J Craniofac Surg 2017 Aug 8. Epub 2017 Aug 8.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

In double eyelid blepharoplasty, unexpected bleeding may cause intraoperative hematoma, swelling, and temporary ptosis, which could cause asymmetry and prolong recovery time. In 1725 patients (3450 eyes), double eyelid blepharoplasties were performed on Chinese patients from January 2014 to July 2016 by our senior author. In 36 eyes, the authors identified a variant artery, which the authors named the "sentinel artery," located in the inferolateral superficial orbital septum. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017 May 24. Epub 2017 May 24.

Dept. of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, South Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Sunken upper eyelid is a commonly found deformity among Asians, mostly due to the aging process and excessive orbital fat removal during oriental blepharoplasty procedures. This deformity is frequently accompanied by multiple, poorly defined upper eyelid folds and blepharoptosis. To date, autologous fat graft has been the treatment of choice for this group of patients. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Jun 2. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

*TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas, †Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ophthalmology Service, Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, and ‡Department of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.

Purpose: To compare revision rates for ptosis surgery between posterior-approach and anterior-approach ptosis repair techniques.

Methods: This is the retrospective, consecutive cohort study. All patients undergoing ptosis surgery at a high-volume oculofacial plastic surgery practice over a 4-year period. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017 Aug 20;70(8):1129-1135. Epub 2017 May 20.

The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Literative Army Hospital, 51#, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.

Background: Double eye-lid surgery is one of the most popular performed aesthetic procedures in young Asians. Reliable measurement of patient reported outcomes is crucial for facial aesthetics. The FACE-Q is a new patient-reported outcome tool (PRO) composed of numerous independently functioning scales and checklists designed to measure outcomes. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2017 Jul;28(5):e419-e422

*Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon †Department of Ophthalmology, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To compare preoperative incision design markings between both eyelids in upper blepharoplasty.

Methods: This retrospective study examined 22 patients who underwent bilateral upper blepharoplasty surgery resulting from senile dermatochalasis and/or blepharoptosis. The initial preoperative incision design markings were drawn with the patient sitting upright. Read More

Orbit 2017 Apr 7;36(2):102-109. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.

Browpexy surgery is a minimally invasive surgical adjunct to upper blepharoplasty. The traditional internal (IB) approach is well documented, while the newer external (EB) variant has only recently been described. To date, there is little quantitative data to evaluate the efficacy of either procedure, and no data to compare results between the two. Read More

Semin Plast Surg 2017 Feb;31(1):51-57

Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common procedures performed worldwide for both functional and cosmetic indications. There is a high rate of patient satisfaction; however, in this era of social media, patient expectations are higher than ever. Today's digitally savvy patients expect perfect outcomes with no complications and rapid recovery. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017 Apr 21;255(4):831-835. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Ophthalmology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.

Purpose: Severe congenital ptosis is commonly associated with poor levator function. This study compares the functional and cosmetic outcomes of open versus closed frontalis sling using Gore-Tex in the treatment of such conditions.

Methods: Randomized interventional comparative case series of 20 eyes of 13 patients with severe congenital ptosis with levator excursion < 4 mm. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2017 Feb 15. Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Thy-Mors Hospital, Thisted, Denmark.

Purpose: To investigate the functional benefits and patient satisfaction with upper blepharoplasty in patients meeting the Danish visitation guidelines for upper blepharoplasty from the Danish Health and Medicines Authority (Sundhedsstyrelsen).

Methods: Before and 3 months after upper blepharoplasty, the following investigations were made: (i) a standard eye examination, (ii) photographic documentation with a normal camera and the infrared camera of a Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomograph and (iii) measurements of the upper visual fields using the blepharoptosis test of Octopus 900. Along with the pre- and postoperative examinations, the patients completed a questionnaire concerning the functional and psychosocial impact of their eyelids. Read More

In Vivo 2017 01;31(1):111-115

Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi Universital Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Aim: Evaluation of long-term results after aponeurotic blepharoptosis correction with external levator muscle complex advancement.

Patients And Methods: We carried out a retrospective study with medical record review of 20 patients (40 eyes) affected by bilateral aponeurotic moderate and severe ptosis who underwent primary surgery between January 2010 and December 2013. Criteria for outcome evaluations included 3-year postoperative follow-up of upper margin reflex index (uMRD) and symmetry. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2017 Mar 28;175:173-182. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and the College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To evaluate the 10-year results of surgery for congenital ptosis and identify factors associated with excellent outcomes and recurrence.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 319 patients who underwent surgical correction at a tertiary medical center for congenital ptosis. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017 Feb 30;41(1):64-72. Epub 2016 Dec 30.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, 33, Duryugongwon-Ro 17-Gil, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea.

