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Malar J 2020 Jun 26;19(1):230. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.

Background: In Dielmo, Senegal, the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets has decreased both the incidence of malaria and the density of the Anopheles population. However, persistent low-level malaria transmission may hamper efforts to eliminate the disease. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the vector population is needed in order to improve knowledge of Anopheles biting behaviour and to readjust control interventions. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 Jun 25;14(6):e0008334. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: Snakebite envenoming causes 81,000-138,000 annual human deaths and pain, terror, or disability in 4.5-5.4 million victims. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020 22;53:e20200151. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Rio Tinto, PB, Brasil.

Human envenomation by the snakes Colubridae and Dipsadidae are reported in Brazil, and envenomation by the Opisthoglyphous snake Philodryas olfersii could be dangerous. Here, we present the second record of an envenomation by Philodryas olfersii in Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The male victim presented with mild erythema pain, paraesthesia, local numbness, and swollen lymph nodes. Read More

Malar J 2020 Jun 23;19(1):219. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania.

Background: In rural south-eastern Tanzania, Anopheles funestus is a major malaria vector, and has been implicated in nearly 90% of all infective bites. Unfortunately, little is known about the natural ecological requirements and survival strategies of this mosquito species.

Methods: Potential mosquito aquatic habitats were systematically searched along 1000 m transects from the centres of six villages in south-eastern Tanzania. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2020 Jun 19;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Rickettsiosis is a vector-borne disease caused by bacterial species in the genus . Ticks in Scandinavia are reported to be infected with , yet only a few Scandinavian human cases are described, and rickettsiosis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rickettsiosis in Denmark based on laboratory findings. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2020 Jun 22;13(1):322. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Background: The success of indoor interventions that target mosquitoes for malaria control is partially dependent on early evening and outdoor biting behaviours of mosquito vectors. In southwest Ethiopia, people and cattle live in proximity, which calls to investigate whether the presence of cattle increase or decrease bites from malaria mosquito vectors. This study assessed both host-seeking and overnight activity of malaria mosquito vectors given the presence or absence of cattle in Chano Mille village, Arba Minch district, Ethiopia. Read More

Malar J 2020 Jun 22;19(1):212. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.

Background: Zanzibar provides a good case study for malaria elimination. The islands have experienced a dramatic reduction in malaria burden since the introduction of effective vector control interventions and case management. Malaria prevalence has now been maintained below 1% for the past decade and the islands can feasibly aim for elimination. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India.

Human skin considered as the first line of defense and barrier against the majority of infections caused through the skin that are affecting human populations. Healthy skin, promotes healthy body that can achieve with the usage of modern, allopathic and natural remedies. Major skin ailments affecting human populations are skin cancers, eczema, herpes infection, fungal infection, anti-aging, itching, insect bites, pemphigus vulgaris, trauma, psoriasis, athlete's foot infections, rashes, skin pigmentation, acne, major and minor wound infections that are slowly becoming a burden on health care. Read More

Med Glas (Zenica) 2020 Aug 1;17(2). Epub 2020 Aug 1.

Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The coexistence of humans and dogs, in addition to all positive effects, can result in negative effects on human health. A particular risk is posed by a population of stray dogs, that is, dogs without owners and veterinary supervision. A contact with dogs in addition to bites, carries the risk of viral, bacterial and parasitic zoonoses, and can also cause psychological trauma. Read More

PLoS One 2020 17;15(6):e0233840. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.

Background: Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) by mosquito bite provides >90% sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in humans. RAS invade hepatocytes but do not replicate. CD8+ T cells recognizing parasite-derived peptides on the surface of infected hepatocytes are likely the primary protective mechanism. Read More

J Trop Med 2020 26;2020:6419104. Epub 2020 May 26.

Community Health Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.

