulsed light techniques that may delay or eliminate the need for surgery. Comparison of the surgeries for breast reconstruction, reduction, augmentation, and mastopexy is discussed. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

Background: Aesthetic procedures are among the most common surgeries performed by plastic surgeons. The prevalence of persistent pain remains unknown and underappreciated in the plastic surgery literature.

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to increase awareness of this problem while describing the diagnostic and management strategies for patients with postoperative pain after aesthetic plastic surgery. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2018 10;6:2050313X18803991. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Skin involvement has been reported in 12%-27% of patients with systemic disease, and scar sarcoidosis is a form of sarcoidosis developing in previous cutaneous scar areas. Scars due to all kinds of trauma, including surgery, vaccines, cosmetic tattoos, and herpes zoster infection, have been reported to be associated with sarcoidosis. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Aug 8;6(8):e1873. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Trieste, Italy.

Preoperative blepharoplasty markings might be challenging, especially for young surgeons. It takes experience to carefully evaluate the amount of skin excess that can be safely removed. In the current study, we explored the use of microsurgical vascular clamps as a novel and useful tool in the preoperative upper blepharoplasty markings; they made it possible to directly visualize the amount of skin to be removed, facilitating the surgeon (especially the young surgeon) preoperative markings process. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018 Aug 7;6(8):e1785. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif.

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

A.A.Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital, Russian Ministry of Defense, Settlement Novyj, Krasnogorsk District, Moscow, Russia, 143241.

Purpose: To study the connective tissue (CT) structure of upper eyelid skin of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Patients And Methods: Forty-seven patients aged 47-91 expecting blepharoplasty formed 3 groups: group 1 [16 subjects without POAG, median age 55 years (interquartile range 54-55.5)], group 2 [12 subjects without POAG, median age 73 (72-76. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct;32(5):344-352

Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.

Purpose: The lower eyelid serves important roles in tear distribution and drainage. The purpose of this study was to measure the tear meniscus height (TMH) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography after lower blepharoplasty.

Methods: A total of 52 eyes from 26 patients treated between July 2012 and June 2015 were included in the study. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Oct 10. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

Background: The utility of Google Trends (GT) in analyzing worldwide and regional patient interest for plastic surgery procedures is becoming invaluable to plastic surgery practices. GT data may offer practical information to plastic surgeons pertaining to seasonal and geographic trends in interest in facial cosmetic procedures.

Objective: The authors sought to analyze geographic and temporal trends between GT search volumes and US surgery volumes using univariate analysis. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2018 Nov./Dec.;81(6):471-474. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of superior blepharoplasty on the tear film using the corneal topographer Keratograph 5M.

Methods: A prospective study was performed of 27 eyes of 14 patients with superior dermatochalasis who underwent superior blepharoplasty between May and June 2016. Conservative upper eyelid blepharoplasty was performed by an en bloc resection of anterior lamellar tissue that included skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the orbicularis oculi muscle. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Oct 8. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 9401 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1105, Beverly Hills, CA, 90212, USA.

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are extensively used in periocular volume augmentation. Although they have an excellent safety profile, filler-related issues such as visibility/palpability, contour abnormalities, malar edema, and blue-gray dyschromia can occur. Recognition and management of filler-related issues are critical prior to subsequent procedures. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2018 Dec;81(6):633-636

Plastic Surgery of People's Hospital, Ningxiang, China.

Background: This article presents a new method using orbital septum for double-eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods: During double-eyelid blepharoplasty, we incised the orbital septum horizontally. Using the attachment site of the levator aponeurosis as a pedicle, the lower part of the dissected orbital septum was turned downward and then sutured to the upper border of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(39):e12333

Professor of Plastic Surgery, A-Plast Estetik, Istanbul, Turkey.

Various methods and ancillary procedures have been defined in the era of face-lifting surgery.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of our face-neck cases and the importance of adding ancillary procedures based on individual assessment.We conducted a retrospective review of 203 face-neck cases, basically following the endoscopic and open principles of Vasconez. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Oct 1. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.

Background: High placement of the lid crease is a common complication in upper eyelid surgery. Correction of the high crease by revision surgery is challenging and has not been well-reported.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional study of patients who underwent revision eyelid surgery with lowering of the lid crease from 2008 to 2016 at a tertiary institution. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Aug 24. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, No.71, Xin Min Street, Chang Chun 130021, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: With the growing popularity of upper lid blepharoplasty, there have been increasing reports of unsatisfactory outcomes that have necessitated a revision surgery. This study aimed to evaluate aesthetic outcomes of surgical correction of the high eyelid fold using a pretarsal orbicularis oculi flap and to highlight the key practice points of this surgical procedure in secondary blepharoplasty.