Background: Upper blepharoplasty is indicated in Asians for double-eyelid fold creation, periorbital rejuvenation, and functional visual field improvement. This article introduces a technical classification for blepharoplasty methods and investigates approaches to evaluate its outcomes.

Methods: Of 535 patients undergoing aesthetic upper blepharoplasty in our institution in 1998-2011, 136 patients who were well followed up were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into four groups according to the techniques employed. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2017 03;37(3):269-275

Department of Ophthalmology , Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.

Background: Conjunctiva-Müller muscle resection (CMMR) is a simple, effective, and predictable procedure for internal treatment of ptosis.

Objectives: The authors determined contour symmetry of the upper eyelid following bilateral CMMR.

Methods: Thirty control participants (ie, without ptosis) and 44 patients with acquired bilateral blepharoptosis who underwent CMMR were evaluated in a prospective study. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Dec 9. Epub 2016 Dec 9.

*Oculoplastic Surgery, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah; †Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ‡Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts; §Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ‖Beverly Hills Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beverly Hills, California; and ¶Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, subjectively assess outcome, and emphasize surgical pearls and critical clinical observations of upper blepharoplasty performed in conjunction with the brow fat pad suspension suture procedure, previously referred to as a "browpexy variant" or "brassiere suture procedure."

Methods: A retrospective 4-year analysis of patients who underwent the brow fat pad suspension suture with upper blepharoplasty was performed. Adjunctive procedures (brow lift and ptosis repair) were categorized. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Mar/Apr;33(2):139-143

*Edward J. Hines VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; †Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; §Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal; ‖Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and ¶Great Lakes Eye Care, Saint Joseph, Michigan, U.S.A.

Purpose: To present the results of a high-volume oculoplastic surgical outreach in a remote region of Simbu Province in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The authors describe the clinical features and evaluation and treatment of a novel ptosis syndrome found in this area.

Design: A team of 4 international ophthalmologists and 3 local doctors and 3 local nurses involved in a high-volume field intervention for all patients presenting with a bilateral ptosis to Mingende Rural Hospital. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017 Mar 11;70(3):336-340. Epub 2016 Nov 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background And Aim: To describe a series of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and a plexiform neurofibroma of the orbit with ptosis who underwent a combined one-stage surgery for tumor debulking, lid reconstruction, and ptosis repair.

Methods: A retrospective review of 6 cases of combined one-step surgeries for orbital plexiform neurofibroma with ptosis.

Results: The study included 6 children (4 boys, mean age 3. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2016 Oct;64(10):752-755

Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Aims: To evaluate the utility of margin-reflex distance (MRD) as an alternative to levator function (LF) in choosing the appropriate surgical procedure for congenital blepharoptosis.

Settings And Design: This was a retrospective, observational study.

Subjects And Methods: Records of patients with simple (dystrophic) congenital ptosis who were operated and followed for ≥6 months postoperatively and whose outcomes were deemed as successful were evaluated in the study. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Nov/Dec;32(6):486

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Nov/Dec;32(6):485-486

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Nov/Dec;32(6):484-485

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Nov/Dec;32(6):484

Surv Ophthalmol 2016 Nov - Dec;61(6):718-725. Epub 2016 Apr 2.

Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK. Electronic address:

The incidence of glaucoma worldwide is increasing. Often, these patients may also be referred to oculoplastic surgeons for either age-related problems or issues secondary to medical or surgical glaucoma treatment. Eyelid malpositions (ptosis or lid retraction) may occur after glaucoma filtration surgery or the use of prostaglandin analogues. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2017 Jan 26;54(1):52-58. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of two techniques of frontalis silicone sling surgery.

Methods: This retrospective, nonrandomized chart review was performed on patients undergoing frontalis sling surgery between 2008 and 2011. Silicone rods were sutured to the tarsal plate through an eyelid crease incision (open method) or stab incisions (closed method). Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017 Jan 5;70(1):85-90. Epub 2016 Oct 5.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.

Although we commonly observe eyebrow drooping during and after blepharoptosis surgery, it may not occur in some cases. After levator resection was performed in 47 patients (84 eyelids) with blepharoptosis, the eyebrow heights at the medial canthus, the center of the pupil, and the lateral canthus were measured using scanned photographs obtained preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. In the 84 eyelids, after levator resection, the eyebrow position was lowered at the medial canthus in 76 patients (90%), at the center of the pupil in 75 (89%), and at the lateral canthus in 76 (90%). Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2016 Oct;52(10):775-779

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab., Beijing 100730, China.