Introduction: Each year, an estimated 25000 rabies death occurs in Africa. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) remains the only proven approach in preventing rabies deaths. Most of rabies deaths occur among those who delayed, did not receive, or complete rabies PEP. Read More

Toxicon 2020 Jun 6. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Programa de Pós-graduação Em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia - PPGRNA, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental -LabBBEx, Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará- UFOPA, Santarém, PA, Brazil. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In the region of Western Pará, Amazonia, Brazil, Philodendron megalophyllum is widely used for the treatment of envenomations caused by bites from venomous snakes. The traditional use of plants is usually done through oral administration of an infusion (decoction) soon after the bite occurs. The efficiency of aqueous extracts of P. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2020 Mar 26;9(3):1762-1764. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Research Unit, College of Medicine, College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the skin, namely, the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. The most common organisms involved in causing cellulitis are group A β-hemolytic streptococci and organisms. Rare causes include in case of puncture wounds, anaerobes, , in human bites. Read More

Infect Dis Poverty 2020 Jun 5;9(1):62. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.

Background: Rabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease, which causes an estimated 59 000 human deaths globally every year. The vast majority of human rabies cases are attributable to bites from infected domestic dogs and consequently control of rabies in the dog population through mass vaccination campaigns is considered the most effective method of eliminating the disease. Achieving the WHO target of 70% vaccination coverage has proven challenging in low-resource settings such as Sub Saharan Africa, and lack of public awareness about rabies vaccination campaigns is a major barrier to their success. Read More

Parasite Immunol 2020 Jun 4:e12763. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.

Human malarial infection occurs after an infectious Anopheles mosquito bites. Following the initial liver-stage infection, parasites transform into merozoites, infecting red blood cells (RBCs). Repeated RBC infection then occurs during the blood-stage infection, while patients experience various malarial symptoms. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2020 Jun 1;13(1):277. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy.

Background: Despite the overall major impact of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) in eliciting individual and collective protection to malaria infections, some sub-Saharan countries, including Burkina Faso, still carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. This study aims to analyse the possible entomological bases of LLIN limited impact, focusing on a LLIN-protected village in the Plateau Central region of Burkina Faso.

Methods: Human landing catches (HLCs) were carried out in 2015 for 12 nights both indoors and outdoors at different time windows during the highest biting activity phase for Anopheles gambiae (s. Read More

South Med J 2020 Jun;113(6):267-274

From the School of Public Health, Environmental, and Occupational Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.

Red meat allergies have followed tick bites on every continent except Antarctica. The sensitizing antigen is galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), an oligosaccharide constituent of nonprimate blood and meat, acquired by ticks during animal bloodfeeding. Because red meat allergy after tick bites is a worldwide phenomenon, the objectives of this review were to describe the global epidemiology of red meat allergy after tick bites and its immunological mechanisms; to identify the human risk factors for red meat allergy after tick bites; to identify the most common tick vectors of red meat allergy worldwide; to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic confirmation, and management of patients with red meat allergy after tick bites; and to recommend strategies for the prevention of tick bites. Read More

Jpn J Infect Dis 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Internal Medicine, Cheongbuk National University Hospital.

We report the case of a 76-year-old woman whose infection was rapidly diagnosed as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) through a peripheral blood smear that showed characteristic intragranulocytic morulae. The smear was prepared on the day of hospitalization, which was 1-2 weeks before results were available from serology or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On the basis of the blood smear test, we started timely and appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 May 20;56(5). Epub 2020 May 20.

Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infections have been the cause of threatening outbreaks for many years. Apart from several physical and chemical methods to prevent tick bites, active vaccination of people highly exposed to infection is still the most important strategy of prevention. However, in some subjects, the lack of or low response to TBEV antigens is observed. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 May 18;21(10). Epub 2020 May 18.

L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France.