Methods: A retrospective study of 31 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent revision surgeries between January 2013 and December 2015 was undertaken through a review of medical records. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2018 Oct 20;36(10):541-547. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

8 Istituto di diagnosi e terapie dermatologiche ed estetiche (ISDET) , Bari, Italy .

Objectives And Background: Nowadays, several approaches for skin rejuvenation of the lower eyelid are available. We present a new technique of resurfacing with ablation of periorbital skin (RAP) performed in a single session.

Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 20 patients showing skin elastosis with or without evidence of the nasojugal fold and atrophic and dyschromic skin or needing a combined approach of transconjuntival lower blepharoplasty for fat bag removal. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 19;42(6):1531-1539. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: Super-high superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) suspension and tailor tack plication are powerful facelift tools used in cases of primary facial rhytidectomy.

Technique: Thorough pre-operative patient screening and counseling are completed in an outpatient cosmetic surgery center. A super-high SMAS flap is developed by undermining and incising along a line extending from the tragus to lateral canthus and dissecting the SMAS sufficiently to induce movement of the lateral nose and the oral commissure with traction on the SMAS. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Sep 14. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.

Eyelid shape is one key distinctive feature of the Asian eye. The presence of epicanthal folds is a common eyelid defect of Asians. Different surgical techniques have been developed to correct epicanthal folds. Read More

Stem Cells Int 2018 19;2018:3932615. Epub 2018 Aug 19.

Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

Adipose tissue contains abundant multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with strong proliferative and differentiating potential into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. However, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) showed variable characteristics based on the tissue-harvesting site. This study aimed at comparing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell from the orbit (Orbital ASCs) and abdomen (Abdominal ASCs). Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 6;42(6):1582-1590. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China.

Background: Incisional double-eyelid blepharoplasty is widely applied because of its extensive indications and robust results. The orbicularis-levator fixation method is an incisional approach that provides stronger adhesion than traditional techniques. However, there remains the risk of postoperative relapse or suture spitting out. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Sep 8;71(9):1346-1351. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Background: Blepharochalasis is very common and affects not only appearance but also visual function. Upper blepharoplasty is therefore the most frequently performed facial cosmetic procedure worldwide. It is generally seen as a small procedure with good patient acceptance and postoperative satisfaction. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Aug 29;18(1):214. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Eye Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 238 Jie Fang Road, Wu Chang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.

Background: Rejuvenation of aging eyelids is one of cosmetic changes to the individual to create the appearance of youth. Tightening treatment of eyelid by ultrasonic heat could possibly develop acute eye injury, including acute increase of IOP, cataract and rarely myopia.

Case Presentation: A case report of rejuvenation tightening treatment caused eye injury with 6 months' follow-up. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Aug 23. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Gangnam-Seoyon Plastic Surgery Clinic, 421 Samyoung Building, Gangnam-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06614, Republic of Korea.

Background: Korean males and a few females desire to have larger eyes; however, they often wish to enlarge their eyes and conceal their double eyelids. This paper attempts to describe how to make the eyes bigger and brighter without showing double-fold eyelids.

Methods: The authors performed cosmetic ptosis correction in 121 cases from April 2013 to December 2017. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 23;42(6):1565-1570. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45 Minsheng Road, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Background: Double eyelid surgery with a buried suture is a popular plastic surgery procedure in Asia owing to the relatively minor scarring and quick recovery associated with it. In this article, we present a new approach involving a continuous single-loop buried suture method, which expands the operating site to the conjunctiva and the aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex.

Methods: The medical records of 42 patients (80 eyes) who underwent double-eyelid blepharoplasty were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Aug 17. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Wilmington Eye, Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Purpose: To report a recent outbreak of atypical mycobacterial infection following upper eyelid surgery and the results of a prevention protocol that was successfully instituted to dramatically reduce the infection rate.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. A chart review of 7 patients who developed atypical mycobacterium infection after undergoing blepharoplasty was conducted. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Sep;29(5):395-400

Billings Clinic, Billings, Montana, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Blepharoptosis is a common problem encountered in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic. The presentation is obvious to both parents and referring physicians and often prompts urgent consultation. The current classification and management of childhood ptosis will be reviewed. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2018 08;32(4):249-256

Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To describe the demographics, relative incidence of subtypes, and clinical characteristics of blepharoptosis in Korean patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational case series consisting of 2,328 patients who underwent ptosis surgery from 1991 to 2014 at a tertiary referral hospital in Korea. The patients were classified according to the type of ptosis and the evaluation of clinical characteristics including levator muscle function (LF) and degree of ptosis. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Nov;38(12):1289-1297

Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Background: Lower eyelid blepharoplasty has continued to evolve with ongoing debate regarding optimal techniques. Despite large case series publishing excellent results and minimal complications, the true longevity of these procedures remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine how thoroughly the aesthetic surgery literature assesses the longevity of lower blepharoplasty. Read More