Objective: To study the clinical and pathological features and surgical outcome of eyelid/conjunctival amyloidosis. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. The clinical and pathological records of 11 patients who were diagnosed as eyelid/conjunctival amyloidosis and had surgical treatment between February 2007 and October 2015 at Beijing Tongren Hospital were analyzed. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016 Dec 14;40(6):914-920. Epub 2016 Oct 14.

Division of Dermatology, Ramathibodi Laser Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Background: Blepharoplasty is a common aesthetic surgery performed worldwide. In Asians, too high eyelid folds after blepharoplasty cause an unsatisfactory aesthetic outcome that is difficult to correct. In this article, the authors propose surgical techniques to correct the high eyelid fold after blepharoplasty. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2016 18;9(9):1320-4. Epub 2016 Sep 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 602-715, Korea.

Aim: To assess the effects of upper lid blepharoplasty on visual quality.

Methods: Seventy-three eyelids of 39 patients were subjected to upper lid blepharoplasty. Pre- and post-operative contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, vertical palpebral aperture and the degree of lash ptosis were measured. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2016 Jul-Aug;79(4):226-8

Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the Abbreviated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ 9), which is shorter than those previously published, as a tool for assessing vision-related quality of life in patients with ptosis and dermatochalasis.

Methods: This is a cohort study of 46 patients who underwent blepharoptosis and/or upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery by a single surgeon (CN) in 2013 in a public, academic, ambulatory care referral center. Patients included 29 who underwent blepharoplasty, 11 who underwent ptosis surgery, and 6 who underwent combined surgery. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Sep-Oct;32(5):402

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Sep-Oct;32(5):401-2

Br J Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 6;101(6):740-746. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.

Background/aims: Surgical treatments for the correction of congenital ptosis with poor levator function, including frontalis suspension or maximal levator resection, remain controversial. We evaluated the postoperative surgical and cosmetic outcomes after maximal levator resection for unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function.

Methods: A retrospective, interventional case series was performed. Read More

Orbit 2016 Dec 6;35(6):339-342. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

a Oxford Eye Hospital , John Radcliffe NHS Trust , Oxford , United Kingdom.

We assess current practice using topical phenylephrine by British Oculoplastic Surgery Society (BOPSS) consultants in the surgical management of ptosis. All UK consultant BOPSS members were invited to participate in a web-based survey, consisting of 8 questions relating to the surgical management of adult primary involutional ptosis with normal levator function and the use of phenylephrine in the management of ptosis. 53 BOPSS consultants (43%) completed the survey, of which 76% perform anterior approach levator advancement as first-line surgery. Read More

Orbit 2016 Dec 25;35(6):324-327. Epub 2016 Aug 25.

e Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , USA.

This article evaluates the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on eyelid margin position and brow height. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty without concurrent blepharoptosis repair or brow surgery. The medical records of the participants were retrospectively reviewed and an established image analysis software was used to quantify the upper margin reflex distance (MRD1) as well as brow height using high quality standardized clinical photographs. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2016 Nov 12;30(11):1490-1495. Epub 2016 Aug 12.

Eye Institute and Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

PurposeTo evaluate the surgical outcome of levator resection with suspensory ligament of the superior fornix (SLSF) suspension in severe congenital ptosis with poor levator function (LF).Patients and methodsThe medical records of 25 patients who underwent levator resection with SLSF suspension between March 2011 and January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients had severe congenital ptosis (>4 mm) and poor LF (<4 mm). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 Aug;95(31):e4469

aSouthern Medical University bDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA cAesthetic Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the San Yet-Sun Medical University, Guangzhou dLOMEYE Medical Beauty Clinic, Beijing, China.

An accurate understanding of the anatomy of the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis (LPSA) is critical for successful blepharoplasty of aponeurotic ptosis. We investigated the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the LPSA.This prospective live gross anatomy study enrolled 200 adult Chinese patients with bilateral mild ptosis undergoing elective blepharoplasty. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 May/Jun;33(3S Suppl 1):S79-S82

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.

To report the occurrence of diplopia and symblepharon following conjunctival Muellerectomy for ptosis repair in 3 patients under chronic antiglaucoma treatment. In this retrospective observational case series, 3 patients were identified who were being treated chronically with multiple antiglaucoma agents and concurrently underwent Mueller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) for the management of ptosis. These patients developed conjunctival scarring and symblepharon extending from the operative site to the bulbar conjunctiva postoperatively. Read More

Pol Przegl Chir 2016 May;88(3):155-9

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of congenital blepharoptosis (CBP) using Mustarde's modified method.