It is now more than a century since Albert Calmette from the Institut Pasteur changed the world of envenomation by demonstrating that antibodies raised against animal venoms have the ability to treat human victims of previously fatal bites or stings. Moreover, the research initiated at that time effectively launched the discipline of toxicology, first leading to the search for toxic venom components, followed by the demonstration of venoms that also contained compounds of therapeutic value. Interest from pharmaceutical companies to treat envenomation is, however, declining, mainly for economic reasons, and hence, the World Health Organization has reclassified this public health issue to be a highest priority concern. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 May 15;10(5). Epub 2020 May 15.

Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93000 Bobigny, France.

Arthropod blood feeders are vectors of several human pathogenic agents, including viruses (e.g., yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue fever), parasites (e. Read More

Zoonoses Public Health 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

This study investigated self-reported dog bites in humans in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Our objectives were to determine, and compare, the incidence of dog bites in rural and urban households, and to describe the profile of bite victims, biting dogs, and the proportion of biting dogs that respondents self-reported as being not up to date on rabies vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using an online questionnaire. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2020 05;42(5):644-653

Halifax, NS.

Objective: Lyme disease is an emerging infection in Canada caused by the bacterium belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex, which is transmitted via the bite of an infected blacklegged tick. Populations of blacklegged ticks continue to expand and are now established in different regions in Canada. It usually takes more than 24 hours of tick attachment to transfer B. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 15;20(1):348. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Besides the considerable role of blackflies to the transmission of many disease agents, these flies considered as annoying biting pests of wildlife, livestock, poultry, and humans. There are few literature reports of blackfly fever following Simulium spp. This study describes a case of blackfly fever and dermatitis following blackflies numerous bites in Iran. Read More

Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020 Feb;23(2):195-201

Department of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

Objectives: Scorpion venom has toxic effects on mammals, insects and crustaceans. Toxicogenic peptides are major contributors to the scorpion venom, which make it toxic. The is one of the most common scorpion bites agent, and responsible for 95% of scorpion bite deaths cases in Iran. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 10;17(9). Epub 2020 May 10.

Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.

: The territorial expansion and increased population size of haematophagous arthropods (i.e., the castor bean tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and the deer ked (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)) has enhanced the risk of human infestations in Europe. Read More

Tunis Med 2020 Mar;98(3):241-245

Background: Skin lesions caused by avian mite bites are uncommon and often misdiagnosed. They are usually caused by bites from avian mites that have infested domestic poultry or birds nesting in or near human habitation. We report three cases of human skin lesions from avian mites infesting pigeons. Read More

Malar J 2020 May 7;19(1):174. Epub 2020 May 7.

Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

Background: Surveillance of outdoor host-seeking malaria vectors is crucial to monitor changes in vector biting behaviour and evaluate the impact of vector control interventions. Human landing catch (HLC) has been considered the most reliable and gold standard surveillance method to estimate human-biting rates. However, it is labour-intensive, and its use is facing an increasing ethical concern due to potential risk of exposure to infectious mosquito bites. Read More

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020 May 3;236:108769. Epub 2020 May 3.

Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address:

Snakebite is a common occurrence for pet cats and dogs worldwide and can be fatal. In Australia the eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) is responsible for an estimated 76% of reported snakebite cases to domestic pets nationally each year, with the primary pathology being venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy. While only 31% of dogs survive P. Read More

J Med Entomol 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT.

Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the United States. Development of tick control tools have focused primarily on the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. Application of acaricides or entomopathogenic fungal agents to kill host-seeking ticks or ticks on rodents can suppress I. Read More

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020 May 15:1-13. Epub 2020 May 15.

LYSSA LLC, Cumming, GA, USA.

: Rabies is a major viral zoonosis and neglected tropical disease, with a global distribution. Humans, domestic animals, and wild mammals are susceptible to infection. Etiological agents reside in the Order Mononegavirales, Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus. Read More

Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020 Aug 20;10:e00149. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Arba Minch University, Department of Biology, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Malaria is a complex disease and its distribution is not random in endemic areas, and hence areas with low malaria transmission require fine spatial sampling and careful follow-up to identify the hot spots for effective resource utilization to control malaria. The present study is aimed to assess malaria infection in both humans and mosquitoes in a small residential lowland area of southern Ethiopia from July to December 2016. A repeated cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Kolla-Shara (village) to describe the distribution of malaria and infectious mosquitoes. Read More

Vet World 2020 Mar 5;13(3):419-425. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Aim: This study examined the incidence, demographic predictors, and map patterns of dog bites to humans in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA.

Materials And Methods: Dog bites reported to Harris County Veterinary Public Health (HCVPH) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016, were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Canine and victim characteristics and bite circumstances were evaluated to establish risk factors for bites. Read More

Infect Immun 2020 Jun 22;88(7). Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA

Trogocytosis is part of an emerging, exciting theme of cell-cell interactions both within and between species, and it is relevant to host-pathogen interactions in many different contexts. Trogocytosis is a process in which one cell physically extracts and ingests "bites" of cellular material from another cell. It was first described in eukaryotic microbes, where it was uncovered as a mechanism by which amoebae kill cells. Read More

Hell J Nucl Med 2020 Jan-Apr;23(1):4-5

Former Consultant Medical Oncologist, Formerly, Lead Clinician of the Melanoma Unit, Imperial College at Charing Cross Hospital, London, U.K.

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J Invest Dermatol 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Vector Molecular Biology Section, LMVR, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852.

Fogo Selvagem (FS) is a blistering skin disease caused by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies to desmoglein-1 (Dsg1). Preclinical FS and Leishmaniasis are endemic to certain regions of Brazil and exhibit non-pathogenic anti-Dsg1 antibodies. Recurring bites from Lutzomyia longipalpis (LP), the sand-fly vector of Leishmaniasis, immunize individuals with LP salivary antigens LJM17/LJM11. Read More

South Med J 2020 May;113(5):232-239

From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, Marilyn Goss Haskell, Innovative One Health Solutions, Raleigh, North Carolina, and the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Objectives: Injuries resulting from contact with animals are a significant public health concern. This study quantifies and updates nonfatal bite and sting injuries by noncanine sources using the most recent data available (2011-2015) from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program with the purpose of using these updates to better understand public health consequences and prevention techniques. Increased rates of bites and stings can be expected in this study's time frame, possibly caused by the increasing human population expanding into animal territories, as well as changes in animal geographic distribution and pet ownership. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 Apr 29;20(1):584. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Ecole de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Background: In Nunavik, Arctic rabies is still endemic due to a spillover from wildlife to dogs. The prevention of human exposure and the management of potential exposure is a significant public health concern in this region.

Methods: This study retrospectively describes cases of potential exposure to rabies in humans as reported to the Nunavik Public Health Board through their registry of reported cases. Read More

PLoS One 2020 28;15(4):e0232189. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is a Th-2, IgE-mediated dermatitis of horses caused by bites of insects of the genus Culicoides that has common features with human atopic dermatitis. Together with Th-2 cells, the epithelial barrier plays an important role in development of type I hypersensitivities. In order to elucidate the role of the epithelial barrier and of the skin immune response in IBH we studied the transcriptome of lesional whole skin of IBH-horses (IBH-LE; n = 9) in comparison to non-lesional skin (IBH-NL; n = 8) as well as to skin of healthy control horses (H; n = 9). Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Apr 27;10(1):7018. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.

Malaria transmission after universal access and use of malaria preventive services is known as residual malaria transmission. The concurrent spatial-temporal distributions of people and biting mosquitoes in malaria endemic villages determines where and when residual malaria transmission occurs. Understanding human and vector population behaviors and movements is a critical first step to prevent mosquito bites to eliminate residual malaria transmission. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.