Material And Methods: Between 2005-2014 forty eight children with CBP underwent surgical correction of CBP by Mustarde's modified method. Basing on the results of ophthalmic and orthoptic examination, and standard measurements, we estimated postoperative difference in the position and symmetry of the upper eyelids, and postoperative complications in our patients. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016 Apr;30(4):457-60

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an arc-shaped frontalis aponeurosis flap for the treatment of moderate to severe blepharoptosis.

Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2014, 80 cases (140 eyes) of moderate to severe blepharoptosis were treated, including 31 males and 49 females with a median age of 16 years (range, 6-45 years). One eye was involved in 20 cases and both eyes in 60 cases. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2016 Apr-Jun;9(2):93-6

Department of Eye Plastic and Facial Cosmetic Surgery, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Department of Surgery, Spectrum Health Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Background: As the ptotic brow drops below the supraorbital rim, it can exacerbate dermatochalasis by pushing the adjacent skin of the upper lid further down.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes associated with a combined pretrichial brow lift and upper lid blepharoplasty in patients with dermatochalasis and mild to moderate brow ptosis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case series of 46 patients with dermatochalasis and mild to moderate brow ptosis treated with a combined, bilateral pretrichial brow lift and upper lid blepharoplasty from January 2008 to December 2011. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2016 Jul;27(5):1187-9

ENT, Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Ophtalmology Department, Hospital "Des Escartons" - Briançon (France), PACA Region, Briancon, France.

Introduction: Frontalis sling surgery is the reference procedure for severe ptosis due to poor Levator function. Autologous or synthetic materials are used for lifting the upper eyelid.

Objective: To describe a new technique of passage of a silicon wire through a 20-gauge intravenous catheter and to explore literature. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2016 Jun 16;51(3):e88-9. Epub 2016 Apr 16.

University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.

World J Plast Surg 2016 Jan;5(1):58-61

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Brow ptosis is a potential complication after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of upper blepharoplasty on eyebrow position.

Methods: In this Between April 2011 and March 2013, eighty three patients (166 eyes with mean age of 49. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016 Jul 7;53(4):212-7. Epub 2016 Jun 7.

Purpose: To report the long-term outcomes of childhood ptosis surgery in a population-based setting over a 46-year period.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, the medical records of all patients who were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed as having blepharoptosis and having undergone surgical management prior to 19 years of age (between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 2010), were retrospectively reviewed. Age at time of surgery, type of surgery, duration of follow-up, number and nature of revisions, degree of amblyopia, and postoperative lagophthalmos and dry eye were documented. Read More

Indian J Plast Surg 2016 Jan-Apr;49(1):66-71

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Context: Brow lifting is an essential element in the rejuvenation of the ageing face. Various surgical techniques have been described. Among these, the direct brow lifting is an easy and effective technique that is often neglected because the scar can remain visible. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2016 Jul;27(5):1147-50

*Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine †Department of Ophthalmology, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: The authors analyzed changes in eyelid contour after levator advancement by measuring multiple radial midpupil lid distance (MPLD).

Methods: The study enrolled 61 eyes of 61 patients with involutional ptosis who underwent levator advancement from 2 oculoplastic surgeons from September 2008 to December 2013. An analysis of upper lid contours was performed using front gaze photographs of the preoperative and postoperative states and comparing them to the front gazes of normal patients. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2016 Apr;64(4):317-9

Cagdas Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey.

A 52-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with a history of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) associated with an abdominal neoplasia and blepharoptosis. He had finger clubbing, hyperhidrosis, and hypertrichosis. He also had a recent history of extensive abdominal surgery with a pathology report of myelolipoma. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Jul-Aug;32(4):249-51

*Oxford Eye Hospital, and †Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Reconstruction of full thickness, total upper eyelid defects represents a significant challenge in terms of recreating an upper eyelid which has acceptable cosmesis and a degree of dynamic function. Options include bridging, eyelid-sharing techniques (e.g. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2016 Mar-Apr;132(2):26-32

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 A, B Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021.

Unlabelled: Upper eyelid weigh gold implant is the widely accepted standard for the treatment of paralytic lagophthalmos (PL).

Aim: To evaluate late outcomes of PL correction with chain gold implants.

Material And Methods: Chain gold implants were inserted in the upper eyelids of 70 patients with lagophthalmos due to chronic facial paralysis. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2016 May-Jun;37(3):272-8. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate a fresh, ovine/sheep head and neck tissue model to teach otolaryngology-head and neck surgical techniques.

Study Design: Observational animal study.

Setting: A university animal resource facility. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 May-Jun;32(3):237