Background: Human infections by Mayaro virus (MAYV) occur by insect bites upon exposure to rural or sylvatic areas. Information regarding MAYV transmission is limited due to a lack of commercial diagnostic assays and diagnostic confusion on account of similarities of clinical signs with other co-circulating arboviral diseases.

Methods: A serological survey of MAYV and Chikunguya virus (CHIKV) antibodies was performed by ELISA. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Apr 24;10(1):6975. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland.

Tick-borne diseases are a major threat to human and animal health. An increasing number of natural habitats have been transformed into urban areas by human activity; hence, the number of reported tick bites in urban and suburban areas has risen. This retrospective analysis evaluated 53 scientific reports concerning infections of Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from urban and suburban areas of Europe between 1991 and 2017. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2020 06;111(6):1137-1149

Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Background: Longer oral processing decreases food intake. This can be attributed to greater oro-sensory exposure (OSE) and a lower eating rate (ER). How these factors contribute to food intake, and the underlying physiological mechanisms, remain unclear. Read More

Viruses 2020 Apr 17;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Mosquito-borne viruses are emerging or re-emerging globally, afflicting millions of people around the world. , the yellow fever mosquito, is the principal vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, and has well-established populations across tropical and subtropical urban areas of the Americas, including the southern United States. While intense arboviral epidemics have occurred in Mexico and further south in the Americas, local transmission in the United States has been minimal. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Apr 19;20(1):288. Epub 2020 Apr 19.

4th Medical Department with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Süd - Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital mit Gottfried von Preyer'schem Kinderspital, KFJ-Spital, Kundratstrasse 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.

Background: The diagnosis of human anaplasmosis remains elusive and is probably often missed. This case report highlights the efficacy of molecular diagnostic techniques.

Case Presentation: We would like to report the case of a 74-year-old man who was admitted to hospital because of a high fever, marked chills, transient diplopic images and vertigo, 6 weeks after multiple tick bites. Read More

Acta Trop 2020 Apr 15;209:105484. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK. Electronic address:

Rabies remains a global public health problem, with Africa as one of the most affected continents. Endemic transmission in the unvaccinated domestic dog population of developing countries leads to many exposures with subsequent death in humans due to lack of access to existing effective prevention tools. The presented study identifies factors of exposure and rabies risk in Chad on the household and health facility levels and highlights the challenges of access to Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Read More

Parasit Vectors 2020 Apr 17;13(1):199. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

University of Strasbourg, Virulence bactérienne précoce UR7290-Lyme borreliosis group, FMTS - CHRU Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France.

Background: Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever Borrelia species transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. Human disease caused by B. miyamotoi was first described in Russia and later in the USA and Japan. Read More

Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020 04;8(2):e00582

Pharmacy One™ Poison Control Center, Amman, Jordan.

The Pharmacy One™ Poising Call Center (P PCC), located in Amman, Jordan, was created to address deficiencies identified by the pharmacy service, including in the management of poisoning cases. The aims of this study were to analyze the patterns of poisoning cases reported to the P PCC and to describe the role of the P PCC pharmacist in ensuring preparedness and managing the response to poisoning cases. In addition, the information from these interventions was used to survey human poisoning in Jordan. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2020 Apr 11;10(4). Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Global Urban Studies, Michigan State University, 509 E. Circle Drive, RM 447, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Background: Dog bites can have an array of negative health impacts on victims. Research focusing on the correlates of bites focused on limited sets of variables and produced conflicting findings.

Objective: To expand knowledge about the correlates of dog bites by exploring a comprehensive set of variables related to the nature of the dog and the circumstances surrounding the bite not commonly explored in extant research. Read More

Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020 Jul 6;11(4):101422. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States. Electronic address:

Dermacentor andersoni, the Rocky Mountain wood tick, occurs predominantly in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. There are relatively few contemporary data to evaluate the occurrence of Rickettsia and Anaplasma species in D. andersoni in western North America, and even less information about these associations in the state of Washington, where this tick species is widely distributed and often bites humans. Read More